<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">I'd like to provide you with a synopsis
of federal native plant policies that I pulled together recently - based
in part on discussions that were had over this list and the MPWG list and
thanks to our many knowledgeable PCA members. This is not intended
to be the absolute final word on the issue - it's a work in progress, but
here is what I've found thus far. Please feel free to add to this
list.</font>
<br>
<ul>
<li><font size=3 face="Arial"><b>Definition of native</b></font></ul>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">><b>The Plant Conservation Alliance </b>(PCA)
recommends that "native species" be defined "from a regional
(geographic) perspective." </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">>>For example, the following information
is provided regarding Maryland's natives, see: <http://www.nps.gov/plants/pubs/nativesMD/info.htm>.
As part of PCA's Native Plant Materials Development program (NPMD,
<http://www.nps.gov/plants/sos/>), PCA is working to develop "seed
transfer zones" that can be used as a guideline for choosing ecologically
appropriate plant material. </font>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">><b>FWS</b></font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">>>As far as I have been able to find,
we have no specific language on what is native with regard to CITES or
to endangered species.</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">>>Refuges define native as follows:</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">---"E. Native. With respect to a particular
ecosystem, a species that, other than as a result of an introduction, historically
occurred or currently occurs in that ecosystem. " (601 FW 3
Biological Integrity, Diversity, and Environmental Health)</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">>>With regard to habitat restoration,
refuge policies are as follows. It's unclear from this language whether
there is any specific guidance as to whether restoration on refuges should
entail the use of native plant species or if there is any guidance
to use native plants for areas that are "managed for wildlife.":</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">---"E. Invasive Species. Invasive species
are alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic
or environmental harm, or harm to human health. Alien species, or nonindigenous
species, are species that are not native to a particular ecosystem. We
are prohibited by Executive Order, law, and policy from authorizing, funding,
or carrying out actions that are likely to cause or promote the introduction
or spread of invasive species in the United States or elsewhere."
(From 620 FW 1, Habitat Management Plans)</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">---"1.7 What guiding principles should
I use to develop HMPs and AHWPs? G. Manage invasive species to improve
or stabilize biotic communities to minimize unacceptable change to ecosystem
structure and function and prevent new and expanded infestations of invasive
species. Conduct refuge habitat management activities to prevent, control,
or eradicate invasive species using techniques described through an integrated
pest management plan, or other similar management plan, which comprehensively
evaluates all potential integrated management options including defining
threshold/risk levels that will initiate the implementation of proposed
management actions. Evaluate native habitat management activities with
respect to their potential to accidentally introduce or increase the spread
of invasive species and modify our habitat management operations to prevent
increasing invasive species populations. Refuge integrated pest management
planning will address the abilities and limitations of potential techniques
including chemical, biological, mechanical, and cultural techniques. We
manage invasive species on refuges under the guidance of the National Strategy
for Invasive Species Management and within the context of applicable policy."
(From 620 FW 1, Habitat Management Plans)</font>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">><b>BLM:</b></font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">>>The definition in the BLM Manual,
Section 1745, of native species (including plants) is: "All species
of plants and animals naturally occurring, either presently or historically,
in any ecosystem of the United States" (taken from EO 11987). </font>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">><b>Forest Service:</b></font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">>>“All indigenous, terrestrial, and
aquatic plant species that evolved naturally in an ecosystem." (FSM
2070.5)<br>
>>The original notice is available at: <http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/pdf/E6-8136.pdf>.
The comment period was extended until August 24.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">><b>National Park Service:</b></font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">>>“Native species” are defined as
all species that have occurred or now occur as a result of natural processes
on lands designated as units of the national park system. Native species
in a place are evolving in concert with each other. “Exotic species”
are those species that occupy or could occupy park lands directly or indirectly
as the result of deliberate or accidental human activities. Exotic species
are also commonly referred to as non- native, alien, or invasive species.
Because an exotic species did<br>
not evolve in concert with the species native to the place, the exotic
species is not a natural component of the natural ecosystem at that place.
(4.4.1.3 Definition of Native and Exotic Species:)</font>
<br>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Patricia S. De Angelis, Ph.D.<br>
Botanist - Division of Scientific Authority<br>
Chair - Plant Conservation Alliance - Medicinal Plant Working Group<br>
US Fish & Wildlife Service<br>
4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 750<br>
Arlington, VA 22203<br>
703-358-1708 x1753<br>
FAX: 703-358-2276<br>
Working for the conservation and sustainable use of our green natural resources.<br>
<www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal><br>
</font>
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<table width=100%>
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<td width=40%><font size=1 face="sans-serif"><b>"Emily Roberson"
<emilyr@plantsocieties.org></b> </font>
<br><font size=1 face="sans-serif">Sent by: native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</font>
<p><font size=1 face="sans-serif">08/16/2006 05:07 PM</font>
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<td bgcolor=white>
<div align=center><font size=1 face="sans-serif">Please respond to<br>
emilyr@plantsocieties.org</font></div></table>
<br>
<td width=59%>
<table width=100%>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<div align=right><font size=1 face="sans-serif">To</font></div>
<td><font size=1 face="sans-serif">"Emily Roberson" <emilyr@plantsocieties.org></font>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<div align=right><font size=1 face="sans-serif">cc</font></div>
<td>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<div align=right><font size=1 face="sans-serif">Subject</font></div>
<td><font size=1 face="sans-serif">[PCA] Center For Biological Diversity
NPCC News: Park Service policy on use
of natives</font></table>
<br>
<table>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<td></table>
<br></table>
<br>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=4 face="Tahoma"><b>Center for Biological Diversity</b></font>
<br><font size=4 face="Tahoma"><b>**</b><i>NATIVE PLANT CONSERVATION CAMPAIGN
NEWS</i><b> **</b></font>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">ÏËÒËÏËÒËÏËÒËÏËÒËÏËÏËÒËÏËÒËÏËÒËÏËÒ</font></div>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"> </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"> </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">A National Park Service ecologist was kind
enough to send in a correction to the alert regarding federal policies
on use of native plants in revegetation projects. The Forest Service is
not the first federal agency to have a national native plant policy. The
National Park Service already has one. See below.</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"> </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">The Park Service guidance regarding “appropriate”
plant materials for reveg/rehabitation projects is very interesting and
might make a useful part of Forest Service definition of “genetically
appropriate” </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"> </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"><b>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</b></font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"> </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">Forwarded Correction: </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">A small correction on your statement that
USFS is the first agency to have</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">a native plant policy. It has been
the nationwide policy of the National</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">Park Service to use native plants/ genetic
material for many years.</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"> </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">National Park Service Management Policies
(2001, the current policy) is</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">very clear on this issue in many places,
but the most concise reference is:</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">4.4.2.4.....<br>
</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">"Landscape revegetation efforts will
use seeds, cuttings, or</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">transplants representing species and gene
pools native to the ecological</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">portion of the park in which the restoration
project is occurring".</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">Other places in the policies support this
in discussions of management of</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">exotics, cultural landscape restoration,
and genetic resource management</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">principles.”</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"> </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">NOTE: NPCC welcomes corrections, comments
and criticisms of our positions and alerts. Thanks to all who have helped
out in this way! Keep them coming!</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"> </font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">Emily</font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma"> </font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">____________________________</font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">Emily B. Roberson, Ph.D.</font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">Director</font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">Native Plant Conservation
Campaign</font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">A Program of the Center for
Biological Diversity</font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma"> </font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">PMB 151 (not p.o.b) </font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">1459 18th St. </font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">San Francisco, CA 94107</font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">Phone: 415 970 0394 </font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma"> </font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">Email: </font><a href=eroberson@biologicaldiversity.org><font size=3 color=blue face="Tahoma"><u>eroberson@biologicaldiversity.org</u></font></a><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">
</font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">Web: </font><a href=http://www.plantsocieties.org/><font size=3 color=blue face="Tahoma"><u>http://www.plantsocieties.org
</u></font></a>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">
</font><a href=www.biologicaldiversity.org><font size=3 color=blue face="Tahoma"><u>www.biologicaldiversity.org</u></font></a><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">
</font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma"> </font>
<br><font size=3 color=#800080 face="Tahoma">The mission of the NPCC is
to promote appreciation and conservation of native plant species and communities
through collaboration, education, law, policy, land use and management.</font>
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