[APWG] FW: Japanese Stiltgrass update
Marc Imlay
ialm at erols.com
Fri Jan 24 08:01:11 CST 2014
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From: Marc Imlay [mailto:ialm at erols.com]
Sent: Friday, January 24, 2014 8:21 AM
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Brenda'; 'Christin Knesel'; 'Christin Knesel'; 'Fredbat at verizon.net';
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Subject: Japanese Stiltgrass update
We all have experienced how Japanese Stiltgrass has become much more
damaging than a decade ago and much harder to control. Notice the photo of
leaf blight, a potential effective and host specific biological control in
the Invader of the Month.
<http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/invader_of_the_month.html#startcontent>
http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/invader_of_the_month.html#startcontent
Researchers are requesting that we all be on the look out for it next Summer
to facilitate research by Bill Bruckart, Luke florey and other researchers
to find a pathogen that has appeared that is specific to Japanese stiltgrass
and is effective. We can alert Master Naturalists, Master Gardeners, &
members of Native Plant Societies. We can put this action on our mid-late
Summer schedules. They can also take symptomatic images with them avalable
at <http://www.florylab.com/photos/> http://www.florylab.com/photos/ when
they are out in the field next Summer.
From: Donna Ford-Werntz dford2 at wvu.edu
Date: Tue, 31 Dec 2013 18:33:31 +0000
To: ialm at erols.com, cath.tucker at gmail.com, maipc at lists.maipc.org,
stiltgrass at gmail.com, William.Bruckart at ARS.USDA.GOV
Subject: RE: [MAIPC] MAIPC Digest (Stiltgrass blight)
Hi all, WVA herbarium has blighted stiltgrass from Wood Co., WV last Sept.
In August, we had been asked to help with a study (contact copied here) who
had posted symptomatic images at <http://www.florylab.com/photos/>
http://www.florylab.com/photos/. Best wishes with your control efforts and
happy new year!
Donna Ford-Werntz, Herbarium Curator
Associate Clinical Professor
Biology Dept., Box 6057
Life Sci. Bldg., 53 Campus Dr.
West Virginia Univ.
Morgantown, WV 26506
304-293-0794; biology.wvu.edu
Japanese stiltgrass
The annual grass Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) can be highly
invasive, especially on disturbed sites, and it is currently widely
distributed in the eastern U.S. In Oak Ridge National Environmental
Research Park, Tennessee, Japanese stiltgrass was ranked the most
aggressively invasive nonnative species, based on distribution, abundance,
relative difficulty of control, and ability to exclude native plant species
(Fryer 2011). Two species of Bipolaris have been described as cause of leaf
spots and necrosis of Japanese stiltgrass in the Eastern U.S.; some evidence
is that disease may be suppressing local populations. Host range of these
species has not been fully tested, although limited symptom development was
reported on a few important grass (grain) species in artificial tests
(Kleczewski et al. 2012). Research is on-going about this pathogen(s), its
host, and the potential for use in biological control of Japanese
stiltgrass. If you see leaf blight on Japanese stiltgrass during the growing
season please contact work group member William L. Bruckart, III.
William L. Bruckart III
USDA, ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit (FDWSRU)
1301 Ditto Ave.
Ft. Detrick, MD 21702
Phone: 301/619-2846
Fax: 301/619-2880
<mailto:william.bruckart at ars.usda.gov> william.bruckart at ars.usda.gov
mai
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January 1, 2014
Contact: Marc Imlay
Chairperson of the bio-control working group of Mid-Atlantic Invasive Plant
Council.
The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission.
(301) 442-5657 cell
ialm at erols.com
Biocontrols are January Invader Topic of the Month
ANNAPOLIS , MD (January 1, 2014)
<http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/images/stiltgrass.jpg>
Japanese Stiltgrass showing fungal leaf blight
Photo Credit: William L. Bruckart III
USDA, ARS, FDWSRU
Biocontrols: Control Them Beyond Where We Cut, Pull and Spray
Biological Controls of non-native invasive plant species
Our tool kit for successful control of non-native invasive plants includes
preventing new invasive species from coming in from Europe, Asia, and other
continents; manual removal, the use of carefully targeted herbicides, and
host specific biological controls. Classical biological control involves the
importation and release of host-specific natural enemies to help regulate
pest populations. This strategy is usually used for invasive non-native
species that lack effective natural enemies in the region where they have
been introduced. In order to avoid direct damage to non-target species,
biological control agents must be highly host specific. Agents are brought
over after being tested or reviewed for host specificity in their native
range and then tested in quarantine conditions in the United States. They
are only approved for release if testing indicates a very low likelihood of
non-target effects, as determined by the Technical Advisory Group for
Biological Control Agents of Weeds (TAG), a group of experts that report to
USDA-APHIS. Effectiveness of classical biological control can vary, but of
49 invasive plant projects considered in a recent review (Van Driesche et
al. 2010), 27% (13) achieved complete control, 33% (16) provided partial
control, and 49% (24) were still in progress. The problem of bio-controls
harming non-target organisms was reported to be only about 3% as frequent as
before the new rules of proving host specificity went into effect.
For two of the most important invasive plant species requiring control in
Mid-Atlantic natural areas, purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), and
mile-a-minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata), one or more host-specific insect
species have been tested and received permits for release. Three other
invasive plant species have had extensive studies conducted on host-specific
insects, with petitions for release submitted to TAG, but with proposed
releases still under review (TAG Petitions, 2013). These plant species and
associated insects are garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), the crown-mining
weevil (Ceutorhynchus scrobicollis); Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica),
the psyllid Aphalara itadori; and tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima), the
weevil Eucryptorrhynchus brandti.
For some species, biocontrols may already exist in the U.S. in the form of
native insects and pathogens that have adapted to the invasive species over
time, or non-native species that were accidentally introduced.
Species updates with references for 18 non-native terrestrial and aquatic
invasive species are available in the MAIPC Biocontrol Work Group document
http://www.maipc.org/MAIPC_BiocontrolWG_Dec18.doc
One example is.
European Water Chestnut
European water chestnut (Trapa natans) is an invasive aquatic plant native
to Europe and Asia. It was first observed in the United States in
Massachusetts in the late 1800s. Its current distribution is the
mid-Atlantic and northeastern U.S., with the most serious problems being
reported for the Connecticut River valley, Lake Champlain region, Hudson
River, Potomac River and the upper Delaware River (Swearingen et al. 2010).
This species can form dense floating mats, and its sharp fruits can cause
painful wounds, making control efforts a challenge. The most promising
species for biological control is Galerucella birmanica, a leaf beetle (Ding
et al. 2006, 2007), but so far no petitions have been submitted to TAG.
For more information on this and other invasive species in Maryland, visit
the Maryland Invasive Species Council at http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/
For more information about Invasive Species of Concern in Maryland, visit
<http://www.mdinvasivesp.org> www.mdinvasivesp.org
photo available electronically on request.
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Biological control updates with references, research contacts, and resources
for 18 Mid-Atlantic non-native terrestrial and aquatic invasive species are
available in this MAIPC Biocontrol Work Group document on our MAIPC web
site.
<http://www.maipc.org/> http://www.maipc.org/
<http://www.maipc.org/MAIPC_BiocontrolWG_Dec18.doc>
http://www.maipc.org/MAIPC_BiocontrolWG_Dec18.doc
At a workshop it was estimated that for ~30 percent of the invasive plant
species there is an effective, host specific, biological control if we do
the research that will make host specific biological controls available. One
example is Japanese Stiltgrass. The update covers curent work on biologial
controls. New work could include work in China on the 3 Asiatic species of
rust that current literature indicates are pathogens only on the genus
Microstegium,
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