<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif">Hi Tony! </font>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif">Thanks for your message. I just
want to clarify that Gary is asking about cultivation information. This
e-mail was not an announcement of listing action. </font>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif">The "article" below is an
excerpt from the "Plants" button on the MPWG website (which is
called Green Medicine, <www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal>). The
information is a bit dated as it was written a few years back and I hope
that we can soon update it. </font>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif">According to the NatureServe website
(http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/), which is an important source of
information for the federal government, the global status of this species
is secure. </font>
<br>
<form action=http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe>
<table border=4 width=100%>
<tr>
<td colspan=2 bgcolor=#cccc99><font size=2 face="Arial"><b>U.S. & Canada
State/Province Status</b></font><font size=3> </font>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=white><font size=2 face="Arial">United States </font>
<td bgcolor=white><font size=2 face="Arial">Alabama (S3), Connecticut (SNR),
Delaware (S5), District of Columbia (SNR), Georgia (S4), Illinois (S1),
Indiana (S3), Kentucky (S4), Maine (SNR), Maryland (SNR), Massachusetts
(SNR), Michigan (SNR), Minnesota (SNR), New Hampshire (SNR), New Jersey
(S4), New York (S4), North Carolina (S5), Ohio (SNR), Pennsylvania (SNR),
Rhode Island (S4), South Carolina (SNR), Tennessee (S4), Vermont (SNR),
Virginia (S5), West Virginia (S5), Wisconsin (SNR) </font>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=white><font size=2 face="Arial">Canada </font>
<td bgcolor=white><font size=2 face="Arial">Alberta (S3), Labrador (SU),
Manitoba (S4), New Brunswick (S4S5), Newfoundland Island (S4), Northwest
Territories (SNR), Nova Scotia (S5), Ontario (S5), Prince Edward Island
(S5), Quebec (S5), Saskatchewan (S4?) </font></table>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif">It's important to be cautious in using
this information as it is not complete about this information as it is
not complete (State-by-state status varies from no information to secure)
and may not have been updated recently (the status hasn't changed since
1984; the status was reviewed in 2002). But, it's important to note
the listing in Appendix II of CITES makes it illegal to export without
a permit - not illegal to export. </font>
<br></form>
<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif">I think you are absolutely right that
issues such as fair trade, community forestry, sustainable livelihoods
should not be thought of as something you do abroad. Our country
needs to be more introspective, we need to stop sending our graduate students
overseas to do their research, we need to have more US-based development/funding
programs that facilitate opportunities for value-added medicinal plant
products WITHIN the regions that they are harvested, we need to do a better
job of tracking and accounting for the monetary value of medicinal plants
to our economies and livelihoods, we need to value the harvesters and the
products a lot more than we do. </font>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif">Unfortunately, I don't have the time
to pull something together, but would I'd be interested in seeing more
information on the effect of habitat destruction on medcinal plants - are
you aware of any recent information or analysis that could serve as a starting
point? </font>
<br>
<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif">Thank you,</font>
<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif">-Patricia</font>
<br>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Patricia S. De Angelis, Ph.D.<br>
Botanist - Division of Scientific Authority<br>
Chair - Plant Conservation Alliance - Medicinal Plant Working Group<br>
US Fish & Wildlife Service<br>
4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 750<br>
Arlington, VA 22203<br>
703-358-1708 x1753<br>
FAX: 703-358-2276<br>
Working for the conservation and sustainable use of our green natural resources.<br>
<www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal><br>
</font>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<table width=100%>
<tr valign=top>
<td width=40%><font size=1 face="sans-serif"><b>Tony Hayes <herbalogic@yahoo.com></b>
</font>
<p><font size=1 face="sans-serif">04/25/2007 11:28 PM</font>
<td width=59%>
<table width=100%>
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<td>
<div align=right><font size=1 face="sans-serif">To</font></div>
<td><font size=1 face="sans-serif">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov, mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org</font>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<div align=right><font size=1 face="sans-serif">cc</font></div>
<td>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<div align=right><font size=1 face="sans-serif">Subject</font></div>
<td><font size=1 face="sans-serif">Re: [MPWG] Fw: Pink Lady's Slipper cultivation</font></table>
<br>
<table>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<td></table>
<br></table>
<br>
<br>
<br><font size=3>I am reminded of the fiasco we had back in the eighties
when FWS and CITES decided to list this and other Orchid species under
Appendix II.</font>
<br><font size=3>The federal register came out with the OSA finding and
suddenly a few States including Georgia over reacted and immediately forbid
any legal trade in these plants.</font>
<br><font size=3>Ironically there was a very successful cultivation of
C. acaule going on in North Georgia until it became illegal to sell the
plant material due to the plants CITES listing and the States reaction
to same.</font>
<br><font size=3>The company I worked for at the time had old Lady Slipper
stock that was grandfathered so we applied for and received an export permit
but our customer in Germany had to apply for an import permit and it was
not issued until after our original permit expired and we were not allowed
to renew so we moved it out bit by bit domestically over a long period
of time.</font>
<br><font size=3>We basically gave up on producing it in the US. Then I
got involved with a group in Quebec that did some timber thinning and other
minimal site manipulation that lead to increased populations of this and
some other targeted understory species back in the nineties but it didn't
pay off either. </font>
<br><font size=3>Now as stated below in the " Greeen Machine"
article there is a very limited commercial market demand for "poor
man's Valerian". It's hard enough to make a living growing V. officinalis
in this country, anyway that's another story.</font>
<br><font size=3>I just returned from another road trip today to pick up
a few roots. Got up at 5:30 AM and back home around 8:30 PM after driving
through the Appalachians. It is obvious that clear cutting timber for strip
mining, shopping centers, multi-lane highways and worst of all mountain
top removal among other development is depleting our habitat and destroying
more flora than we can imagine.</font>
<br><font size=3>I can supply seed or cuttings for many at risk species
but they can't make it on asphalt and concrete.</font>
<br><font size=3>I would ask our Public officials and CITES representatives
to consider looking more at the large natural resource corporations and
developers instead of the lower income rural families to solve this dilemma.
</font>
<br><font size=3>Listing species on CITES is not a silver bullet to saving
them from a few diggers as a matter of fact if they were not recognized
by a few for there potential they would probably not be as prolific as
they are in many cases.</font>
<br><font size=3>Industry and consumers need to understand that "Fair
Trade" needs to apply not only to "3rd world" and "developing
economies" but to rural Appalachia and other rural parts of North
America as well. Maybe if we consider this going forward a few poor folks
in Southern Appalachia can cultivate these plants legally and profitably
once again as they did before some well meaning person in a glass cage
with a degree and a computer came along and fixed it for them.</font>
<br><font size=3> </font>
<br><font size=3>Best regards,</font>
<br><font size=3>Tony</font>
<br><font size=3><b><i><br>
Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</i></b> wrote:</font>
<br><font size=3 face="sans-serif"><br>
Forwarding a question from someone about Pink Lady's Slipper cultivation.
</font><font size=3> <br>
</font><font size=4 face="sans-serif"><br>
Please respond directly to <b>Gary Crivellone: <gary1star@comcast.net></b>
</font><font size=2 face="sans-serif"><br>
</font><font size=3><br>
</font><font size=1 color=#800080 face="sans-serif"><br>
----- Forwarded by Patricia De Angelis/ARL/R9/FWS/DOI on 04/25/2007 01:38
PM -----</font><font size=3> </font>
<table width=100%>
<tr valign=top>
<td width=64%><font size=1 face="sans-serif"><b>"Pacific Federal Resources
/Gary Crivellone" <gary1star@comcast.net></b> </font>
<br><font size=1 face="sans-serif">04/23/2007 04:29 PM</font><font size=3>
</font>
<td width=35%>
<table width=100%>
<tr valign=top>
<td width=19%>
<div align=right><font size=1 face="sans-serif">To</font></div>
<td width=80%><font size=1 face="sans-serif"><Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov></font><font size=3>
</font>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<div align=right><font size=1 face="sans-serif">cc</font></div>
<td>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<div align=right><font size=1 face="sans-serif">Subject</font></div>
<td><font size=1 face="sans-serif">Pink Lady's Slipper</font></table>
<br>
<br>
<table width=100%>
<tr valign=top>
<td width=49%>
<td width=50%></table>
<br></table>
<br><font size=3><br>
<br>
</font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
Patricia</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
Green Medicine published this incomplete info on pink lady’s Slipper.
What I am looking for is what </font><font size=3 face="Arial">fungal mycelia
</font><font size=2 face="Arial">is required for the cultivation.</font><font size=3>
</font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
If you could be of assistance.</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
THANKS</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
GARY CRIVELLONE</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
</font><font size=3> </font>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Arial"><b>Pink Lady's Slipper</b></font><font size=3>
<br>
</font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
Photo Copyright 2000 </font><a href="http://www.nps.gov/cgi-bin/intercept3?http://www.stevenfoster.com"><font size=2 color=blue face="Arial"><u>www.stevenfoster.com</u></font></a><font size=3 face="Times New Roman">
</font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
(<i>Cypripedium acaule</i>)</font></div>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">Pink lady's slipper is a large, showy wildflower
belonging to the orchid family. The root of lady's slipper has traditionally
been used as a remedy for nervousness, tooth pain, and muscle spasms. In
the 1800's and 1900's it (and other species of the genus) were widely used
as a substitute for the European plant valerian (also a sedative). </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">Because this plant has an extremely long
life cycle, taking many years to go from seed to mature, seed-bearing plant,
and because it will grow only in very specific circumstances, the harvest
of wild lady's slipper root is often not sustainable. Cultivation is challenging,
and the plant has not been widely grown for the medicinal herb market.
Cypripedium, along with other orchid species, is listed in Appendix II
of CITES, making it illegal to export any part of the plant without a permit.
In 1988, the American Herbal Products Association issued a self-regulatory
initiative for its members requiring them to refrain from trade in wild-harvested
Cypripedium. </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial">Today, there are only a few companies selling
lady's slipper or products containing lady's slipper. The plant is still
occasionally gathered from the wild for private use by individuals, and
is sometimes picked as an ornamental. Perhaps the greatest threat to this
plant, however, is habitat loss, since it grows only in a very selective
habitat </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Arial"><b>Cultivation:</b> Pink lady's slipper grows
in calcium-containing soils, in forested areas. It has thus far proven
nearly impossible to cultivate in a way that would make it feasible as
a cash crop. It requires that certain fungal mycelia be present in the
soil, so it is almost necessary to grow it in a forested area which either
does contain wild lady's slipper, or is at least the type of environment
where it is normally found. Usually this means a wet forest area, with
dappled shade. Success has been reported in growing lady's slippers in
a controlled laboratory environment, but the cost of this generally makes
it unprofitable as a medicinal herb.</font><font size=3> </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font><font size=3> </font><font size=2 face="Arial"><br>
</font><font size=3> _______________________________________________<br>
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<br><font size=3><br>
<br>
</font>
<p><font size=3> </font>
<p><font size=3><i>Anthony J. Hayes, President</i></font>
<br><font size=3><i>Ridge Runner Trading Company, Inc.</i></font>
<br><font size=3><i>P.O. Box 391</i></font>
<br><font size=3><i>Boone, NC 28607</i></font>
<br><font size=3><i>PH: 828.264.3615</i></font>
<br><font size=3><i>FX: 828.262.3605</i></font>
<br><a href=mailto:herbalogic@yahoo.com><font size=3 color=blue><i><u>herbalogic@yahoo.com</u></i></font></a>
<br>