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<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>The line between "native" and
"invasive" can sometimes get blurry. As one example, consider <st1:place
w:st="on"><i><span style='font-style:italic'>Rosa</span></i></st1:place><i><span
style='font-style:italic'> rugosa</span></i> Thunb. It is native to <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Japan</st1:country-region>, and was imported into <st1:place w:st="on">New
England</st1:place> as an exotic garden plant about 150 years ago. Since
then, it has escaped from cultivation and established itself so thoroughly
along beaches in <st1:place w:st="on">New England</st1:place> that it is
considered by most people to be part of the native flora, since no one living
today has any memory of a time when it wasn’t present in abundance.
The National Park Service even considers it native and warns people not to
disturb it, because it is part of the “native” flora! How
long ago does a plant need to have arrived to be considered “native”?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<h1><b><i><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana Ref";font-weight:normal;font-style:italic'>Phragmites
australis</span></font></i></b><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref";font-weight:normal'> (Cav.)
Trin. ex Steud., (Syn.: <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Phragmites
communes</span></i> Trin.; <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Phragmites
vulgaris</span></i> B.S.P.) is so widely distributed that it is difficult to
discern to what region it may be “native”. <o:p></o:p></span></font></h1>
<p class=MsoPlainText><i><font size=2 color=black face="Verdana Ref"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref";color:black;font-style:italic'>Cocos
nucifera</span></font></i><font color=black face="Verdana Ref"><span
style='font-family:"Verdana Ref";color:black'> L. is probably native to the <st1:place
w:st="on">Indian Ocean</st1:place> region, but now so widely distributed that
the term “native” has little meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=black face="Verdana Ref"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=black face="Verdana Ref"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref";color:black'>These are just
three examples, among many others possible to cite, of how tricky it can be to
say what is “native”. In the case of recent arrivals the
question is not difficult, but when introductions have occurred hundreds or
thousands of years ago the answers are usually not so clear.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=black face="Verdana Ref"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>I hope this is helpful.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>CB<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>Dr. J. Christopher Brown, Botanist<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>US Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans
District<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>USACE-MVN-PM-RP, Room 363<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:address w:st="on"><st1:Street w:st="on"><font
size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>P.O.
Box</span></font></st1:Street><font face="Verdana Ref"><span
style='font-family:"Verdana Ref"'> 60267</span></font></st1:address><font
face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-family:"Verdana Ref"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font size=2
face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>New
Orleans</span></font></st1:City><font face="Verdana Ref"><span
style='font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>, <st1:State w:st="on">LA</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode
w:st="on">70160-0267</st1:PostalCode></span></font></st1:place><font
face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-family:"Verdana Ref"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>Voice phone: 504-862-2508<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'>Fax: 504-862-2088<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Verdana Ref"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana Ref"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>email: christopher.brown@mvn02.usace.army.mil<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>-----Original Message-----<br>
From: native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] On Behalf Of Emily
Roberson<br>
Sent: Tuesday, June 27, 2006 3:58 PM<br>
To: 'Craig Dremann'; native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
Subject: Re: [PCA] "Native plant" definitions ?</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Native Plant Conservation Campaign folks and others: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>This is very important right now because the Forest Service has a draft<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>policy on revegetation with native plants out for comment right now. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>The proposed definition of "genetically appropriate" plants
for revegetation<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>and restoration projects is somewhat problematic or at least could use
some<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>refining. Their definition of "native" also needs review.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Any comments or definitions of "native", "local
native" or anything related<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>would be VERY helpful. I am interested not just in agency definition
but<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>also in scientific definitions, native plant organization definitions,
etc. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>THANK YOU! <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>======================================<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Draft policy attached FYI. Comments are due by 7/25. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Here are the definitions:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Genetically appropriate. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>A plant adapted to target site conditions (e.g., has good
establishment,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>vigor, and reproductive capabilities); sufficiently diverse to respond
and<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>adapt to changing climates and environment conditions; unlikely to
cause<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>genetic contamination and undermine<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>local adaptations, community interactions, and function of resident
native<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>species within the<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>ecosystem; unlikely to become (unnaturally or inappropriately) invasive
and<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>displace other<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>native species; unlikely to be a source of non-native invasive
pathogens;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>likely to maintain<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>critical connections with pollinators.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Native plant. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>All indigenous, terrestrial, and aquatic plant species that evolved<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>naturally in an<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Emily<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>____________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Emily B. Roberson, Ph.D.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Director<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Native Plant Conservation Campaign<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>A Program of the Center for Biological Diversity<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>PMB 151 (not p.o.b) <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>1459 18th St</span></font></st1:address></st1:Street>.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font size=2
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>San Francisco</span></font></st1:City>,
<st1:State w:st="on">CA</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">94107</st1:PostalCode></st1:place><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Phone: 415 970 0394 <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Email: eroberson@biologicaldiversity.org <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Web: http://www.plantsocieties.org <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>
www.biologicaldiversity.org <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>The mission of the NPCC is to promote appreciation and conservation of<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>native plant species and communities through collaboration, education,
law,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>policy, land use and management.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>-----Original Message-----<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>From: apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] On Behalf Of Craig
Dremann<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Sent: Tuesday, June 27, 2006 9:07 AM<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>To: apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Cc: rwg@lists.plantconservation.org<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Subject: [APWG] "Native plant" definitions of government
agencies?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Government land management agencies write manuals and definitions for<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>the work they do.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>The US Forest Service manual has a definition for "native
plants", to<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>differentiate the native plants from the exotic plants.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Andrew Kratz, a Forest Service Regional Botanist in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Colorado</st1:place></st1:State> and I were<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>having a discussion about the Forest Service's current definition of<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>"native plant", which follows:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>"All indigenous, terrestrial, and aquatic plant species that
evolved<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>naturally in an ecosystem." (FSM 2070.5)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Unfortunately, at first glance, the sentence looks correct, but has<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>numerous errors in it. We are suggesting a rewrite, as
follows:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>"The indigenous plant species of a particular area, both aquatic
and<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>terrestrial, that are natural members of the local ecosystem."<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Are there any other government agency definitions of "native
plant" out<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>there?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Sincerely, Craig Dremann (650) 325-7333<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>PCA's Alien Plant Working Group mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>APWG@lists.plantconservation.org<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconserva<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>tion.org<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Disclaimer
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Any requests, advice or opinions posted to this list reflect ONLY the<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>opinion of the individual posting the message.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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