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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Hi Gayle,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I suggest you store your Sphaeralcea in paper bags in the refrigerator until you send them to Bend.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Sphaeralcea seeds can have true hard-seededness (absolute resistance to imbibition) and often do need scarification prior to germination, however you should
not do this until you are ready to plant the seeds. Please do not do this before they are sent to Bend. Not only will you immediately reduce viability, you will reduce longevity of seeds that are not killed outright. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Scarification of Sphaeralcea is very difficult to do without doing lethal damage. The smaller they are, the worse this is. If you experiment with this, I
suggest using a microscope to see what kind of abrasions or chips you are making. You might also want to cut some open to understand how the embryo is oriented within the seed. If you have to clip to induce imbibition, do so on the cotyledon end as far
away from the radicle as possible. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Some have used hot water scarification, but this is only minimally effective. Acid scarification is also not recommended because you risk over scarifying
(thus killing the seeds) or underscarifying. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I hope this helps.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Annette Miller<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">USDA/ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">(formerly National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">1111 South Mason St.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Fort Collins, CO 80521-4500<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">phone: 970-492-7552
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">email:
<a href="mailto:Annette.Miller@ars.usda.gov" target="_blank"><span style="color:blue">Annette.Miller@ars.usda.gov</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> SOS [mailto:sos-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Tyree, Gayle<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, August 23, 2016 8:38 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> SOS@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [SOS-PCA] Advice on storage of Sphaeralcea coccinea<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hello all, <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">One of our collection species this year was Sphaeralcea coccinea. This species is in high demand by the reclamation staff at our field office, so we ended up collecting seed additional to the 20,000 for our official collection. The seed
has been in dry storage at our office for a month while we wait for funding to send it to the facility at Bend. However, I want to make sure that we are storing the seed properly, so that we do not compromise its viability. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">The seed was collected in mid-July of this year and has since been stored in paper bags at room temperature (~70 degrees Fahrenheit). To anyone's knowledge, does this species require any kind of stratification, cold storage, or scarification
to maximize germination success? <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thank you!<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Gayle Tyree<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Rawlins BLM SOS Intern <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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