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<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">EPA would like to identify members of the scientific community who could provide (in the near future) information and/or literature references about at-risk plant species or
about plant communities that can support sensitive and/or at-risk insect species in the vicinity of the juncture of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri. The information will be used to inform plant selection for revegetation of a Superfund site located in that
area of the Midwest. </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">EPA would like to select plant species or plant community assemblages native to that area that can
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Tolerate relatively high metal (especially zinc and lead) concentrations in soil;
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Help restore healthy soil and plant communities by fixing nitrogen, providing soil organic carbon, and/or supporting beneficial microbial communities;
and <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Serve as larval host or adult food plants, or create habitat that benefits insect species that include
<o:p></o:p></span>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Pollinators (bees, wasps, beetles, butterflies, moths, flower flies and other Diptera, etc.);<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Insect predators of pest species (predatory beetles and stink bugs, mantises, dragonflies, parasitoid wasps, etc.);<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">The insect prey of sensitive or at-risk non-insect consumers (bats, birds, amphibians, reptiles, etc.), and
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">At-risk insect species not yet on federal or state lists for species-of-concern (such as the migratory monarch butterfly, various bumblebee
species, etc.).<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
</li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Shruti-Bold",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">EPA is planning revegetation efforts for portions of the Tar Creek Superfund Site located in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. The site is a
former lead and zinc mining area and consists of the Oklahoma portion of the Tri‐State Mining District of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri. The site is approximately 40 square miles in size and includes those areas of Ottawa County where lead and zinc mining
activities occurred or where a hazardous substance from mining or milling was stored or disposed.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><img width="255" height="212" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image002.jpg@01D06E1D.2FB851A0"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">The mining area principally includes the communities of Picher, Cardin, Commerce, Quapaw, and North Miami. As a result of the mining
and milling operations, large quantities of mining wastes were deposited on the surface in piles (coarse tailings known as “chat”), and large “ponds” (now dry) filled with fine tailings. These features are scattered throughout the 40-sq.mi. area that is sparsely
populated and used primarily for agriculture and pasture. Property ownership is either Tribal or non‐Tribal, or a combination of both.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">The EPA will be addressing materials that contain chemicals of concern (cadmium, lead, and zinc) at levels that could result in unacceptable
risk to human health and the environment. Cleanup will include soil disturbance. After cleanup is complete, EPA will be managing revegetation of portions of the 40-sq.mi. area.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">To design the scope of revegetation, EPA would like to include consideration of native plants that can restore soil fertility and provide
wildlife habitat. EPA would appreciate any information the scientific community can provide to guide these efforts. Individuals or institutions wishing to provide advice or identify relevant literature may contact Deana Crumbling, environmental scientist with
the USEPA Superfund Program in Washington, DC, to identify themselves. Office phone = 703-603-0643; office email = crumbling.deana@epa.gov.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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