<DIV>Hello again folks,</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>Patricia has made a good point in reminding us that the initial post requested info specific to cultivation and not regulatory listing. </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>While I am not aware of which Fungal mycelia is essential for the survival of C. acaule under cultivation, I understood from the grower I referenced that pollination was his biggest hurdle. To imitate a specific wasp he used cotton tip swabs to transfer pollen between individuals.</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>Also levels of decaying matter on the forest floor increased at a higher than normal rate during the site manipulation and enhancement studies carried on in Quebec. Basically evergreen tree thinning and mulch mowing where the two main tools used on the test site with the largest population increase of C. acaule. </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>My personal observations in
the wild have shown me a common relationship with evergreen trees and their decaying barks. My guess is someone has already tested soil samples taken from within native populations for microbials, etc. and hopefully we can all get a chance to learn about it. </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>Many of you may have noticed that I very rarely respond to these postings even though I review them regularly. I have been monitoring the MPWG list serve for a good while with many thanks to you all for your participation. I must admit this particular situation struck a nerve of mine. </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>As to references for habitat destruction and effect on medicinal plants I will first refer to reports given last November during an American Ginseng workshop sponsored by the KY Dept. Ag. and concerning loss of habitat through development as the largest single reason for loss of
test plots during the State sponsored multi year monitoring program. I assume these findings are reported periodically to FWS/OSA and are on file.</DIV> <DIV>Here is an article many of us read just last week on Mountain Top removal <SPAN class=a><FONT color=#008000><U><A href="http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-18-mines_N.htm">www.<B>usa</B><B>today</B>.com/news/nation/2007-04-18-mines_N.htm</A></U></FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV>I want to put in a plug for Appalachian Voices here in Boone, NC so please check out <SPAN class=a><FONT color=#008000><A href="http://www.ilovemountains.org/multimedia">www.ilovemountains.org/multimedia</A> </FONT><FONT color=#000000>for a better idea of what's going on in, or should I say coming off our mountains?</FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>Best regards,</DIV> <DIV>Tony<BR><BR><B><I>Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</I></B> wrote:</DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE
class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid"><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3>Hi Tony! </FONT> <BR><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3>Thanks for your message. I just want to clarify that Gary is asking about cultivation information. This e-mail was not an announcement of listing action. </FONT> <BR><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3>The "article" below is an excerpt from the "Plants" button on the MPWG website (which is called Green Medicine, <www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal>). The information is a bit dated as it was written a few years back and I hope that we can soon update it. </FONT> <BR><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3>According to the NatureServe website (http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/), which is an important source of information for the federal government, the global status of this species is secure. </FONT> <BR> <FORM
action=http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe> <TABLE width="100%" border=4> <TBODY> <TR> <TD bgColor=#cccc99 colSpan=2><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>U.S. & Canada State/Province Status</B></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT> <TR> <TD bgColor=white><FONT face=Arial size=2>United States </FONT> <TD bgColor=white><FONT face=Arial size=2>Alabama (S3), Connecticut (SNR), Delaware (S5), District of Columbia (SNR), Georgia (S4), Illinois (S1), Indiana (S3), Kentucky (S4), Maine (SNR), Maryland (SNR), Massachusetts (SNR), Michigan (SNR), Minnesota (SNR), New Hampshire (SNR), New Jersey (S4), New York (S4), North Carolina (S5), Ohio (SNR), Pennsylvania (SNR), Rhode Island (S4), South Carolina (SNR), Tennessee (S4), Vermont (SNR), Virginia (S5), West Virginia (S5), Wisconsin (SNR) </FONT> <TR> <TD bgColor=white><FONT face=Arial size=2>Canada </FONT> <TD bgColor=white><FONT face=Arial size=2>Alberta (S3), Labrador (SU), Manitoba (S4), New Brunswick (S4S5),
Newfoundland Island (S4), Northwest Territories (SNR), Nova Scotia (S5), Ontario (S5), Prince Edward Island (S5), Quebec (S5), Saskatchewan (S4?) </FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3>It's important to be cautious in using this information as it is not complete about this information as it is not complete (State-by-state status varies from no information to secure) and may not have been updated recently (the status hasn't changed since 1984; the status was reviewed in 2002). But, it's important to note the listing in Appendix II of CITES makes it illegal to export without a permit - not illegal to export. </FONT> <BR></FORM><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3>I think you are absolutely right that issues such as fair trade, community forestry, sustainable livelihoods should not be thought of as something you do abroad. Our country needs to be more introspective, we need to stop sending our graduate students overseas to do their
research, we need to have more US-based development/funding programs that facilitate opportunities for value-added medicinal plant products WITHIN the regions that they are harvested, we need to do a better job of tracking and accounting for the monetary value of medicinal plants to our economies and livelihoods, we need to value the harvesters and the products a lot more than we do. </FONT> <BR><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3>Unfortunately, I don't have the time to pull something together, but would I'd be interested in seeing more information on the effect of habitat destruction on medcinal plants - are you aware of any recent information or analysis that could serve as a starting point? </FONT> <BR><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3>Thank you,</FONT> <BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3>-Patricia</FONT> <BR><BR><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=2>Patricia S. De Angelis, Ph.D.<BR>Botanist - Division of Scientific Authority<BR>Chair - Plant Conservation Alliance -
Medicinal Plant Working Group<BR>US Fish & Wildlife Service<BR>4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 750<BR>Arlington, VA 22203<BR>703-358-1708 x1753<BR>FAX: 703-358-2276<BR>Working for the conservation and sustainable use of our green natural resources.<BR><www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal><BR></FONT><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE width="100%"> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD width="40%"><FONT face=sans-serif size=1><B>Tony Hayes <herbalogic@yahoo.com></B> </FONT> <DIV><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>04/25/2007 11:28 PM</FONT> </DIV> <TD width="59%"> <TABLE width="100%"> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <DIV align=right><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>To</FONT></DIV> <TD><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov, mpwg@lists.plantconservation.org</FONT> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <DIV align=right><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>cc</FONT></DIV> <TD> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <DIV align=right><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>Subject</FONT></DIV> <TD><FONT face=sans-serif
size=1>Re: [MPWG] Fw: Pink Lady's Slipper cultivation</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <TD></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><FONT size=3>I am reminded of the fiasco we had back in the eighties when FWS and CITES decided to list this and other Orchid species under Appendix II.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>The federal register came out with the OSA finding and suddenly a few States including Georgia over reacted and immediately forbid any legal trade in these plants.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>Ironically there was a very successful cultivation of C. acaule going on in North Georgia until it became illegal to sell the plant material due to the plants CITES listing and the States reaction to same.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>The company I worked for at the time had old Lady Slipper stock that was grandfathered so we applied for and received an export permit but our customer in Germany had to apply for an
import permit and it was not issued until after our original permit expired and we were not allowed to renew so we moved it out bit by bit domestically over a long period of time.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>We basically gave up on producing it in the US. Then I got involved with a group in Quebec that did some timber thinning and other minimal site manipulation that lead to increased populations of this and some other targeted understory species back in the nineties but it didn't pay off either. </FONT><BR><FONT size=3>Now as stated below in the " Greeen Machine" article there is a very limited commercial market demand for "poor man's Valerian". It's hard enough to make a living growing V. officinalis in this country, anyway that's another story.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>I just returned from another road trip today to pick up a few roots. Got up at 5:30 AM and back home around 8:30 PM after driving through the Appalachians. It is obvious that clear cutting timber for strip
mining, shopping centers, multi-lane highways and worst of all mountain top removal among other development is depleting our habitat and destroying more flora than we can imagine.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>I can supply seed or cuttings for many at risk species but they can't make it on asphalt and concrete.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>I would ask our Public officials and CITES representatives to consider looking more at the large natural resource corporations and developers instead of the lower income rural families to solve this dilemma. </FONT><BR><FONT size=3>Listing species on CITES is not a silver bullet to saving them from a few diggers as a matter of fact if they were not recognized by a few for there potential they would probably not be as prolific as they are in many cases.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>Industry and consumers need to understand that "Fair Trade" needs to apply not only to "3rd world" and "developing economies" but to rural Appalachia and other rural parts of
North America as well. Maybe if we consider this going forward a few poor folks in Southern Appalachia can cultivate these plants legally and profitably once again as they did before some well meaning person in a glass cage with a degree and a computer came along and fixed it for them.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3> </FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>Best regards,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3>Tony</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3><B><I><BR>Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</I></B> wrote:</FONT> <BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=3><BR>Forwarding a question from someone about Pink Lady's Slipper cultivation. </FONT><FONT size=3> <BR></FONT><FONT face=sans-serif size=4><BR>Please respond directly to <B>Gary Crivellone: <gary1star@comcast.net></B> </FONT><FONT face=sans-serif size=2><BR></FONT><FONT size=3><BR></FONT><FONT face=sans-serif color=#800080 size=1><BR>----- Forwarded by Patricia De Angelis/ARL/R9/FWS/DOI on 04/25/2007 01:38 PM -----</FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT> <TABLE width="100%">
<TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD width="64%"><FONT face=sans-serif size=1><B>"Pacific Federal Resources /Gary Crivellone" <gary1star@comcast.net></B> </FONT><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>04/23/2007 04:29 PM</FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT> <TD width="35%"> <TABLE width="100%"> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD width="19%"> <DIV align=right><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>To</FONT></DIV> <TD width="80%"><FONT face=sans-serif size=1><Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <DIV align=right><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>cc</FONT></DIV> <TD> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <DIV align=right><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>Subject</FONT></DIV> <TD><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>Pink Lady's Slipper</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><BR> <TABLE width="100%"> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD width="49%"> <TD width="50%"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><FONT size=3><BR><BR></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2><BR>Patricia</FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>Green Medicine published this incomplete info on pink lady’s Slipper. What I am looking for is what </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=3>fungal mycelia </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>is required for the cultivation.</FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>If you could be of assistance.</FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>THANKS</FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>GARY CRIVELLONE</FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT> <DIV
align=center><BR><FONT face=Arial size=5><B>Pink Lady's Slipper</B></FONT><FONT size=3> <BR></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>Photo Copyright 2000 </FONT><A href="http://www.nps.gov/cgi-bin/intercept3?http://www.stevenfoster.com"><FONT face=Arial color=blue size=2><U>www.stevenfoster.com</U></FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>(<I>Cypripedium acaule</I>)</FONT></DIV><BR><FONT face=Arial size=3>Pink lady's slipper is a large, showy wildflower belonging to the orchid family. The root of lady's slipper has traditionally been used as a remedy for nervousness, tooth pain, and muscle spasms. In the 1800's and 1900's it (and other species of the genus) were widely used as a substitute for the European plant valerian (also a sedative). </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=3>Because this plant has an extremely long life cycle, taking many years to go from seed to mature, seed-bearing plant, and because it will grow only in very specific
circumstances, the harvest of wild lady's slipper root is often not sustainable. Cultivation is challenging, and the plant has not been widely grown for the medicinal herb market. Cypripedium, along with other orchid species, is listed in Appendix II of CITES, making it illegal to export any part of the plant without a permit. In 1988, the American Herbal Products Association issued a self-regulatory initiative for its members requiring them to refrain from trade in wild-harvested Cypripedium. </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=3>Today, there are only a few companies selling lady's slipper or products containing lady's slipper. The plant is still occasionally gathered from the wild for private use by individuals, and is sometimes picked as an ornamental. Perhaps the greatest threat to this plant, however, is habitat loss, since it grows only in a very selective habitat </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=3><B>Cultivation:</B> Pink lady's slipper grows in calcium-containing
soils, in forested areas. It has thus far proven nearly impossible to cultivate in a way that would make it feasible as a cash crop. It requires that certain fungal mycelia be present in the soil, so it is almost necessary to grow it in a forested area which either does contain wild lady's slipper, or is at least the type of environment where it is normally found. Usually this means a wet forest area, with dappled shade. Success has been reported in growing lady's slippers in a controlled laboratory environment, but the cost of this generally makes it unprofitable as a medicinal herb.</FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><BR></FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR></FONT><FONT size=3> _______________________________________________<BR>PCA's Medicinal Plant Working Group mailing list<BR>MPWG@lists.plantconservation.org<BR>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/mpwg_lists.plantconservation.org<BR><BR>To
unsubscribe, send an e-mail to MPWG-request@lists.plantconservation.org with the word "unsubscribe" in the subject line.<BR><BR>Disclaimer <BR>Any advice given on this list regarding diagnosis or treatments etc. reflects ONLY the opinion of the individual who posts the message. The information contained in posts is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice relative to your specific medical condition or question. All medical and other healthcare information that is discussed on this list should be carefully reviewed by the individual reader and their qualified healthcare professional. Posts do not reflect any official opinions or positions of the Plant Conservation Alliance. </FONT><BR><FONT size=3><BR><BR></FONT> <DIV><FONT size=3></FONT> <DIV><FONT size=3><I>Anthony J. Hayes, President</I></FONT> <BR><FONT size=3><I>Ridge Runner Trading Company, Inc.</I></FONT> <BR><FONT size=3><I>P.O. Box 391</I></FONT> <BR><FONT size=3><I>Boone, NC
28607</I></FONT> <BR><FONT size=3><I>PH: 828.264.3615</I></FONT> <BR><FONT size=3><I>FX: 828.262.3605</I></FONT> <BR><A href="mailto:herbalogic@yahoo.com"><FONT color=blue size=3><I><U>herbalogic@yahoo.com</U></I></FONT></A> <BR>_______________________________________________<BR>PCA's Medicinal Plant Working Group mailing list<BR>MPWG@lists.plantconservation.org<BR>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/mpwg_lists.plantconservation.org<BR><BR>To unsubscribe, send an e-mail to MPWG-request@lists.plantconservation.org with the word "unsubscribe" in the subject line.<BR><BR>Disclaimer <BR>Any advice given on this list regarding diagnosis or treatments etc. reflects ONLY the opinion of the individual who posts the message. The information contained in posts is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice relative to your specific medical condition or question. All medical and other healthcare information that is discussed on this
list should be carefully reviewed by the individual reader and their qualified healthcare professional. Posts do not reflect any official opinions or positions of the Plant Conservation Alliance. </DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><BR><BR><BR><P> </P>
<ADDRESS>Anthony J. Hayes, President</ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS>Ridge Runner Trading Company, Inc.</ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS>P.O. Box 391</ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS>Boone, NC 28607</ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS>PH: 828.264.3615</ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS>FX: 828.262.3605</ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS><A href="mailto:herbalogic@yahoo.com">herbalogic@yahoo.com</A></ADDRESS>