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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Matt Gocke [mailto:mhgocke@gmail.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 05, 2015 10:28 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Randall, John L<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Question about Gymnocladus dioicus<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Question number 1)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Michael Dirr says <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Seed ripens in October, but hang on tree through winter; good crops produced alternately or on three year cycles; takes 4 to 8 years from seed before trees fruit.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Question number 2)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/kentucky_coffeetree.html">http://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/kentucky_coffeetree.html</a> says...<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Kentucky coffee tree grows on a wide variety of sites and soils. It prefers rich, moist soils in floodplains, terraces, ravines, coves, and lower slopes. Its most common associates include maples, <a href="http://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/ashes.html"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">ashes</span></strong></a>, <a href="http://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/hackberry.html"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">hackberry</span></strong></a>, <a href="http://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/black_walnut.html"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">black
walnut</span></strong></a>,<a href="http://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/butternut.html"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">butternut</span></strong></a>, <a href="http://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/honeylocust.html"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">honeylocust</span></strong></a>,
and <a href="http://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/bitternut_hickory.html"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">bitternut hickory</span></strong></a>. On better sites, its growth rate is moderate (1 to 2 feet per year).
Kentucky coffee tree is only moderately tolerant of shade and requires openings for successful regeneration. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">It moderately growth rate when young. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Dirr says...<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Slow to medium, growing 12 to 14<span class="s3">′</span> over a 10 year period.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Additional thoughts <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Does best in gaps. Grows wide and is suggested as a good tree for open spaces. I would think you would want to give each individual some space. That said I have never seen it in the wild so I am not sure how well
it does in tighter spacing and with a mix of species.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Hope this helps.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Matt G<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
Sent from my iPhone<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> native-plants [mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Snyder, Eric (MNRF)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 05, 2015 3:20 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [PCA] Question about Gymnocladus dioicus<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">I have two questions for anyone who has experience either monitoring or cultivating Kentucky Coffee-Tree (<i>Gymnocladus dioicus</i>):<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-CA">At approximately what age, or within what age range, do trees become sexually mature?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-CA">How far from competing vegetation must a tree be planted in order for it to be considered “free to grow,” i.e. free from competition?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-CA">Gymnocladus dioicus</span></i><span lang="EN-CA"> is listed as threatened in Ontario, Canada. The answers provided to the above questions will be used to inform “overall benefit” conditions in an authorization under
Ontario’s <i>Endangered Species Act</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Thank you for any insights you can offer. Kind regards …<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Eric<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">Eric Snyder | Plant Species at Risk Specialist | Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry – Species at Risk Branch<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">
</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">2nd Floor South, 300 Water St., Peterborough, Ontario K9J 8M5 |</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">
</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">(</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA"> (705) 755-5645 |</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">
</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Wingdings 2";color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">6</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">
</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">(705) 755-5483 |
</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">8</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">
</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA"><a href="mailto:eric.snyder@ontario.ca">eric.snyder@ontario.ca</a> |</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">
</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Webdings;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">þ</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">
<a href="http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca">www.mnr.gov.on.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;color:#993366;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA"> “If it had been expended solely upon the plants which are grown to please the eye, or which invite us by their nutrimental properties,
this laborious research on the part of the ancients would not have been so surprising; but in addition to this, we find them climbing by devious tracts to the very summit of mountains, penetrating to the very heart of wilds and deserts, and searching into
every vein and fibre of the earth-and all this, to discover the hidden virtues of every root, the properties of the leaf of every plant, and the various purposes to which they might be applied.” – Gaius Plinius Secundus, c. 77A.D.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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