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<DIV><STRONG><EM><FONT color=#008200 size=4 face="MS Mincho">All very
interesting information to know about, but the linked article on Round-up Ready
Alfalfa has lots of input from </FONT></EM></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV><STRONG><EM><FONT color=#008200 size=4 face="MS Mincho">a 'non-profit' who
exists by researching & developing RR crops for farmers and has worked
with Monsanto in the past. So we must consider the
source.....</FONT></EM></STRONG></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>
"mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org"
<mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org> <BR><B>Sent:</B> 5/17/2011
10:26 AM <BR><B>To:</B> "mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org"
<mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org> <BR><B>Subject:</B> [MPWG] Roundup
Ready Alfalfa: A Solution without a Problem
<BR><BR></FONT></DIV><BR></FONT></DIV>The Crop Science Socity of America's CSA
News May issue examines the benefits, costs, and potential for genetic
cross-contamination in alfalfa. <A class=moz-txt-link-freetext
href="https://www.crops.org/publications/csa-news">https://www.crops.org/publications/csa-news</A>
The article discusses the significant regulation in place to protect
conventional alfalfa from Roundup-resistant GM alfalfa - a trait critics call
a solution to a non-existent problem - but may also impede the development of
GM cultivars that merely expand naturally occurring traits.<BR><BR>The article
describes the reasoning behind regulations. Explaining that there are a number
of natural barriers to cross-contamination in alfalfa. First, it's cut
for hay before it flowers, those flowers are autotoxic, and "most hay-growing
regions...lack the right bees." With these barriers in mind, alfalfa is
regulated with the notion that 165 feet protects non-GMOs from
cross-contamination. <BR><BR>The concern, though, is that alfalfa is also
grown for seed - 20% of the alfalfa grown in the US is exported as
seed. As you recall, in the early 2000s, scientists planted Roundup
Ready alfalfa, surrounding it at various distances with "trap" crops of
conventional alfalfa. They let the seed ripen, harvested the trap crops, grew
them out, and sprayed them with Roundup. They were able to measure very low
levels of gene flow and their findings became "...the basis for the best
practices and stewardship programs adopted by the National Alfalfa and Forage
Alliance - adopted to curb transgene flow," explains CSA News.Â
<BR><BR>The isolation distance for Roundup Ready alfalfa pollinated by
honeybees is 3 miles. A farmer who wants to plant RR alfalfa first visits his
or her state seed certification office who checks whether the farmer meets the
requirement, later conducts a field visit, and monitors, then submits
data to a national database on accidental presence of transgenes in
non-GM seed. <BR><BR>One of the most important things the article clarifies is
that, although Roundup-resistance give a completely new trait to alfalfa,
other transgenes just broaden a plant's genetic variation. The example is a
transgene that reduces lignin production in alfalfa. If you can reduce the
amount of lignin in the alfalfa, cows digest more carbohydrate, reduce manure
production, and farmers can cut higher yields, but fewer times per year saving
energy and time.<BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>Robert Layton Beyfuss wrote:
<BLOCKQUOTE
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I
wonder if these GMO plants will be considered as new species? The test of a
species identity is its reproductive capacity and I assume they can still
cross breed with non GMO’s of the same species they started out as.
 There is no doubt that the artificially inserted genes can
“escape” and confer their specific traits onto other plants via pollen
and perhaps via insects such as leafhoppers feeding on them. Ironically, the
plants that accidently acquire the new genes are probably the property of
the company that created their parents (Monsanto). Seems to me that weeds
which are now resistant to Round Up, ie glyphosate as a result of this
technology should be the responsibility of Monsanto. So farmers who have to
use alternative herbicides to control these weeds should be compensated by
Monsanto.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><o:p>Â </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
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<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A
class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
[<A class=moz-txt-link-freetext
href="mailto:mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">mailto:mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A>]
<B>On Behalf Of </B>MoonBranch Botanicals<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, May 16,
2011 3:39 PM<BR><B>To:</B> <A class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</A>; <A
class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:ForestRuss@aol.com">ForestRuss@aol.com</A><BR><B>Cc:</B> <A
class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org">mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><B>Subject:</B>
Re: [MPWG] Bipolaris in WV<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p>Â </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Hi All, and thanks
Russ and Patricia for the info and update.<BR><BR>I have a question for the
group especially in light of this example of where Microstegium has become
such a pest and there is much focus on and money spent preventing the
spread/introduction of and/or controlling "exotic invasive" species. Using
that same terminology, "exotic invasive" as something that occurs naturally
outside the habitat into which it is introduced and thus becomes a problem,
I am curious as to why we as a group in specific as well as our society in
general does not voice more "concern" (put mildly) over the introduction,
whether intentional or accidental, of "new" genetically modified organisms
into the environment? <BR><BR>To introduce a species into a new environment
or habitat is one thing, but to take a previously unknown (with regards to
it habits in an uncontrolled environment) species and to allow or perhaps
fail to prevent it's introduction into the biosphere seems like a much more
dangerous proposition in terms of potential consequences. Furthermore, many
agencies and bureaus within or under the umbrella of the same (US in this
case) government are avidly promoting the control of these naturally
occurring exotics while "sister" agencies are not only allowing but
sometimes promoting the use of and introduction into the natural world
these previously unknown genetically modified organisms, GMOs if you
will.<BR><BR>I have read that scientific research of exotic invasives show a
net negative effect on the ecosystems within which they invade in terms of
threatening biodiversity, thus prompting efforts to prevent their spread or
failing that, initiate their control. I have also read of scientific
research that says that GMO's however, while completely unknown as to their
interspecific interactions outside of a controlled environment pose no
threat. This of course begs another question. Does scientific methodology
vary from agency to agency as the scenario created is otherwise completely
void of any and all logic.<BR><BR>Any thoughts, anyone?</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Â </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">And, not
coincidentally this recent interview of Dr. Huber, a noted plant pathologist
from Purdue University may be of some interest to some of you: <B><A
class=moz-txt-link-freetext
href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzlwAAf9DRg">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzlwAAf9DRg</A></B></SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Â </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Thanks and I'll be
looking forward to replies,</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Robin</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE
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<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">-----Original
Message----- <BR>From: <A class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</A>
<BR>Sent: May 16, 2011 12:35 PM <BR>To: <A class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:ForestRuss@aol.com">ForestRuss@aol.com</A> <BR>Cc: <A
class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org">mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
<BR>Subject: Re: [MPWG] Bipolaris in WV <BR><BR><BR>So, I see that this
fungus is native to Appalachia. Has the research also looked into
whether/how this fungus is impacting native plants in the understory (such
as black cohosh)? <BR><BR>I've just seen mention in a 2008 report that
anthracnose was diagnosed on black cohosh (and pitcher plants) that year,
which may be the black splotching I saw on BC in the woods a couple years
ago. Â See VaTech's Plant Disease Clinic 2008 Report for further info
on that (p. iv): <A
href="http://www.ppws.vt.edu/%7Eclinic/reports/clinic_report_2008.pdf"
target=_blank
moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.ppws.vt.edu/~clinic/reports/clinic_report_2008.pdf</A>
<BR><BR>Thanks, <BR>Patricia <BR><BR>Patricia S. De Angelis,
Ph.D.<BR>Botanist - Division of Scientific Authority<BR>Chair - Plant
Conservation Alliance - Medicinal Plant Working Group<BR>US Fish &
Wildlife Service<BR>4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 110<BR>Arlington, VA
 22203<BR>703-358-1708 x1753<BR>FAX: 703-358-2276<BR><BR>Promoting
sustainable use and conservation of our native medicinal plants.<BR><<A
class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="http://www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal">www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal</A>><BR><BR><BR><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"><A
class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:ForestRuss@aol.com">ForestRuss@aol.com</A></SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">Sent
by: <A class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">05/16/2011
11:01 AM</SPAN><SPAN
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<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"><A
class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated
href="mailto:MPWG@lists.plantconservation.org">MPWG@lists.plantconservation.org</A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">cc</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: right" class=MsoNormal align=right><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">Subject</SPAN><SPAN
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">[MPWG]
Bipolaris in WV</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p>Â </o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR><BR><BR>MPWG:
<BR>Â <BR>The Bipolaris fungus has again appeared in central WV.
<BR>Â <BR>The first Microstegium plants started to germinate in mid
April and within two weeks seedlings were starting to sport Bipolaris
lesions. Â In many locations the lower blades of the stiltgrass
plants had already died and in a few areas the plants appeared to die
almost as soon as they germinated. Â The photo below was taken in an
area that is at the leading edge of a SG invasion....hopefully the end of
a SG invasion. <BR><BR>In some areas nearly every individual stiltgrass
plant was showing signs of infection by Bipolaris within two weeks of
gernination. <BR>Â <BR>By mid May the infection has spread
throughout this population. Â In many areas the stiltgrass is
becoming non competitive as the foliage dies back and the surrounding
native vegetation overtakes and dominates the ground cover. <BR>Â
<BR>The "persistent" thatch produced by stiltgrass that lives through its'
full life cycle appears to rot very quickly in the face of a Bipolaris
infection. Â There are some areas where Bipolaris has been active for
several years and neither thatch or healthy Mv seedlings are present.
<BR>Â <BR>For people wishing to see Bipolaris in action, we will be
hosting a program at Crummies Creek Demonstration Forest in cooperation
with the West Virginia University Extension, the Woodland Owners
Association of WV and the National Woodland Owners Association on Saturday
June 25 and some of the session will involve visits to areas where
Bipolaris has been active for several years as well as areas subjected to
annual mechanical control for over ten years. Â <BR>Â
<BR>Special permits to move Bipolaris infected plants to other parts of
West Virginia are available through the WV Department of Agriculture.
 Intentional movement of diseased plants from WV is possible as long
as a permit is obtained from APHIS. Â <BR>Â <BR>However,
Bipolaris, which appears to be native to the central Appalachians showed
up in Maryland and Virginia last year and the wet spring of 2011 has not
hampered the spread of the fungus so it should be expected in more
locations this summer. <BR>Â <BR>Look for additional updates as the
growing season progresses. <BR>Â <BR>Sincerely, <BR>Â <BR>Russ
Richardson, Certified Forester <BR>PO Box 207 <BR>Arnoldsburg, WV
25234</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR><TT>_______________________________________________</TT><BR><TT>PCA's
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<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></BLOCKQUOTE><PRE><o:p> </o:p></PRE><PRE><o:p> </o:p></PRE><PRE>Robin Alton Suggs<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>MoonBranch Botanicals<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>5294 Yellow Creek Road<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>Robbinsville, North Carolina 28771 <o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>USA<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE><o:p> </o:p></PRE><PRE>Telephone: 828.479.2788<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>Email: <A class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated href="mailto:moonbranch@earthlink.net">moonbranch@earthlink.net</A><o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>Websites:<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE><A class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated href="http://www.moonbranch.com">www.moonbranch.com</A> & <A class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated href="http://www.localharvest.org/store/M16074">www.localharvest.org/store/M16074</A><o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE><o:p> </o:p></PRE><PRE>Member:<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project; Farm Partner<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>Green Products Alliance <o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>North Carolina Consortium on Natural Medicines <o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>North Carolina Goodness Grows/NCDA&CS <o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>Southwestern North Carolina RC&D Council<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>United Plant Savers<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE><o:p> </o:p></PRE><PRE>"Truth has to be repeated constantly, because Error also is being preached all the time, and not just by a few, but by the multitude. <o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>In the Press and Encyclopaedias, in Schools and Universities, everywhere Error holds sway, feeling happy and comfortable in the knowledge of having Majority on its side." <o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>-Goethe<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE><o:p> </o:p></PRE></DIV><PRE wrap=""><HR SIZE=4 width="90%">
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