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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calisto MT","serif";color:#37441C'>One point that might be mentioned in regard to the Natives is that most native species, even when aggressive, usually have some beneficial points for the ecology of the area. Poison ivy for instance while not a delight to most people is a good food source for many birds…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calisto MT","serif";color:#37441C'>Also I have seen research in recent years that indicated that the increased Carbon Dioxide levels have encouraged Poison Ivy (and likely some other plants) to grow more aggressively. (interesting, huh!) Years ago I rarely saw it growing in any fashion that I’d have considered aggressive or invasively but the last few years I have seen areas where I felt uncomfortably that it was taking over…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calisto MT","serif";color:#37441C'>Michele<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calisto MT","serif";color:#37441C'>Michele Fletcher, VSLD, VCH<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:#37441C'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:#37441C'><img width=28 height=28 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01CD85C8.8BD79FD0" alt="FB logo 275349049192398_1311670354"></span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";color:black'>Share the Knowledge: LIKE </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>Michele Fletcher Landscape Designs<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#37441C'><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Michele-Fletcher-Landscape-Designs/230948441558"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif"'>https://www.facebook.com/pages/Michele-Fletcher-Landscape-Designs/230948441558</span></a></span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";color:black'>For more helpful Design information. Visit and LIKE </span><b><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>Virginia Society of Landscape Designers </span></i></b><span style='font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";color:black'> on <b>Facebook</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#37441C'><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Virginia-Society-of-Landscape-Designers/251805784884503"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif"'>https://www.facebook.com/pages/Virginia-Society-of-Landscape-Designers/251805784884503</span></a></span><b><span style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:#37441C'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#37441C'><img border=0 width=95 height=54 id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image002.jpg@01CD85C8.8BD79FD0" alt="pmp_logo"></span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calisto MT","serif";color:#37441C'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calisto MT","serif";color:#37441C'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calisto MT","serif";color:#37441C'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org [mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Robert Layton Beyfuss<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 27, 2012 9:28 AM<br><b>To:</b> Katy Cummings; native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [PCA] Native Phragmites Data<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Hi All<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I am a bit confused and hope you can enlighten me. I thought that the basic definition of an invasive plant was that it had to be exotic. There are many native plants that create almost solid monocultures such as common goldenrod yet can it be “undesirable” at any density? . Poison ivy can overrun entire areas but I have never seen it listed as invasive. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Bob <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> <a href="mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a> [<a href="mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Katy Cummings<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 20, 2012 9:28 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> [PCA] Native Phragmites Data<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'>Fellow Conservationists-<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'>I work for The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in Door County, WI. My main project this summer has been mapping exotic and native stands of Phragmites (<i>Phragmites australis</i> and <i>Phragmites australis americanus</i>) throughout TNC properties in Door County. I have some questions and experiences to share with you as our organization tries to learn more about the native/exotic Phragmites issue. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'>We all know what havoc the exotic Phragmites subspecies can wreak on an ecosystem, but do we know anything about the native subspecies? <b>Is there any research out there showing that the native Phragmites can behave as aggressively as the exotic? </b>In Door County, the native usually grows in scattered to moderate densities along with other wetland plants, with a few patches showing denser concentrations. There are a few areas where the native has reached undesirable “dense” concentrations, but as of yet we don’t know why.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'><b>What other plants are associated with the native Phragmites?</b> TNC will be setting up monitoring plots soon on some of our native patches, and when we get that data I’ll send it to any interested people from this list. The only list I’ve been able to find is from a chapter by Laura Meyerson et al. in “Invasions in North American Salt Marshes” entitled “Phragmites australis in Eastern North America: A Historical and Ecological Perspective”. Does anyone know of other lists from different regions of the U.S.?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'><b>Are there any patterns to where native Phragmites is found? </b>During my mapping of the plant in Door County, I’ve generally found native Phragmites set back from the edge of waterways and growing in more marshy areas.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'><b>What have you all seen as far as size of patches, number of patches, location, rate of spread, etc. of the native Phragmites in your area? </b>Most of the wetlands in Door County are fed by alkaline ground water discharge as a result of movement through the underlying dolomitic bedrock. I assume that because of these alkaline conditions we have a higher population of native Phragmites than perhaps other regions of the Midwest. Is this true? <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'>To help answer these questions, The Nature Conservancy’s Door Peninsula office has temporarily halted eradication measures of native lineages of <i>Phragmites</i>. We are in the process of developing long-term monitoring plots in native <i>Phragmites </i>stands throughout Nature Conservancy holdings in Door County, WI. The goals of this monitoring project will be to assess the following questions:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><i>1.</i><i><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span></i>Under what conditions do native stands become aggressive?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><i>2.</i><i><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span></i>At what threshold is a native stand damaging to the community? <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><i>3.</i><i><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span></i>What plants are commonly associated with native <i>Phragmites </i>in the Great Lakes region?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'>If you are interested, I can send you a more detailed methodology for our monitoring project, including what parameters we will be sampling. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'>As an additional note, I’d encourage people to mention there is a native variety of Phragmites and differentiate between the two strains in any publications or documents.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'>I look forward to your input!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'>Thanks again,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto'>Katy Cummings<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><a href="mailto:katy.e.cummings@gmail.com">katy.e.cummings@gmail.com</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br clear=all><br>-- <br>Katherine E. Cummings<br>Door Peninsula Conservation Intern<br>The Nature Conservancy<br>Sturgeon Bay, WI<o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=1 width="100%" noshade style='color:#A0A0A0' align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>No virus found in this message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href="http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2012.0.2197 / Virus Database: 2437/5227 - Release Date: 08/27/12<o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>