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Abstract:<br>
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<div>Most flowering plants, including wild species and many food crops, are pollinated by animals and are vital, therefore, for biological production and the maintenance of biodiversity. Pollinators benefit from diverse natural habitats for forage and nesting,
especially when these are limited in plant production systems. Landscape and forest management practices can help ensure the continued availability of pollinators and thereby increase resilience and the productivity of forestry and agriculture. The extent
of forests and other natural habitats in a landscape plays a role in determining the species composition of pollinators. Agricultural landscapes adjoining fragmented forests and natural areas benefit from pollinator services, and animal-pollinated crops therefore
achieve higher fruit set.<br>
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<div>Forest management practices can have significant effects on pollinator abundance and diversity. They affect forest variables such as structure, species composition, soil dynamics, hydrology and light availability, all of which can affect pollinator species
composition and diversity and plant–pollinator networks. Indigenous and local knowledge can contribute to the conservation of pollinators through traditional management practices.<br>
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<span>This working paper, which is aimed at forest practitioners, landscape planners and land-use decision-makers, reviews published literature on the impacts of forest and landscape management practices on pollinators. It also addresses the implications of
climate change, collates 36 case studies, and makes recommendation on measures for maintaining pollinator diversity and abundance in forests and landscapes.</span><br>
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<span style="margin: 0px">Citation:</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">Krishnan, S., Wiederkehr Guerra, G., Bertrand, D., Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S. and Kettle, C.J. 2020. The pollination services of forests – A review of forest and landscape interventions to enhance their cross-sectoral benefits. Forestry
Working Paper No. 15. Rome, FAO & Bioversity International.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">36 case studies:</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">Case studies 1–10 illustrate the impacts of landscape-scale changes and management on forest pollinators and pollination services. Case studies 11 and 12 address the implications of climate change for pollinators. Case studies 13–31
illustrate the impacts of forest management on pollinators and pollination services; case studies 32–36 address a subset of forest management pertaining to the role of pollination in the production and management of NWFPs.<span> </span><br>
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<div style="margin: 0px"><span style="margin: 0px">Several case studies focus on U.S. systems or are included in global syntheses:</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px"><span style="margin: 0px">(2) VERMONT - Influence of land use and land cover on bumblebee assemblages in Vermont, United States of America</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">(14) IDAHO - <span style="margin: 0px">Benefits of tree mortality caused by a natural disturbance event on bee<br>
</span><span style="margin: 0px">communities in Idaho, United States of America</span></span></div>
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(16) OREGON - Soil-nesting bees benefit from the removal of above-ground organic matter following timber harvest in coniferous forests, United States of America</div>
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(17) NORTH CAROLINA - The importance of ecotones in logged forests in providing nesting and forage resources for bees in North Carolina, United States of America</div>
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(19) MASSACHUSETTS - Forest openings increase bee abundance and diversity in Massachusetts, United States of America, but the response is guild-specific</div>
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(21) MONTANA - Benefits of post-fire salvage logging for floral and bee communities in Montana, United States of America</div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">(22)<span> </span><span style="margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important">NORTH CAROLINA<span style="margin: 0px"> </span></span>- Effect of repeated prescribed fire and thinning on pollinators in
temperate forests of North Carolina, United States of America</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">(23) NEW HAMPSHIRE - Mowing and fire benefit bees in New Hampshire, United States of America</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">(24) GLOBAL - A global synthesis of fire effects on pollinators</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">(27) OREGON - Diet overlap in bees and ungulates in Oregon, United States of America</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">(30) CALIFORNIA & OREGON - Role of acrocerid fly in maintaining wild iris population</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px">(35) GLOBAL - Impacts of the loss of keystone species and the unsustainable use of tree species related to non-wood forest products</span></div>
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Full report: <a href="http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca9433en" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca9433en</a></div>
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A summary of the report by FAO is at:</div>
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Forests are critical for promoting pollination in agriculture and biodiversity, says FAO report<br>
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<a href="http://www.fao.org/news/story/it/item/1279710/icode/" style="margin: 0px">http://www.fao.org/news/story/it/item/1279710/icode/</a></div>
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See also, a related OpEd:</div>
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Forests and Pollinators – Close Companions with a Shared Destiny<br>
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<span style="margin: 0px">By SHEILA WERTZ-KANOUNNIKOFF</span><br>
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<div style="margin: 0px">Senior Forestry Officer, Forestry Policy and Resources Division, FAO<br>
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<span style="margin: 0px">9 June 2020</span></div>
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Full story: <a href="http://sdg.iisd.org/commentary/guest-articles/forests-and-pollinators-close-companions-with-a-shared-destiny/" id="LPNoLP339357">http://sdg.iisd.org/commentary/guest-articles/forests-and-pollinators-close-companions-with-a-shared-destiny/</a></div>
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