[MPWG] Fw: NWFP-Digest-L No. 4/08 - selected medicinal plant articles
Patricia_DeAngelis at fws.gov
Patricia_DeAngelis at fws.gov
Thu Jun 5 08:40:09 CDT 2008
The latest NWFP Digest is available! It's a big document, so I'm just
forwarding the articles concerning medicinal plants and some NTFPs (mostly
in the U.S.). I included the full table of contents with an asterisk next
to the articles whose summaries are included; you can see the full
newsletter at the website mentioned below.
-Patricia
Patricia S. De Angelis, Ph.D.
Botanist - Division of Scientific Authority
Chair - Plant Conservation Alliance - Medicinal Plant Working Group
US Fish & Wildlife Service
4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 110
Arlington, VA 22203
703-358-1708 x1753
FAX: 703-358-2276
Working for the conservation and sustainable use of our green natural
resources.
<www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal>
----- Forwarded by Patricia De Angelis/ARL/R9/FWS/DOI on 06/05/2008 09:09
AM -----
"Etherington, Tina (FOIP)" <Tina.Etherington at fao.org>
05/09/2008 05:43 AM
To
nwfp-digest-L at mailserv.fao.org
cc
Subject
NWFP-Digest-L No. 4/08
NWFP-Digest-L
No. 4/08
Welcome to FAO?s NWFP-Digest-L, a free e-mail journal that covers all
aspects of non-wood forest products. Back issues of the Digest may be
found on FAO's NWFP home page: www.fao.org/forestry/site/12980/en.
You can take part in contributing to the continued success of this
newsletter by sharing with the NWFP community any news that you may have
regarding research, events, publications and projects. Kindly send such
information to NWFP-Digest-L at mailserv.fao.org:We also appreciate any
comments or feedback.
A special thank you to all those who have sent me links to information.
==============================================================
IN THIS ISSUE:
PRODUCTS
1. Bamboo: Dell develops an ecological bamboo computer
2. Bamboo 'silk' protects against UV and bugs
3. Ginseng helps cancer patients reduce fatigue, increase
energy**
4. Medicinal plants in Ethiopia: Ethnomedicinal plant
knowledge and practice of the Oromo ethnic group
5. Medicinal plants in India: Valley medicinal plants
hold employment potential
6. Medicinal plants in USA: Native medicinal herb could
become New Mexico cash crop**
7. Moringa oleifera: Student researchers study natural
water purifier
8. Moringa oleifera: Body Shop launches a Moringa bath
and body range
9. Moringa oleifera: ?Malunggay better oil source?
10. Mulberry juice drink unveiled
11. Mulberry: Indian silk board weaves new mulberry breeds
12. Mulberry: Silkworms give Philippine farming town a
makeover
13. Mushrooms in South Africa: New giant mushroom causes a
stir
14. Mushrooms in Ukraine: Mushroom prices are 1.5 times as
high as in 2007
15. Pine bark extract's osteoarthritis potential expanded
16. Rattan in Indonesia: Artificial rattan gains favour
17. Seabuckthorn: Clinically proven treatment offers help to
rosacea sufferers
COUNTRY INFORMATION
18. Brazil: Plans to control access to Amazon
19. Canada: Season not so sweet for maple syrup producers
20. Ghana: Government taking action to reduce pressure on
forests
21. Guyana: Forest investment deal boosts Guyana conservation
22. India: Bamboo industry eyes slice of $7.5 bn world mkt
23. India: Chinese technology likely for State bamboo sector
24. India: Cane and bamboo project launched for North East
25. India: Bugs to boost Assam?s muga silk production
26. India Lac farming boost to tribal families
27. Indonesia: The sweetest way to save forests
28. Namibia: Community Forestry Project in Omaheke
29. Portugal: A revival of the region?s cork producing
history
30. Sri Lanka: Ceylon cinnamon a money spinner
31. UK: Campaign to save forest reptiles
32. USA: Untapped resource ? maple sugar
33. Vietnam: Ecological tourism development to protect forest
biodiversity
34. Vietnam: Fragments of grace
35. Zambia: Two tree crops provide Zambians with nutrition
and fuel
NEWS
36. American Botanical Council announces Peruvian Amazon and
Andes Ethnobotany Ecotour**
37. Biodiversity key to fighting climate change**
38. CMS Gorilla Agreement enters into force
39. E-discussion forum on underutilized species
40. How is a tree valued?
41. Is the answer to HIV-associated diarrhea found in South
America's rain forest?
42. The buzz on energy drinks
43. World Challenge 2008 (Deadline: 31 May 2008)**
EVENTS
44. IBRA International Workshop on Queen rearing and
artificial insemination
45. 2008 International Scientific Conference on Tropical
Rainforests and Agroforests under Global Change
46. Provoking Change: Strategies to promote forest users in
the Amazon
REQUESTS
47. Request for funding: Participatory forest management for
herbal medicinal production in Peru**
LITERATURE REVIEW AND WEB SITES
48. Indigenous and traditional peoples and climate change
49. Introducing 'Journal of Medicinal Plant Research (JMPR)
'**
50. Quality and adulteration problems in certain raw
medicinal plants of central India**
51. The Tropical Agriculturalist ? Beekeeping
52. Other publications of interest**
53. Web sites and e-zines
3. Ginseng helps cancer patients reduce fatigue, increase energy
Source: Natural News.com, AZ, USA, 23 April 2008
American ginseng may reduce fatigue and increase overall psychological
well-being in cancer patients, according to a study conducted by
researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, N.Y., and presented at the
annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
"We hope that Wisconsin ginseng may offer us a much-needed
treatment to improve our patients' quality of life, and we look forward to
further evaluation," said lead researcher Debra Barton of the North
Central Cancer Treatment Group.
Researchers treated 282 cancer patients with a daily dose of
either a placebo or of 750, 1,000 or 2,000 milligrams of Wisconsin
ginseng. They found that treatment with the placebo or the 750-mg dose
caused very little improvement in measures of fatigue or physical or
psychological well-being. Treatment with the higher doses, however, led to
an improvement in overall energy and vitality levels, a decrease in
fatigue and an improvement in overall emotional, mental, physical and
spiritual well-being.
Extreme fatigue is a common symptom among cancer patients, one
that often cannot be remedied by increased rest or sleep.
Ginseng has a long history of use in Asian and indigenous
American cultures. In modern times, it is most often used to increase
energy levels and stamina and to reduce stress or fatigue. It also
reportedly can aid in the treatment of cancer and diabetes and can reduce
obesity risk.
All of these purported benefits have led ginseng to become the
second best-selling herbal supplement in the United States, at $62 million
annually. It has even been incorporated into mainstream energy drinks,
albeit usually in subclinical doses.
Barton shied away from advising cancer patients to take
ginseng supplements. The researchers hope to begin clinical trials by 2008
to find safe ways to incorporate ginseng into cancer treatment.
For full story, please see: http://www.naturalnews.com/023089.html
BACK TO TOP
6. Medicinal plants in USA: Native medicinal herb could become New
Mexico cash crop
Source: El Paso Times, USA, 21 April 2008
Alcalde. Through the centuries, settlers in the Southwest have discovered
the medicinal benefits of the native plant yerba del manso (Anemopsis
californica), commonly called swamp root or lizard-tail. With the
renaissance of medicinal herbs in the United States, a New Mexico State
University agronomist believes the plant could become a cash crop for New
Mexican organic farmers.
A feasibility study conducted by the NMSU College of
Agriculture and Home Economics indicates that some herbs, depending on
market demand, could provide an above average per acre gross income for
small-scale farmers.
Native Americans first introduced the native herb to Spanish
settlers. The Europeans learned that the plant's antiseptic and antibiotic
properties had many uses. One explorer wrote in his dairy, "Of all the
plants we gathered none was endowed with so much magic as the yerba del
manso."
Yerba del manso's benefits have been passed down from
generation to generation. The plant with the large white flower spikes
found in riparian habitats of northern Mexico and the Southwest in the
United States can be used as a remedy for colds, sinus infections, gum
diseases, toothaches, ulcers and upset stomachs.
"Traditionally, people dig up the roots or harvest the crown
of the plant from wild stands in high water table areas, such as river
bosques. But with the riparian areas in New Mexico shrinking because of
urbanization, the habitat for this useful plant is rapidly disappearing,"
Martin said.
Since it has been plentiful and easily available to the
traditional medicinal herb community, it's never been commercialized or
thought of as a commercial crop. But Martin said times are changing.
"Because it is so useful as a medicinal herb and with the growing
medicinal herb market, New Mexico growers have a real advantage at turning
it into a cash crop. It has potential commercial sales outside of the
Southwest. So just imagine the potential market when herbalists on either
coast or in large Midwestern cities discover its benefits."
Since 1998, Martin has worked with the plant to determine how
to transplant the native species into a cultivated environment. His
findings have been published in NMSU's Research Report 758, "Cultivation
of Anemopsis californica under small-scale grower conditions in northern
New Mexico." A copy of the report may be obtained at
http://www.cahe.nmsu.edu/pubs/research/agronomy/RR-758.pdf
Martin anticipates a need for commercial cultivation of this
plant in the future as yerba del manso becomes popular to herbalists.
"With the knowledge we have from this research we hope to avoid what
happened to other popular herbs, such as echinacea, where there was so
much over-harvesting from native stands that the stands were depleted and
became threatened or even endangered."
For full story, please see:
http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_8996664?source=most_emailed
NEWS
36. American Botanical Council announces Peruvian Amazon and Andes
Ethnobotany Ecotour
Source: Market Wire (press release), USA, 11 April 2008
Austin, TX - Two nonprofit educational organizations, the American
Botanical Council (ABC) and the Amazon Center for Environmental Education
and Research (ACEER), have announced their 2008 annual Botanical Medicines
from the Amazon and the Andes workshop tour. This year's trip will take
place September 26th - October 5th, 2008 in various locations in the
Peruvian Amazon rainforest and the Andes mountains, including the famous,
ancient Incan city of Machu Picchu. Continuing education credit is
available for certain healthcare providers.
Amazon activities will focus on the edible and medicinal
plants of the Peruvian Amazon, including visits to markets where local
herbs are sold, explorations of the Inkaterra Field Reserve, the Useful
Plants Trail, and the Garden of Medicinal Plants. A literal highpoint of
the Amazon portion of the trip includes traversing the Inkaterra Canopy
Walkway that soars 100 feet above the forest floor, allowing people to
view plants and animals that dwell in the upper canopy.
Andean activities include a workshop by a traditional Incan
shaman in the sacred Urubamba Valley, the Pisac traditional crafts market,
and the inspiring "lost" mountaintop ruins of Machu Picchu. Each stop of
this trip will focus on the native ethnobotany of the area and ways the
indigenous Inca people traditionally used and currently use local
medicinal plants.
Space for the Peru tour is limited. Full itinerary and
registration forms can be found online at the ABC website:
http://abc.herbalgram.org/site/PageServer?pagename=Ethnobotany_Tours.
ABC published a short article by former ABC Pharmacy intern,
Codi Scarbrough Triesch, sharing her experiences on the trip to Peru a few
years ago. The article can be found at:
http://content.herbalgram.org/abc/herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2902.
Links to photos from last year's ecotour can be seen at:
http://www.stevenfoster.com/photography/subjects.html
For full story, please see:
http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release.do?id=842775
37. Biodiversity key to fighting climate change
Source: Mongabay.com, USA, 29 April 2008
Scientists from Brown University have discovered that an ecosystem's
productivity is directly linked to its diversity of plant species. The
discovery has granted biodiversity new importance in the fight against
climate change: the more productive the ecosystem the more carbon it
captures.
"It's a double whammy," Osvaldo Sala explained. "We not only
are disturbing our planet by putting more carbon into the atmosphere, but
we're reducing the ability of ecosystems to capture and store it." Sala is
the director of the Environmental Change Initiative and the Sloan Lindeman
Professor of Biology at Brown.
The Brown scientists conducted their study for six years in
Patagonia. They divided an area into ninety plots then began to
systematically remove native species from each plot and chart the changes
in the plot's productivity. Productivity dropped as species were removed.
The scientists believe that productivity is linked to the
diversity of species because of "niche complementarity". In other words,
in an intact environment each species has evolved its own niche without
interrupting other species' niches. This harmony between species allows
them to positively interact with each other and fully utilize the
resources of a given space.
In the experiments "the water is the same, the nitrogen is the
same, the sunlight is the same, what is different is the diversity of the
plants," said Sala. Artificial landscapes proved far less productive than
natural ones. According to the paper: "In contrast [with artificial
landscapes] natural ecosystems presented mature individuals, populations,
and species coexisting for long periods of time in natural soils without
chemical treatments and low artificial disturbance regimes."
The findings appear to have important ramifications beyond
plant species, since high biodiversity of plants depends on non-plant
species. Insects, birds, and bats are major pollinators for plant species;
some plant species depend on a single insect or animal species for
pollination. Therefore, to have a truly productive ecosystem all of the
region's biodiversity must be retained.
According to the paper, "this result supports previous
findings and also suggests that the effect of biodiversity in natural
ecosystems may be much larger than currently thought." The findings give
wildlife conservationists a new powerful argument for species protections.
Many biologists believe that we are currently entering a mass extinction,
entitled the Holocene Extinction Event, estimations range from 20-50
percent of species becoming extinct within approximately hundred years.
The reasons are varied for species extinction but include climate change,
habitat loss, pollution, the bush-trade, invasive species, and the
trafficking of species for medicinal products.
Citation: Pedro Flaumbaum and Osvaldo E. Sala (2008). "Higher effect of
plant species diversity on productivity in natural than artificial
ecosystems". Proceedings of the National Academy of Science in the United
States of America, April 22nd 2008.
For full story, please see:
http://news.mongabay.com/2008/0429-hance_biodiv.html
43. World Challenge 2008 (Deadline: 31 May 2008)
Source: Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species,
www.underutilized-species.org
World Challenge is BBC World's global competition for sustainable
enterprise and its back for its fourth season. Once again we're looking to
highlight and reward small businesses or projects that have shown
enterprise and innovation at a grass roots level. We would love to hear
from you about social entrepreneurs who are making a difference without
costing the earth. It could be you or someone you know.
So if you know of an initiative that's making a difference, go
to www.theworldchallenge.co.uk and fill out the simple nomination form.
The 12 best nominees - chosen by a distinguished jury - will
be featured in the 7-part series on BBC World.
For more information, please contact:
The World Challenge team
Saskia Roskam
Assistant to Robert Lamb
One Planet Pictures
20 Eastcastle Street
London W1W 8DB
UK
+44-0790 48 47 207/ 0207 580 1211
www.oneplanetpictures.co.uk
REQUESTS
47. Request for funding: Participatory forest management for herbal
medicinal production in Peru
From: Charles Veitch, Environmental Change Institute, UK
Having finished the first phase of the project in December 2007, a book on
the use and preparation of medicinal plants has been published in four
languages for the use of the communities, and a model management plan has
been made available for others involved in similar work.
The management plan can be downloaded in Spanish ? see
www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/humaneco/peru-medicinal.php
We are currently looking for funding in order to start the
second phase of the project, which will focus on two communities who have
expressed an interest in putting the management plan into practice, and
who have the commitment to establish and run community enterprises for the
sustainable production of medicinal plants.
For more information, please contact:
Charles Veitch at charlesveitch at yahoo.co.uk
LITERATURE REVIEW AND WEB SITES
49. Introducing 'Journal of Medicinal Plant Research (JMPR)'
From: JMPR Medicinal Plants Research [jmpr.acadjourn at gmail.com]
The Journal of Medicinal Plant Research (JMPR) provides rapid publication
(monthly) of articles in all areas of research in Medicinal Plants. The
Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general
criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be
published approximately one month after acceptance. All articles are
peer-reviewed. The following types of papers are considered for
publication:
Original articles in basic and applied research.
Critical reviews, surveys, opinions, commentaries and essays.
Our objective is to inform authors of the decision on their
manuscript(s) within four weeks of submission.
Instruction for authors and other details are available on our
website www.academicjournals.org/jmpr Prospective authors should send
their manuscript(s) to jmpr at academicjournals.org
Open Access
One key request of researchers across the world is unrestricted access to
research publications. JMPR is fully committed Open Access Initiative by
providing free access to all articles (both abstract and full PDF text) as
soon as they are published. We ask you to support this initiative by
publishing your papers in this journal.
Invitation to Review
JMPR is seeking for qualified reviewers as members of the review board
team. JMPR serves as a great resource for researchers and students across
the globe. We ask you to support this initiative by joining our reviewer's
team. If you are interested in serving as a reviewer, kindly send us your
resume to jmpr at academicjournals.org
Publication Alert
We will be glad to send you a publication alert showing the table of
content with link to the various abstracts and full PDF text of articles
published in each issue. Kindly send us an email if you will like to
receive publication alert.
For more information, please contact:
Donatus Owa
Editorial Assistant
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (JMPR)
E-mail: ajbm at academicjournals.org
http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR
BACK TO TOP
50. Quality and adulteration problems in certain raw medicinal
plants of central India
From: Manish Mishra, India, manishm at iifm.ac.in
Recently during the survey of different areas of central India (i.e.
Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh & Maharashtra) it was observed that due to
increasing demand of Ayurvedic medicines & raw materials, the traders as
well as Ayurvedic manufacturers are using substandard medicinal plant
material (raw) to manufacture crude/ bulk medicines. During the survey of
the traders, collectors etc. in Malwa region (Indore, Ratlam, Neemuch) and
Mahakaushal region (Katni, Jabalpur, Seoni) and Nagpur (Vidarbha region),
it was found that peoples are using substandard raw material for making
Ayurvedic medicines. There were no strict rules, policy, Govt. check etc.,
in this regard. Ayurvedic industries are manufacturing huge quantity of
medicines to meet the increasing market demand without considering the
quality. Most of the people involved in the trade are substituting costly
Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivillianum), Baibidang (Emblia ribes), Kali
haldi (Curcuma caesia), Satawar (Asparagus racemosus) etc. with other
similar type of inferior medicinal plants.
Due to lack of correct identification, similar looking plants
are collected from the field site along with the genuine medicinal plant
by mistake. But many times similar looking (inferior) cheap alternatives
are intentionally mixed along with some quantity of genuine plant. This
may be due non-availability of the genuine medicinal plant in the large
quantity. Generally the soil gets adhered with the medicinal plant or its
useful part at the time of collection from the field. This renders the
medicinal plants adulterated by soil. Due to lack of proper post
collection care, the collected medicinal plants loose their pharmaceutical
efficacy. After collection from the field, the medicinal plants are sold
in local markets/middle man, ?mandi? sooner or later. The collected plants
are kept in direct sun/rains, in sub-standard godown, having dust, fungus,
termites and rats etc. which adversely affect the medicinal properties.
It was also observed that the adulterators not only mix
similar species but also cheap and inferior quality produces such as
rotten or substandard products which can be procured at very cheap rates.
Like safed musli being adulterated with lesser priced Asparagus, rotten
aonla powder in triphala, and so on... and as a result, the Ayurvedic
drugs lose their efficacy. Adulteration is taking heavy toll on the
credibility of Ayurvedic system and medicines. The safety and quality of
raw medicinal plant materials and finished products depend on intrinsic
(genetic) or external (environment, collection methods, cultivation,
harvest, post-harvest care, transport and storage practices) factors.
Inadvertent contamination by microbial or chemical agents during any of
the production stages can also lead to deterioration in safety and
quality. Medicinal plants collected from the wild may be contaminated by
other similar looking species or plant parts through misidentification,
accidental contamination or intentional adulteration, all of which may
have undesirable consequences. Taking into consideration to the above
issues, the Indian Institute of Forest Management have started a project
on raw medicinal plant quality, adulteration and related problems in
central India. The research project suggests appropriate ways and means to
combat the problem of adulteration & substitution in selected medicinal
plants. It will also suggest measures to maintain the quality/standards.
(Source: Executive Summary of a recent research & development project on
Quality of raw medicinal plants of central India is initiated at IIFM,
Bhopal. These observations are the part of the on going project conducted
in three markets of central India, in 2007 by Dr. Manish Mishra (Principal
Investigator) and Prof. PC Kotwal, Indian Institute of Forest Management,
Bhopal (M.P), India.)
52. Other publications of interest
From: FAO?s NWFP Programme
Fyhrquist, P. 2007: Traditional medicinal uses and biological activities
of some plant extracts of African Combretum Loefl., Terminalia L., and
Pteleopsis Engl. species (Combretaceae). Doctoral thesis. Helsinki
University Printing House. 183 pp.
Harvey, C.A. and J.C. Saénz (editors). 2008. Evaluación y conservación de
biodiversidad en paisajes fragmentados de Mesoamerica. INBio, Heredia,
Costa Rica. 620 pp.
Laurance, W.F. 2007. Forest destruction in tropical Asia. Curr. Sci.
93(11):1544-1550.
Lenaerts, Marc and Spadafora, Ana María (eds.). 2008. Pueblos indígenas,
plantas y mercados. Amazonía y Gran Chaco. V Congreso CEISAL de
Latinoamericanistas, Bruselas 2007 / Abril 11-14. Zeta Series in
Anthropology & Sociology: 3. ISBN: 978-973-88632-7-9. (Languages: Spanish,
Portuguese & English)
Indigenous people from Amazonia and Gran Chaco are not living apart from
national or international markets, but take part in it according to their
own patterns, which sometimes appear quite surprising. Plants and trees
are their main source of income. It does not mean nevertheless that they
are managed as simple commodities or as mere objects of knowledge. Rather,
they are often viewed as partakers of large relational networks, bringing
together human people as well as animal and vegetal beings: in many cases,
plants and animals are even considered as true Persons. That was the
reason why we decided to organize a symposium with a clear emphasis on
this relational dimension. We present here eight selected papers from this
panel. The topics are diverse, but all of them enlighten how such an
approach opens new ways for the analysis, concerning everyday management
of plants and ethnobotanical knowledge, as well as commoditisation, which
is anything but a question of strictly economic rationality.
Tewari, D.D. 2008. Management of Nontimber Forest Product Resources of
India: An Analysis of Forest Development Corporations. Lucknow,
International Book Distributing Co., 2008, xvi, 152 p., tables, figs.,
$33. ISBN 81-8189-223-2.
In this book, Professor Tewari reviews the management of nontimber forest
products of India under the control of Forest Development Corporations
during the last 30 years or so. Overall, Forest Development Corporations
are not functioning as efficiently as they were expected to do initially.
Most of them are showing losses and depend continually on taxpayers' money
to survive. Thus, there is a need for new institutional innovations. The
author suggests a new approach towards managing this economically
important resource so as to reform the functioning of ailing corporations
in the interest of tribal communities. A cooperative framework, which
entrusts the management of nontimber forest products to the tribal
communities, along with a support price program and effective coordination
of market forces, is recommended for sustainable and socially rewarding
management of nontimber forest products. Thus, a more decentralized
management of nontimber forest products and nationally coordinated
marketing framework is to be developed.
Wadt, L.H.O., Kainer, K.A., Staudhammer, C.L., and Serrano, R.O.P. 2008.
Sustainable forest use Brazilian extractive reserves: natural regeneradon
of Brazil nut in exploited populations. Biol. Conserv. 141(1):332-346.
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