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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:black">Hi All, and
thanks Russ and Patricia for the info and update.<br>
<br>
I have a question for the group especially in light of this example of where </span><span style="font-family:Arial">Microstegium has become such a pest and there is much
focus on and money spent preventing the spread/introduction of and/or
controlling "exotic invasive" species. Using that same terminology,
"exotic invasive" as something that occurs naturally outside the
habitat into which it is introduced and thus becomes a problem, I am curious as
to why we as a group in specific as well as our society in general does not
voice more "concern" (put mildly) over the introduction, whether
intentional or accidental, of "new" genetically modified organisms
into the environment? <br>
<br>
To introduce a species into a new environment or habitat is one thing, but to
take a previously unknown (with regards to it habits in an uncontrolled
environment) species and to allow or perhaps fail to prevent it's introduction
into the biosphere seems like a much more dangerous proposition in terms of
potential consequences. Furthermore, many agencies and bureaus within or under
the umbrella of the same (US in this case) government are avidly promoting the
control of these naturally occurring exotics while "sister" agencies
are not only allowing but sometimes promoting the use of and introduction
into the natural world these previously unknown genetically modified
organisms, GMOs if you will.<br>
<br>
I have read that scientific research of exotic invasives show a net negative
effect on the ecosystems within which they invade in terms of threatening
biodiversity, thus prompting efforts to prevent their spread or failing that,
initiate their control. I have also read of scientific research that says that
GMO's however, while completely unknown as to their interspecific interactions
outside of a controlled environment pose no threat. This of course begs another
question. Does scientific methodology vary from agency to agency as the
scenario created is otherwise completely void of any and all logic.<br>
<br>
Any thoughts, anyone?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial">And, not coincidentally this
recent interview of Dr. Huber, a noted plant pathologist from Purdue University
may be of some interest to some of you: <b>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzlwAAf9DRg</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial">Thanks and I'll be looking
forward to replies,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial">Robin</span></p>
<blockquote style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid">-----Original Message-----
<br>From: Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov
<br>Sent: May 16, 2011 12:35 PM
<br>To: ForestRuss@aol.com
<br>Cc: mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org
<br>Subject: Re: [MPWG] Bipolaris in WV
<br><br>
<br><font face="sans-serif" size="2">So, I see that this fungus is native
to Appalachia. Has the research also looked into whether/how this fungus
is impacting native plants in the understory (such as black cohosh)? </font>
<br>
<br><font face="sans-serif" size="2">I've just seen mention in a 2008 report
that anthracnose was diagnosed on black cohosh (and pitcher plants) that
year, which may be the black splotching I saw on BC in the woods a couple
years ago. See VaTech's Plant Disease Clinic 2008 Report for further
info on that (p. iv): </font><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ppws.vt.edu/%7Eclinic/reports/clinic_report_2008.pdf"><font face="sans-serif" size="2">http://www.ppws.vt.edu/~clinic/reports/clinic_report_2008.pdf</font></a>
<br>
<br><font face="sans-serif" size="2">Thanks,</font>
<br><font face="sans-serif" size="2">Patricia</font>
<br>
<br><font face="sans-serif" size="2">Patricia S. De Angelis, Ph.D.<br>
Botanist - Division of Scientific Authority<br>
Chair - Plant Conservation Alliance - Medicinal Plant Working Group<br>
US Fish & Wildlife Service<br>
4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 110<br>
Arlington, VA 22203<br>
703-358-1708 x1753<br>
FAX: 703-358-2276<br>
<br>
Promoting sustainable use and conservation of our native medicinal plants.<br>
<www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal><br>
</font>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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<td width="40%"><font face="sans-serif" size="1"><b>ForestRuss@aol.com</b>
</font>
<br><font face="sans-serif" size="1">Sent by: mpwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</font>
<p><font face="sans-serif" size="1">05/16/2011 11:01 AM</font>
</p></td><td width="59%">
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<td>
<div align="right"><font face="sans-serif" size="1">To</font></div>
</td><td><font face="sans-serif" size="1">MPWG@lists.plantconservation.org</font>
</td></tr><tr valign="top">
<td>
<div align="right"><font face="sans-serif" size="1">cc</font></div>
</td><td>
</td></tr><tr valign="top">
<td>
<div align="right"><font face="sans-serif" size="1">Subject</font></div>
</td><td><font face="sans-serif" size="1">[MPWG] Bipolaris in WV</font></td></tr></tbody></table>
<br>
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<td>
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<br>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">MPWG:</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">The Bipolaris fungus has again appeared in
central WV.</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">The first Microstegium plants started to
germinate in mid April and within two weeks seedlings were starting to
sport Bipolaris lesions. In many locations the lower blades of the
stiltgrass plants had already died and in a few areas the plants appeared
to die almost as soon as they germinated. The photo below was taken
in an area that is at the leading edge of a SG invasion....hopefully the
end of a SG invasion.</font>
<br>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">In some areas nearly every individual stiltgrass
plant was showing signs of infection by Bipolaris within two weeks of gernination.
</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">By mid May the infection has spread throughout
this population. In many areas the stiltgrass is becoming non competitive
as the foliage dies back and the surrounding native vegetation overtakes
and dominates the ground cover.</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">The "persistent" thatch produced
by stiltgrass that lives through its' full life cycle appears to rot very
quickly in the face of a Bipolaris infection. There are some areas
where Bipolaris has been active for several years and neither thatch or
healthy Mv seedlings are present.</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">For people wishing to see Bipolaris in action,
we will be hosting a program at Crummies Creek Demonstration Forest in
cooperation with the West Virginia University Extension, the Woodland Owners
Association of WV and the National Woodland Owners Association on Saturday
June 25 and some of the session will involve visits to areas where Bipolaris
has been active for several years as well as areas subjected to annual
mechanical control for over ten years. </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">Special permits to move Bipolaris infected
plants to other parts of West Virginia are available through the WV Department
of Agriculture. Intentional movement of diseased plants from WV is
possible as long as a permit is obtained from APHIS. </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">However, Bipolaris, which appears to be native
to the central Appalachians showed up in Maryland and Virginia last year
and the wet spring of 2011 has not hampered the spread of the fungus so
it should be expected in more locations this summer.</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">Look for additional updates as the growing
season progresses.</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">Sincerely,</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">Russ Richardson, Certified Forester</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">PO Box 207</font>
<br><font face="Arial" size="2">Arnoldsburg, WV 25234</font><tt><font size="2"><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
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</font></tt></a>
<br></blockquote></body><pre>
Robin Alton Suggs
MoonBranch Botanicals
5294 Yellow Creek Road
Robbinsville, North Carolina 28771
USA
Telephone: 828.479.2788
Email: moonbranch@earthlink.net
Websites:
www.moonbranch.com & www.localharvest.org/store/M16074
Member:
Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project; Farm Partner
Green Products Alliance
North Carolina Consortium on Natural Medicines
North Carolina Goodness Grows/NCDA&CS
Southwestern North Carolina RC&D Council
United Plant Savers
"Truth has to be repeated constantly, because Error also is being preached all the time, and not just by a few, but by the multitude.
In the Press and Encyclopaedias, in Schools and Universities, everywhere Error holds sway, feeling happy and comfortable in the knowledge of having Majority on its side."
-Goethe
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