<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Hello,<div><br><div>I am a Botanical Conservation Masters student based in Plymouth, UK, researching identification and conservation issues related to the Epimedium species as used in traditional chinese medicine, collectively known as Herba Epimedii. The species list includes: </div><div><br></div><!--StartFragment-->
<ul style="margin-top:0cm" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri"><i>E.
brevicornu </i></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri">Maxim. (note - the Latin name of this is widely misspelt, including in the Chinese Materia Medica.)<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;mso-ansi-language:SV"><i>E. sagittatum </i></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:SV">(Sieb.&
Zucc.) Maxim.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri"><i>E.
pubescens </i></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri">Maxim.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri"><i>E.
wushanense </i></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri">T.S.Ying<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri"><i>E.
koreanum </i></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri">Nakai<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: medium; "><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri"><i>E.
acuminatum </i></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri">Franch.</span></span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Calibri">E. <i>grandiflorum</i> Morren. <i>var. thunbergianum</i> (Miq.) Nakai III<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; "> (from Japan but used more widely in the US than China.)</span></font></li></ul><div>We're especially investigating verification of the correct species through marker compounds and possibly DNA, to help identify substitutions and to aid traceability. I'd appreciate hearing from anyone with any working knowledge, experience, links etc. relating to this group of plants. I'm particularly interested in any cultivation of these species being done for medicine supply purposes. They are wild-harvested in China for TCM supply. (I don't know about Japan.) I'm working on this project in conjunction with Kew Gardens.<br><br>Any responses much appreciated.<br><br>Pat Fleming<br><br><i><b>School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK.</b></i><br></div></div></body></html>