[APWG] Japanese honeysuckle literature

[Cleary, Ruark]

If you just want to know about killing it, there's this from the TNC Element
Stewardship Abstract (tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/esadocs/documnts/lonijap.html -
although I could not connect to this link and had to pull the cached copy):

The evergreen and semi-evergreen nature of Lonicera japonica allows
application of herbicides when many native species are dormant. Timing of
application is critical to effectiveness; in general, applying herbicide
shortly after the first killing frost, and before the first hard frost (ca.
-4.0oC) is most effective. Herbicide effectiveness can be reduced in areas
where large stones or fallen logs protect root crowns from soil-active
herbicides (Miller 1985) or where overtopping vegetation intercepts foliar
herbicides (Faulkner et al. 1989). Many herbicides produce a short-term
reduction in foliar coverage, but do not kill the plant and buds left
undamaged by the herbicide can produce new growth that often exceeds growth
from untreated plants within a year (Prine and Starr 1971). A foliar
application of 1.5% glyphosate shortly after the first frost appears to be
the most effective treatment. Treated plants should be re-examined at the end
of the second growing season, as plants can recover from herbicide
application (McLemore 1981). 

GLYPHOSATE (brand names include: Roundup, Rodeo, Accord)

* October applications of 0.75% and 1.5% v/v glyphosate killed 99% of treated
Lonicera japonica within six months in Delaware, and few plants resprouted
within 30 months of treatment (Regehr and Frey 1988). The two application
rates were equally effective. The same experiment conducted in December
resulted in 68% mortality at the lower concentration, and 86% mortality at
the higher concentration, and regrowth from buds was much greater than in
plants treated in October. The authors concluded that timing of application
was critical; applying glyphosate within 2 days of the first frost resulted
in very high mortality. After the first frost, higher concentrations of
glyphosate were needed to achieve somewhat lower mortality. Defoliation after
glyphosate treatment was very slow; only 5-15% of leaves were gone one month
after treatment, although 78-90% of stems were dead.

* A mid-August application of 2.2 kg/ha glyphosate controlled 83% of actively
growing Lonicera japonica in North Carolina; control was reduced under
drought conditions (Younce and Skroch 1989). Glyphosate (2 lb active
ingredient/gal) at 1 to 1.5 gallons/acre controlled "most" Lonicera japonica
in Alabama (Miller 1985). 

* In Arkansas, a 6.72 kg active ingredient/ha application resulted in 85%
control after one growing season, and 80% control after two growing seasons
(McLemore 1981). Lower application rates were less effective two years after
treatment.

* Effectiveness of glyphosate increased linearly with increasing herbicide
concentration (0.48-4.8% w/w), but no concentration gave complete control
with one application; repeated treatment with 4.8% glyphosate produced
complete shoot necrosis in only 50% of plants (Ahrens and Pill 1985).

* Efficacy of glyphosate was not increased by addition of surfactants (Younce
and Skroch 1989, Regehr and Frey 1988).
-----

The ESA goes on to discuss other herbicides, but none are as effective as
glyphosate.

We prefer a foliar application of either a) 2-3% glyphosate or, b) 1.5-2%
glyphosate + 1 oz/gal metsulfuron-methyl, e.g. 2 gal Roundup, 2 oz Escort, in
a 100 gal tank mix. (Depending upon, of course, your state restrictions --
The label is the law!) The actual mix used is a matter of contractor
preference, but all contractors are required to achieve a minimum 95% control
of targeted species.

Cheers,

Ruark L. "Rook" Cleary
Upland Weeds Program
Bureau of Invasive Plant Management
3900 Commonwealth Blvd, MS 705
Tallahassee, Florida  32399-3000
ruark.cleary at dep.state.fl.us
Office: 850-245-2809 x4828
SunCom 205-2809, Fax 850-245-2835
<http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec/index.htm>

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-----Original Message-----
From: APWG-bounces at lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:APWG-bounces at lists.plantconservation.org]On Behalf Of
Jason.Weese at ky.gov
Sent: Friday, September 03, 2004 4:31 PM
To: APWG at lists.plantconservation.org
Subject: [APWG] Japanese honeysuckle literature

Hello,

I've been doing a lit-search on Japanese honeysuckle control and haven't
found an enormous amount in peer-reviewed journals, just management
recommendations.  Is anybody aware of anything published on herbicide
effectiveness, etc? 

Thanks,

Zeb Weese
Park Naturalist
Natural Bridge State Resort Park
2135 Natural Bridge Rd.
Slade, KY  40376
ph: 1-606-663-2214, ext 2104     fax: 1-606-663-5037

http://parks.ky.gov/natbridg.htm