<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
data-hsystem="true"><style>p{margin: 0;padding: 0;}</style></head><body><p>Dr.
Ed Lui from the University in London Ontario has looked at genetics in
cultivated vs wild ginseng.<br></p>
<p><br>CHECK US OUT AT www.saskherbspice.org<br><br>Want to learn more about
Good Agriculture and Collection Practices for Canada? Email us!<br></p>
<p><br><br><br>On Tue, 10 Sep 2013 12:21:52 -0400 (GMT-04:00), MoonBranch
Botanicals <moonbranch@earthlink.net> wrote:<br></p>
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</xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal">I mentioned the following the other day
to a few list-serve members with no response. So, in light of Bob's concerns,
I'll put it out there for broader circulation.<br><br>I do know of at least one
such effort to establish a germplasm collection for seed production of American
ginseng a little over 10 years ago. As far as I know, the USFS-NC under the
direction of USFS Botanist Gary Kauffman (I believe) had arranged for a "seed
orchard" to be established on private property in a "secure location" somewhere
in Cherokee County, NC. I was made aware of this through personal communications
at the time with both Mr. Kauffman and the land owner.<br><br>Any information
regarding the status of that endeavor would most certainly be useful here. There
must certainly be someone on this list besides myself that knows of that
effort.<br><br>I was directly involved with a much smaller (I'm guessing) but
similar effort back in the day while directing Yellow Creek Botanical Institute.
We experienced heavy losses regarding American ginseng that had been established
at a protected site by what appeared to be predation by voles. As we have few
deer here to speak of, voles are our primary mammalian problem with many
species. Chamaelirium luteum is another vole favorite as they have decimated
much of what I have planted. I would gladly trade the voles for a few "poachers"
any day. Deer, I'm not so sure, but reintroduced elk are on their way.... we'll
see.<br><br>Really and truly, this entire issue, and all of our concerns
expressed to date boils down to our frustrations in attempting to manage that
which is largely "unmanageable". I think that's just the way it is in both life
and horticulture, whether we like it or not. A study in what happens when a part
tries to control the whole.......</p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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solid" _mce_style="padding-left: 5px; margin-left: 0px; border-left: #0000ff 2px
solid;">-----Original Message----- <br>From: Robert Layton Beyfuss
<rlb14@cornell.edu> <br>Sent: Sep 10, 2013 9:52 AM <br>To: "Marla S.
McIntosh" <mmcintos@umd.edu>, "shsa@sasktel.net" <shsa@sasktel.net>,
Susan <susan@unitedplantsavers.org>, Jeanine Davis
<jeanine_davis@ncsu.edu>, MoonBranch Botanicals
<moonbranch@earthlink.net> <br>Cc: mpwg
<mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org> <br>Subject: RE: [MPWG] ginseng in the
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COLOR: #000000; DIRECTION: ltr" _mce_style="direction: ltr; font-family: Tahoma;
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<p>So everybody agrees that we need to develop local seed banks. How, do you
propose to do that when state regulations require replanting of the seed in the
"immediate proximity" or within "50 feet" as is the law in KY, using "no tool
other than a finger" NC regulations state within "100 feet" of the harvested
plant, Ohio law requires that the seed be planted "at the place where the plant
is collected". TN requires replanting berries "in the immediate proximity" NY
has a 50 foot rule also as perhaps other states do as well. NC, KY, TN and KY
produce most of the wild ginseng that is harvested each year. The only way it
will be possible to develop any significant "local seed banks" in these states
would be to allow seed to be taken from the harvest site and replanted in a
secure location. Diggers have always replanted seed on site to allow
populations to rebound but this will never establish local seed banks. How do
you propose protecting those plants that constitute "local seed banks" on the
private property where the roots were dug? In order to do what everyone seems
to agree needs to be done, you would have to change many state regulations. Good
luck with that! Have any if you ever actually tried to get a state to change its
regulations? I have, and if the rule change requires new legislation, passed by
state legislatures, the process is extraordinarily difficult. What language
would the new regulations have? Ask the people in PA and VT how easy it is to
change an existing regulation. </p>
<p>So, maybe the people who work within public forestland will somehow decide
to drop whatever it is they are already doing to change regulations so that they
would be allowed them to develop their own "local seed banks" on public land.
How secure would those local seed banks be? Considering the current state of
poaching on public land, I doubt if these local seed banks would be any more
secure, than the populations within the park that are already being decimated.
</p>
<p>Sometimes I wonder if the people who propose the regulations have any idea
whatsoever of what is required to grow ginseng. It sounds so easy to "develop
local seed banks". All that is required is to collect local seed and grow it
somewhere safe. The problem is that ginseng does not grow just "anywhere"! If it
was easy to grow in any "secure" location, this whole issue would be moot.
When ginseng is grown at any density that would allow for reasonable seed
production, diseases will occur. The diseases that affect ginseng are not the
result of the introduction of cultivated seed into wild populations. These
diseases occur in wild populations as well, as has been well documented by
pathologists from Cornell and elsewhere back in the early 1900's. When
ginseng is moved and transplanted elsewhere from its local environment it loses
much of its resistance to disease. Virtually everybody who has tried to grow
ginseng in any significant quantity is well aware of this. Many seed sellers
and growers such as myself, would love to be able to sell "local" seed. We
have all transplanted wild rootlets onto our own secure property only to find
out in a few seasons that diseases break out. So we spray and we spray and we
spray, and in a few generations what we have is "cultivated" ginseng that is as
dependent on the chemicals as the cultivated seed we buy from Canada and
Wisconsin. Artificial selection of plants protected by fungicides will soon
render wild populations cultivated. So what are we preserving? </p>
<p>Once again, well intentioned, but not well thought out ideas
and regulations, may do more harm than good. </p>
<p>As for maintaining the genetic integrity of any given population, one needs
to think about how that population became genetically unique in the first place.
85% of the forestland in the Northeast was cut down in the early 1900's. As the
forest has returned, so has ginseng in areas that are ecologically suitable for
it to grow. Most of the ginseng that is growing in the East now, is descended
from cultivated seed produced by the more than 5,000 wooden lathe shade gardens
in NY in 1910 as well as similar cultivated sites in Ohio, PA, MO, WI, VT and
elsewhere. That is a simple fact, as anyone who has bothered to study the
history of ginseng should be aware of. </p>
<p>Of course isolated populations will tend to become genetically distinct and
locally adapted as Marla and others have noted, Wansang Lim, a Cornell graduate
student, noted such genetic distinctions even within NY state. The closer the
populations were geographically, the more they looked like each other
genetically. The bottom line is that specific environments will determine
whether or not ginseng will grow and naturalize in any given location. When
cultivated seed from Ontario or Wisconsin is planted in a suitable environment,
it may or may not naturalize. If it does naturalize, then the ginseng which
results from that naturalization is wild ginseng. </p>
<p>For 30 years the regulators at USF and W have strongly discouraged the
planting of cultivated seed in forestland due to concerns about disease
introduction as well as outbreeding depression. Despite the fact that this
practice has been widespread for more than 100 years, has there ever been any
documented cases of this actually occurring? Has anyone ever actually seen a
wild population decline or die due to outbreeding depression or introduced
disease? If so, I would like see the evidence. </p>
<p>Instead of wasting time, effort and money trying to establish local seed
banks, authorities should encourage, not discourage, the mass plantings of
ginseng seed on private property. Only when this "wild simulated ginseng" is
being produced in sufficient quantity to reduce prices significantly, will the
remaining truly wild populations in the Parks and Public lands be secure and
preserved. </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 16px; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; COLOR: #000000"
_mce_style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #000000;">
<hr tabindex="-1"><div id="divRpF528018" style="DIRECTION: ltr"
_mce_style="direction: ltr;"><font color="#000000" size="2"
face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b> Marla S. McIntosh [mmcintos@umd.edu]<br><b>Sent:</b>
Tuesday, September 10, 2013 12:05 AM<br><b>To:</b> shsa@sasktel.net; Susan;
Jeanine Davis; MoonBranch Botanicals; Robert Layton Beyfuss<br><b>Cc:</b>
mpwg<br><b>Subject:</b> RE: [MPWG] ginseng in the news<br></font><br></div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;">All,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;">As a scientist who cares
very much about ginseng, I DO want to speak up. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0in" _mce_style="margin-left:
0in;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
#1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';
color: #1f497d;"></span> </p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0in" _mce_style="margin-left:
0in;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
#1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';
color: #1f497d;">FYI, Susan and I have been working together to try to obtain
funding to enlist interested parties to develop seed banks containing plants to
conserve the genetic diversity and the regional genetic integrity of wild
ginseng populations. As per Susan’s letter to request support of the federal
government, plants in the seed bank would serve as seed sources for restoration
of <b>local</b> populations with <b>locally </b>derived seed. The attached
paper by Schlag and McIntosh (2012) (this is not the paper on the UpS website)
demonstrates that DNA markers can be used to identify the region of origin of
ginseng plants. In fact, we were able to identify plants in a wild population
that were almost certainly grown from non-local seed. In the paper’s
conclusion, we recommended creating regional seed banks and suggested an
approach to create the seed banks.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0in" _mce_style="margin-left:
0in;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
#1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';
color: #1f497d;"></span> </p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0in" _mce_style="margin-left:
0in;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
#1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';
color: #1f497d;">The e-mails about the unintended consequences of banning wild
harvest are VERY timely. Maryland, DNR has recently banned wild ginseng
harvest from state lands. Next week, I will be participating in a
teleconference regarding this ban and will send Connie and Bob’s e-mails to
become a point for discussion.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;"></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;">Dr. Marla S.
McIntosh</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;">Professor of Plant
Sciences</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;">6117 Plant Science
Building</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;">University of
Maryland</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;">College Park, Maryland
20742</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; color:
#1f497d;">mmcintos@umd.edu</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Tahoma','sans-serif'" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
'Tahoma','sans-serif';">From:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;
FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
'Tahoma','sans-serif';"> MPWG [mailto:mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Connie Kehler<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, September 09, 2013
9:44 AM<br><b>To:</b> Susan; Jeanine Davis; MoonBranch Botanicals; Robert Layton
Beyfuss<br><b>Cc:</b> mpwg<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MPWG] ginseng in the
news</span></p></div></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p>Thanks Robert</p>
<p>The only recourse we would have had in Ontario - was to have had the wild
simulated growers on a program like our GACPs.. This along with your help would
have proven that they were legit. And OMNR was looking at that as an option
but hindsight - sigh.</p>
<p>You are dead on - on the effect of the ban... There are good people out there
that have been put in an impossible situation. We need to learn from this.</p>
<p>Connie</p>
<p><br> </p>
<p><br>CHECK US OUT AT <a href="http://www.saskherbspice.org"
target="_blank">www.saskherbspice.org</a><br><br>Want to learn more about Good
Agriculture and Collection Practices for Canada? Email us!</p>
<p><br><br><br>On Mon, 9 Sep 2013 14:38:52 +0000, Robert Layton Beyfuss <<a
href="mailto:rlb14@cornell.edu" target="_blank">rlb14@cornell.edu</a>>
wrote:</p>
<blockquote style="BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none;
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0in;">
<div id="ZZZhtml-message">
<div>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR:
black" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color:
black;">Dear Connie</span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR:
black" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color:
black;">Thank you for posting. This is a classic example of what harm can occur
when good intentions are not thought out. When Ontario abruptly decided to ban
all ginseng harvest, I was immediately contacted by a number of woodland growers
whom I had worked with for years, either consulting or selling seed. They
immediately found themselves unable to sell their roots. I wrote letters telling
the authorities that these folks were bona fide growers and could prove they had
purchased seed and had grown their woodland ginseng. Indeed I had visited some
of these growers and had inspected their beds. I was told that since wild
simulated and truly wild ginseng were visually indistinguishable, what was to
stop the growers from secretly buying truly wild ginseng and mixing it with
their wild simulated? </span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR:
black" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color:
black;">The intention of the ban was to protect wild ginseng, but in reality,
the exact opposite occurred. The black market and the unscrupulous poachers
who support it continued to dig and sell the wild roots. As everyone knows,
all the regulations regarding wild ginseng harvest are impossible to enforce
and our border is easy to cross. The growers mostly gave up trying to grow it,
since they had no legal market and the status of wild ginseng in Ontario went
from scarce to extinct in many of its historical locations. Ginseng is far worse
off in Ontario as a result of this well intentioned, but poorly thought out
regulation. It is astonishing to me that regulators seem to think that by
passing a ban, that a ban will actually occur. The only result was to create
many new "criminals" who previously were honest people. When people are faced
with a regulation that makes no sense and cannot be enforced, it only serves to
breed contempt for all regulations. Here in NY we have had buyers openly
advertising in local newspapers that they are buying wild ginseng up to a month
before the season opens . A simple perusal of Ebay shows diggers offering
freshly dug, wild NY ginseng 3 weeks before the season opens. Numerous reports
of this misbehavior to both state in federal authorities by at least a dozen
individuals, whom I know personally, has had no effect. No one has been
prosecuted. </span></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"
_mce_style="text-align: center;"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%"></span></div>
<div id="divRpF874107">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" _mce_style="margin-bottom:
12pt;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';
COLOR: black" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';
color: black;">From:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: black;"> MPWG
[mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] on behalf of Connie Kehler
[shsa@sasktel.net]<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, September 09, 2013 10:03
AM<br><b>To:</b> Susan; Jeanine Davis; MoonBranch Botanicals<br><b>Cc:</b>
mpwg<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MPWG] ginseng in the news</span><span style="COLOR:
black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">On the issue of
overharvesting of wild ginseng. </span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span> </p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">We in Canada have had
an over reaction in Ontario. Many and in my humble opinion most of the wild
ginseng in Ontario and much of Quebec has been planted by traditional pickers -
not actual wild ginseng. There is also growers that plant ginseng in the wild
and then harvest their own root that they have planted up to 10 years later.
</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span> </p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">The issue is can they
prove it is theirs not true wild ginseng. In Quebec wild ginseng growers have
documented their plantings and informed the authorities so they can prove
ownership. Ontario was not so organized and thus when the Ontario ministry of
natural resourses decided to without consultation make harvesting etc of ginseng
illegal - both field planted ginseng and forest planted ginseng became
illegal.</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span> </p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Because Ontario field
ginseng growers have an organization - they were able to get an exempt. Wild
planted ginseng growers were not so lucky. </span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">We have and are working
with both growers and governments to get practices in place to ensure that if
they plant ginseng in the wild they can still harvest their own roots.
</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">We have worked with
CITES in Canada on ensuring that decisons about endangered plants are based in
fact. Not all wildcrafters rape and pilage. Many are generational pickers
that care for the the plants so their grandchildren still have the resource.
Unfortunately they often get clumped in with those who do not take
care. </span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span> </p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Often the overharvest
of plant are spurged by some overstated overenthusiastic study that takes the
highest price of the plant and multiply that with the largest volumes to make it
look like a fortune would be made by simply wandering into the wild and picking
plants for free. </span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span> </p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">It is important to
protect the plants and ensure they are not endangered but we need to do so with
thought ...... the facts are important and we must ensure that this is the basis
we work from - on all sides. </span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span> </p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Connie
Kehler</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span> </p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"><br> </span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"><br>CHECK US OUT AT <a
href="http://www.saskherbspice.org" target="_blank">www.saskherbspice.org</a>
<a href="http://www.nationalherbspice.com"
target="_blank">www.nationalherbspice.com</a><br><br>Want to learn more about
Good Agriculture and Collection Practices for Canada? Email us!</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"><br><br><br>On Mon, 9
Sep 2013 00:23:33 -0400 (GMT-04:00), MoonBranch Botanicals <<a
href="mailto:moonbranch@earthlink.net"
target="_blank">moonbranch@earthlink.net</a>> wrote:</span></p>
<blockquote style="BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none;
BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; PADDING-LEFT:
4pt; MARGIN: 5pt 0in 5pt 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT:
0in" _mce_style="border-top: medium none; border-right: medium none;
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0in;">
<div id="ZZZhtml-message">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
'Arial','sans-serif'; color: black;">And be careful....<br><br><b><a
href="https://www.commondreams.org/headline/2012/03/11-2"
target="_blank">https://www.commondreams.org/headline/2012/03/11-2</a></b><br><br><br></span><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" _mce_style="margin-bottom:
12pt;"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">-----Original
Message----- <br>From: Susan <<a href="mailto:susan@unitedplantsavers.org"
target="_blank">susan@unitedplantsavers.org</a>> <br>Sent: Sep 8, 2013 5:11
PM <br>To: Jeanine Davis <<a href="mailto:jeanine_davis@ncsu.edu"
target="_blank">jeanine_davis@ncsu.edu</a>> <br>Cc: mpwg <<a
href="mailto:mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org"
target="_blank">mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org</a>> <br>Subject: Re: [MPWG]
ginseng in the news </span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Yes
the time is now to speak up. <br><br>Sent from my iPhone</span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" _mce_style="margin-bottom:
12pt;"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"><br>On Sep 8, 2013,
at 3:32 PM, Jeanine Davis <<a href="mailto:Jeanine_Davis@ncsu.edu"
target="_blank">Jeanine_Davis@ncsu.edu</a>> wrote:</span></p></div>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; MARGIN-TOP: 5pt"
_mce_style="margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 5pt;">
<div>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Oh Randi, how
dreadful...and now they want to frack in NC, too. This all makes me so angry. I
do think it is time for more of us scientists to speak up.</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Jeanine</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Jeanine Davis,
Associate Professor & Extension Specialist<br>Dept. of Horticultural
Science, NC State University<br>website: <a href="http://ncherb.org"
target="_blank">ncherb.org</a><br>Sent from my Droid</span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">On
Sep 8, 2013 3:19 PM, "Randi Pokladnik" <<a href="mailto:randi@clover.net"
target="_blank">randi@clover.net</a>> wrote:<br><br></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR:
blue" _mce_style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: blue;">Hi
folks!</span><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR:
blue" _mce_style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: blue;">I did my
dissertation on poaching in 2008 and it is an issue in Ohio. I am worried now
because we have out of state people swarming the area fracking! If the frack
pads themselves and out of state vehicles (carrying invasives back and forth)
are not bad enough, we have invasive people so to speak, crossing properties
without any thought to privacy issues. We had one lady find dynamite charges set
up on her land in Belmont county Ohio... she was going to build a house and took
a walk around, the company claims it was all a big mistake but beware, I see
fracking trucks withdrawing water illegally from hidden areas as well as the
local MWCD lakes. This is so ridiculous! And then the earth quakes as well as
spent frack fluid being poured out in wooded regions.</span><span style="COLOR:
black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR:
blue" _mce_style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: blue;">The
medicinals seem to be off the radar as far as ODNR is concerned when it comes to
getting out that natural gas.</span><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR:
blue" _mce_style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: blue;">Randi
Pokladnik</span><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span></p></div>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; MARGIN-TOP: 5pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in"
_mce_style="margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 5pt; margin-right: 0in;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" _mce_style="margin-bottom:
12pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"
_mce_style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: black;">-----Original
Message-----<br><b>From:</b> MPWG [mailto:<a
href="mailto:mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org"
target="_blank">mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of
</b>Jeannie Dunn<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, September 06, 2013 9:05
AM<br><b>To:</b> Colin Donohue<br><b>Cc:</b> mpwg<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MPWG]
ginseng in the news</span><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Colin
and Jeanine, </span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">Thanks for all you have just put out there. Agreed. </span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">I
really believe WNC residential and commercial development and periodic forest
service/DOT maintenance probably do more damage to annihilate our herbal
medicines in the area, more than poachers ever will.</span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">I
also think that we will still have ginseng in 10-20 years because the old-timers
and their generations who harvest know how to proliferate the species as they
harvest, scattering seeds and spreading roots.</span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">It
will be "wild cultivated" ginseng but it will still be considered wild. I
believe Robert Eidus is trying to bring attention to the industry and he has a
right to his opinion. I hope he's wrong and we can sustain our wild ginseng but
if more people are moving into western NC and the developments sprawl outwards,
we may not have much of a forest to grow it!</span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">Jeannie Dunn</span></p></div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Red
Moon Herbs</span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"><a
href="tel:828-301-3010" target="_blank">828-301-3010</a></span></p></div></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span> </p></div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">On
Sep 5, 2013, at 8:28 PM, Colin Donohue wrote:</span></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br><br></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">Absolutely.<br><br>That would be great. I regret I'm not in the role I
once was, but this issue is still dear to my heart. <br><br>A meeting of the
minds, and forging of common strategies and efforts could be a great thing in
both stewarding 'sang in the wild and supporting lifeways of the responsible
ginseng stewards and harvesters out there. <br><br>C<br><br><br>On 9/5/2013 8:23
PM, Jeanine Davis wrote:</span></p></div>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; MARGIN-TOP: 5pt"
_mce_style="margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 5pt;">
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">On an open forum all I
am willing to say is that I am not amused and this story could have been more
accurate and hopeful. We do need to brainstorm on strategies to reduce poaching
to conserve wild populations and encourage more wild simulated production. I
have some ideas, that are built on consumer demand and pressure.</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Jeanine</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Jeanine Davis,
Associate Professor & Extension Specialist<br>Dept. of Horticultural
Science, NC State University<br>website: <a href="http://ncherb.org"
target="_blank">ncherb.org</a><br>Sent from my Droid</span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">On
Sep 5, 2013 7:46 PM, "Michael McGuffin" <<a href="mailto:MMcguffin@ahpa.org"
target="_blank">MMcguffin@ahpa.org</a>> wrote:<br><br></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'" _mce_style="font-size: 14pt; font-family:
'Calibri','sans-serif';">Hello Colin, </span><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'" _mce_style="font-size: 14pt; font-family:
'Calibri','sans-serif';">I could not agree with you more that the information
presented by Robert Eidus was unfortunate, at best. But Susan Leopold was
exactly correct in calling attention to the very limited resources that are
applied to plant conservation. This was an important message, and an appropriate
message from United Plant Savers.</span><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'" _mce_style="font-size: 14pt; font-family:
'Calibri','sans-serif';">Michael</span><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: gray" _mce_style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
'Arial','sans-serif'; color: gray;">Michael McGuffin</span></b><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>President</span><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 3pt" _mce_style="margin-bottom:
3pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; COLOR: gray"
_mce_style="font-family: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; color: gray;">American
Herbal Products Association |</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium
ITC','sans-serif'; COLOR: black" _mce_style="font-family: 'Eras Medium
ITC','sans-serif'; color: black;"> <a title="blocked::http://www.ahpa.org/"
href="http://www.ahpa.org/" target="_blank">www.ahpa.org</a></span><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif';
COLOR: gray" _mce_style="font-family: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; color:
gray;">8630 Fenton Street, Suite 918 | Silver Spring | MD | 20910</span><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium
ITC','sans-serif'; COLOR: gray" _mce_style="font-family: 'Eras Medium
ITC','sans-serif'; color: gray;">MD Phone: </span></b><span><a
href="tel:301.588.1171" target="_blank">301.588.1171</a> x201</span><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium
ITC','sans-serif'; COLOR: gray" _mce_style="font-family: 'Eras Medium
ITC','sans-serif'; color: gray;">CA Phone: </span></b><span><a
href="tel:310.745.8401" target="_blank">310.745.8401</a></span><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium
ITC','sans-serif'; COLOR: #4f6228" _mce_style="font-family: 'Eras Medium
ITC','sans-serif'; color: #4f6228;">30+ years of working for you!
</span></b><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><mime-attachment.jpeg></span><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div>
<div>
<div style="BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none;
BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; PADDING-LEFT:
0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in" _mce_style="border-top:
#b5c4df 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-bottom: medium none;
padding-bottom: 0in; padding-top: 3pt; padding-left: 0in; border-left: medium
none; padding-right: 0in;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Tahoma','sans-serif'" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
'Tahoma','sans-serif';">From:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;
FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'" _mce_style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
'Tahoma','sans-serif';"> MPWG [mailto:<a
href="mailto:mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org"
target="_blank">mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of
</b>Colin Donohue<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, September 05, 2013 3:02
PM<br><b>To:</b> Susan Leopold<br><b>Cc:</b> mpwg<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MPWG]
ginseng in the news</span><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span></p></div></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">This
is great, other than being wrong. <br><br>I'm amused to see Robert Eidus as the
spokesperson for the survivability of Ginseng. It will be gone in 10-20
years? That's idiotic. <br><br>I'm sure Mr. Eidus didn't mean what he was
cast as saying on the clip, but it's still incorrect information.
<br><br><br>I'm very disappointed to see UPS trumpeting this incorrect and
sensationalized clip. <br><br>Yes, there are issues with ginseng harvest, and
I'd be the first to shout from the mountaintop that poaching is a real issue
that needs attention, and that more resources should go into plant conservation.
But putting incorrect information out to spur public concern is disingenuous.
<br><br>Colin<br><br>On 9/5/2013 5:15 PM, Susan Leopold wrote:</span></p></div>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; MARGIN-TOP: 5pt"
_mce_style="margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 5pt;">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">United Plant Savers has started a <a href="http://change.org"
target="_blank">change.org</a> letter to bring awareness to our members and the
public and to show various agencies that the public cares and supports ginseng
conservation efforts....</span></p></div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Below
is a link to the CBS story and to our <a href="http://change.org"
target="_blank">change.org</a> letter, also you can go to the UpS website <a
href="http://www.unitedplantsavers.org"
target="_blank">www.unitedplantsavers.org</a> for links to several recent news
articles and ginseng recently published research.</span></p></div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">Please join this campaign: <a href="http://chn.ge/15Eon5H"
target="_blank">http://chn.ge/15Eon5H</a></span></p></div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div></div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div></div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue" _mce_style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family:
'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: blue;"><a
href="http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505269_162-57601454/ginseng-poaching-threatens-survival-of-plant-species/"
target="_blank">http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505269_162-57601454/ginseng-poaching-threatens-survival-of-plant-species/</a></span><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"> </span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Helvetica','sans-serif'; COLOR: black" _mce_style="font-size: 13.5pt;
font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; color: black;">Susan Leopold,
PhD</span><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Helvetica','sans-serif'; COLOR: black" _mce_style="font-size: 13.5pt;
font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; color: black;">Executive Director,
UpS</span><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Helvetica','sans-serif'; COLOR: black" _mce_style="font-size: 13.5pt;
font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; color: black;"><a href="tel:703-667-0208"
target="_blank">703-667-0208</a></span><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Helvetica','sans-serif'; COLOR: black" _mce_style="font-size: 13.5pt;
font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; color: black;"><a
href="mailto:susan@unitedplantsavers.org"
target="_blank">susan@unitedplantsavers.org</a></span><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div></div></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Helvetica','sans-serif'; COLOR: black" _mce_style="font-size: 13.5pt;
font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; color: black;"><br><br><br></span><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br><br><br><br></span></p><pre><span> </span><span style="COLOR:
black" _mce_style="color: black;"></span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color:
black;">_______________________________________________</span></pre><pre><span
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br> </span></p></div></div></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
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<blockquote style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; MARGIN-TOP: 5pt"
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br>_______________________________________________<br>PCA's Medicinal
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href="mailto:MPWG@lists.plantconservation.org"
target="_blank">MPWG@lists.plantconservation.org</a><br><a
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information that is discussed on this list should be carefully reviewed by the
individual reader and their qualified healthcare professional. Posts do not
reflect any official opinions or positions of the Plant Conservation Alliance.
</span></p></div></blockquote><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Robin</span></pre><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Alton
Suggs</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">MoonBranch Botanicals</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;">5294 Yellow Creek Road</span></pre><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Robbinsville, North Carolina
28771</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">USA</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"> </span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">Telephone: 828.479.2788</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;">Email: <a href="mailto:moonbranch@earthlink.net"
target="_blank">moonbranch@earthlink.net</a></span></pre><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Websites:</span></pre><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"><a
href="http://www.moonbranch.com" target="_blank">www.moonbranch.com</a>
& <a href="http://www.localharvest.org/store/M16074"
target="_blank">www.localharvest.org/store/M16074</a></span></pre><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;"> </span></pre><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Member:</span></pre><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">Appalachian Sustainable
Agriculture Project; Farm Partner</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;">Green Products Alliance</span></pre><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">North Carolina Consortium on
Natural Medicines</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">North Carolina Goodness Grows/NCDA&CS</span></pre><pre><span
style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color: black;">United Plant
Savers</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"> </span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is
striking at</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">the root. - Henry David Thoreau</span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR:
black" _mce_style="color: black;"> </span></pre><pre><span style="COLOR: black"
_mce_style="color: black;"> </span></pre></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"></span> </p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"
_mce_style="text-align: center;"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%"></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black" _mce_style="color:
black;"><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>PCA's
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individual who posts the message. The information contained in posts is not
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to your specific medical condition or question. All medical and other healthcare
information that is discussed on this list should be carefully reviewed by the
individual reader and their qualified healthcare professional. Posts do not
reflect any official opinions or positions of the Plant Conservation Alliance.
</span></p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></zzzbody></zzzhtml></blockquote><pre>
Robin Alton Suggs
MoonBranch Botanicals
5294 Yellow Creek Road
Robbinsville, North Carolina 28771
USA
Telephone: 828.479.2788
Email: moonbranch@earthlink.net
Websites:
www.moonbranch.com & www.localharvest.org/store/M16074
Member:
Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project; Farm Partner
Green Products Alliance
North Carolina Consortium on Natural Medicines
North Carolina Goodness Grows/NCDA&CS
United Plant Savers
There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at
the root. - Henry David Thoreau
</pre></div></blockquote></body></html>