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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>But if you’re wildcrafting on
non-private land, how do you know (or how can you guarantee) that no substances
have been applied while you weren’t watching? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:navy'>Alan Trachtenberg, MD, MPH, Research Director,</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'> <br>
</span></font><font color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Indian Health Service,</span></font><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'> <br>
</span></font><font color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>United States Public Health Service</span></font><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'> <br>
</span></font><font color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Phone: 301-443-0578; fax: 301-443-5685</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'> <br>
</span></font><font color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:windowtext;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:windowtext'> MPWG-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:MPWG-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Michael McGuffin<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, July 07, 2004
05:10 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> mpwg<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [MPWG] Question of
the month: Invasives removal amidst harvestablemedicinals</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>...a tardy comment:<br>
<br>
The message below states, "Because 2% glyphosate is biodegradable, with a
half-life of 25 days, <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>it has been used by
organic farmers</span></b>."<br>
<br>
The problem with this is that the use of glyphosate is not allowed on a farm
that wishes to maintain status as an organic farm nor do agricultural products
produced on such a farm meet the definition of an organic product. USDA has
commented on the relevance of the organic regulations to marketing wild
harvested ingredients as organic, for example:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>A wild crop that is to be sold, labeled, or
represented as "100 percent organic," "organic," or
"made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s))" must be
harvested from a designated area that has had no prohibited substances applied
to it for a period of 3 years immediately preceding the harvest of the wild
crop. The wild crop must also be harvested in a manner that ensures such
harvesting or gathering will not be destructive to the environment and will
sustain the growth and production of the wild crop.<u1:p></u1:p> (Federal
Register, Dec, 21, 2000, page 80560).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>The regulations also state that, in order for a
product to be sold as organic it must be produced and handled without the use
of any synthetic substance (which would include glyphosate) unless it has been
specifically listed in the regulations as allowed for use in organic crop
production (which glyphosate is not). The only herbicides that are allowed are
are "soap-based herbicides," and there use is limited to "use in
farmstead maintenance (roadways, ditches, right of ways, building perimeters)
and ornamental crops.<u1:p></u1:p>"<br>
<br>
Michael McGuffin<br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</a>
wrote:<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<pre wrap=""><font size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Here's the first installment of what I hope will be a regular monthly<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>affair - The Question of the Month. This month's question came about as a<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>result of questions from you - the MPWG listserve!<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>The Question:<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>When plant invasions are beyond mechanical means of control (i.e. hand<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>pulling), are there any chemical methods of control that can be used and<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>still allow one to continue to harvest medicinals (or other plants for<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>human consumption) or, better yet, to retain "organic" status?<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>An Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>You may recall recent e-mails over the MPWG listserve regarding Japanese<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Stilt Grass (JSG). Here is a summary of the information that was provided<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>in that discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> According to Marc Imlay (the Vice-President of the <st1:State
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Maryland</st1:place></st1:State> Native Plant<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Society and member of our sister working group the Alien Plant Working<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Group, with extensive experience in integrated pest management (IPM)),<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> once an invasion is beyond control by mechanical means, 2% glyphosate<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> (a.k.a is Roundup) is an alternative. Because 2% glyphosate is<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> biodegradable, with a half-life of 25 days, it has been used by organic<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> farmers. Following, is a brief discussion of Marc's observations and<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> strategies in invasives removal using 2% gylphosate.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Case Study: Japanese Stilt Grass<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Once mechanical means have been exhusted, "JSG is relatively easy to<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> control. It is extremely sensitive to glyphosate, for example. We<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> apply 2% glyphosate with virtually no impact on native plants because we<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> use our solo 3 gallon backpack sprayer very slowly. We do not linger on<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> each plant but we go very slowly and avoid the natives very easily<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> (spray-to-glisten). Used this way, the chiemical does not migrate, and<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> it biodegrades quickly. Most of the seed bank is gone by the third year<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> and hand pulling becomes appropriate."<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Eradication in action?<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> This excerpt is from actual field notes taken at an invasive eradication<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> site.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Japanese stilt grass - Microstegium vimineum<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Method. In areas where the stiltgrass had formed a monoculture, we<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> used a 2% solution of RoundUp applied with a back pack sprayer, Used<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> this way, RoundUp does not migrate, and it biodegrades quickly. Where<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> the stiltgrass plants were mixed with native plants or adjacent to<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> wetlands (about 5% of the population), volunteers hand-pulled the<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> stiltgrass. We apply 2 % glyphosate with virtually no impact on<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> native plants because we use our solo 3 gallon backpack sprayer very<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> slowly. We do not linger on each plant but we go very slowly and<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> avoid the natives very easily (spray-to-glisten). Sprayers are<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> taught to recognize native plants first. We control stiltgrass before<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> seed is produced and check the following year for results in May or<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> June, as opposed to August or September, because individual stems<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> will grow to expand into the available space and Japanese stilt grass<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> reqrowth from the seed bank will appear to be more extensive than is<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> actually the case.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Summary:<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>This is not intended to be THE solution - it is an approach to the problem.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Before beginning any eradication program, please educate yourself about the<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>"problem" and the options. Learn about the invasive species in question.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Connect with local expertise. Understand the ecosystem in which you are<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>working. Get information on the variety of control mechanisms that are at<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>your disposal and the effect that they have on the ecosystem. Here are<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>some links to get you started...<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Alien Plant Working Group (APWG) Website at: <a
href="http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien">www.nps.gov/plants/alien</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Part of the Plant Conservation Alliance, APWG's site provides <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> information for the general public, land managers, researchers, and <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> others on the serious threat and impacts of invasive alien (exotic, <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> non-native) plants to the native flora, fauna, and natural <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> ecosystems of the <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Their "Weeds Gone Wild: Alien <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Plant Invaders of Natural Areas" provides a compiled national list <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> of invasive plants infesting natural areas throughout the <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region>, <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> background information on the problem of invasive species, <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> illustrated fact sheets that include plant descriptions, native <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> range, distribution and habitat in the <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region>, management options, <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> suggested alternative native plants, and other information, and <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> selected links to relevant people and organizations. Check out the <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Fact Sheet on Japanese Stilt Grass at: <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/mivi1.htm">http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/mivi1.htm</a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Ways to get involved in APWG! <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> write an invasives fact sheet ( <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/list/authorinfo.htm">http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/list/authorinfo.htm</a>), or <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> join their listserve ( <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/maillist.htm">http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/maillist.htm</a>) <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>The IUCN-Invasive Species Specialist Group at: <a
href="http://www.invasives.org">www.invasives.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> The Invasive Species Specialist <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Group (ISSG) is part of the <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Species Survival Commission (SSC) <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> of The World Conservation <st1:place
w:st="on">Union</st1:place> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> (IUCN). The ISSG is a global <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> group of 146 scientific and <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> policy experts on invasive <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> species from 41 countries. <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Membership is by invitation from <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> the group chair, but everyone's <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> participation in the discussion <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> on invasives is encouraged. In <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> addition, to its headquarters in <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Auckland</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">New Zealand</st1:country-region></st1:place>, ISSG has <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> three regional sections in North <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <st1:country-region
w:st="on">America</st1:country-region>, Europe, and <st1:place w:st="on">South Asia</st1:place>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Restoration Working Group (RWG) Website at: <a
href="http://www.nps.gov/plants/restore">www.nps.gov/plants/restore</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> The mission of the Plant Conservation Alliance's Restoration Working<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Group (RWG) is to facilitate the implementation of numerous successful<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> restoration projects throughout the country. RWG has developed action<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> items in the areas of Federal Policies and Guidelines, Funding,<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Research, Resources, Prevention, and Public Outreach.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> National Park Service Exotic Plant Management <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Teams at: <a
href="http://www.nature.nps.gov/biology/invasive">www.nature.nps.gov/biology/invasive</a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> species/ <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Exotic plants infest approximately 2.6 <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> million acres in the national parks. <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Invasive animals are affecting 234 parks. <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> "Control of exotic species is one of the <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> most significant land management issues <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> facing national parks." Seventeen Exotic <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Plant Mangement Teams have been deployed <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> throughout the <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> to combat exotic plant <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> invasions in the national park system. <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Native Plant Societies at: <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> michbotclub.org/links/native_plant_society.htm <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Native plant societies are a great source of information and volunteers<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> (for pulls). This link provides a pretty comprehensive list of Native<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Plant Societies in the <st1:country-region
w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Join one near you!<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Glyphosate Fact Sheets:<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Environmental Protection Agency Consumer Factsheet on GLYPHOSATE <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a
href="http://www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/dw_contamfs/glyphosa.html">www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/dw_contamfs/glyphosa.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Glyphosate Pesticide Fact Sheet Prepared for the <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Department of<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Agriculture, <st1:place
w:st="on">Forest</st1:place> Service by Information Ventures, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>infoventures.com/e-hlth/pestcide/glyphos.html<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Send me your ideas!<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Please send me any suggestions for future topics - be sure to indicate<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>whether you can actually assist in "investigating" the topic. Topics<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>should relate to native medicinals (with some leeway) and should be<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>thought-provoking and, at the very least, informative! We have an idea in<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>mind for August - otherwise, the calendar is wide open. Send ideas to<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a
href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov"><Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>- - - - -<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Patricia S. De Angelis, Ph.D.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Botanist - Division of Scientific Authority<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Chair - Plant Conservation <st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Alliance</st1:place></st1:City> - Medicinal Plant Working Group<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>US Fish & Wildlife Service<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><st1:Street
w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 750</span></font></st1:address></st1:Street><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Arlington</span></font></st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">VA</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">22203</st1:PostalCode></st1:place><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>703-358-1708 x1753<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>FAX: 703-358-2276<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Working for the conservation and sustainable use of our green natural<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>resources.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><<a
href="http://www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal">www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal</a>><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>MPWG mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a
href="mailto:MPWG@lists.plantconservation.org">MPWG@lists.plantconservation.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a
href="http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/mpwg_lists.plantconservation.org">http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/mpwg_lists.plantconservation.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>To unsubscribe, send an e-mail to <a
href="mailto:MPWG-request@lists.plantconservation.org">MPWG-request@lists.plantconservation.org</a> with the word "unsubscribe" in the subject line.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Disclaimer <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Any advice given on this list regarding diagnosis or treatments etc. reflects ONLY the opinion of the individual who posts the message. The information contained in posts is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice relative to your specific medical condition or question. All medical and other healthcare information that is discussed on this list should be carefully reviewed by the individual reader and their qualified healthcare professional. Posts do not reflect any official opinions or positions of the Plant Conservation Alliance. <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<pre><font size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>-- <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Michael McGuffin, President<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>American Herbal Products Association<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><st1:Street
w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>8484 Georgia Avenue, Suite 370</span></font></st1:address></st1:Street><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Silver Spring</span></font></st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">MD</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">20910</st1:PostalCode></st1:place><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Telephone 301-588-1171 x 201<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Fax 301-588-1174<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre></div>
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