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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:34.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#008294'>Invasive Species of the Month: Lesser Celandine (Fig Buttercup)</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#393B3E'> There are <b>currently no biological controls approved for this species, so more research must be done in order to develop working forms. One action you can take is to <a href="http://click.emails.sierraclub.org/?qs=26a60d0d09b2285a7c02c15c92b7775d7fb576b93d7ba8c5038cead0fc6fecd212234235f2a6e8a4d95d859dbf0d2f8b5cc6a22b8d6e5830"><span style='color:#008294'>request that your federal legislators</span></a> allocate funding for a pathogen quarantine facility for research on effective, host-specific, biological control of Lesser Celandine.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:15.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:22.5pt;margin-left:0in;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:34.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#008294'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;color:#54666F'>May 1, 2019</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;color:#54666F'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:15.0pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'><img border=0 width=384 height=257 style='width:4.0in;height:2.677in' id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01DAE5D6.7E4E1760" alt="lesser celandine"></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>(From Wikimedia Commons) <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lesser_celandine_im.JPG"><b><span style='color:#008294;text-decoration:none'>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lesser_celandine_im.JPG</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>We have been working hard to remove the invasive plant, Lesser Celandine, from parks near the College Park Sierra Club office, including Magruder Woods, Cherry Hill Park, and Little Paint Branch Park. Local community service volunteers, our stewardship intern, and park rangers have been hand-removing these plants with shovels to get the bulbs out.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:8.25pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.25pt;margin-left:0in'><b><span style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.25pt'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.25pt'><img border=0 width=187 height=280 style='width:1.9479in;height:2.9166in' id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image002.jpg@01DAE5D6.7E4E1760" alt="Anatomy of Lesser Celandine"></span></b><b><span style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.25pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:8.25pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.25pt;margin-left:0in'><b><span style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.25pt'>Anatomy of Lesser Celandine<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>Lesser Celandine, Ranunculus ficaria L., also known as Fig Buttercup</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>, is an herbaceous, flowering, perennial plant native to Europe. It was brought to the United States as an ornamental plant. It can be identified by its glossy, dark green, kidney-shaped leaves with its bright yellow flowers blooming in early spring. It spreads using its finger-like tuberous roots and blooms from March through April. Caltha palustris, a.k.a. Marsh marigold, is a native plant that looks very similar to Lesser Celandine. This look-alike tends to grow in much wetter, marshy habitats, and forms in clumps rather than spreading out across the ground. Another way to tell the two apart is that Lesser Celandine typically has 7-12 petals, while Marsh Marigold has 5-9. Be sure that the plant you are looking at is indeed Lesser Celandine before attempting to remove it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:15.0pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'><img border=0 width=325 height=217 style='width:3.3854in;height:2.2604in' id="Picture_x0020_5" src="cid:image003.jpg@01DAE5D6.7E4E1760" alt="Marsh marigold"></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:15.0pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>Marsh Marigold, a native look-alike to Lesser Celandine<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>Lesser Celandine is invasive in 22 states and parts of Canada. It arrives early in the spring, spreading out over the ground, creating a thick carpet, making it virtually impossible for native understory plants to grow and survive there. Native wildflowers are particularly negatively impacted by this invasive species. Lesser Celandine prefers partially shaded areas, but is capable of growing in direct sunlight if it has adequate soil moisture. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'><img border=0 width=487 height=434 style='width:5.0729in;height:4.5208in' id="Picture_x0020_4" src="cid:image004.png@01DAE5D6.7E4E1760"></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:15.0pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>Map of Lesser Celandine’s invasive range in the United States and Canada<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:15.0pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>From <a href="https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RAFI"><b><span style='color:#008294;text-decoration:none'>https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RAFI</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt;background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#393B3E'>It can easily escape from private plantings and grow quickly in the wild. Management can be difficult because of the bulbous nature of the plant’s root system. Manual control can lead to bulb fragments being left behind, causing reinfestation. If you are removing plants manually, be sure to put all parts of the plant in a sealed bag and do not attempt to compost it, as this will cause it to continue to spread. Chemical control is possible if timed properly and applied correctly. However, some herbicides are non-selective in nature which can lead non-target species being negatively affected. There are currently no biological controls approved for this species, so more research must be done in order to develop working forms. One action you can take is to <a href="http://click.emails.sierraclub.org/?qs=26a60d0d09b2285a7c02c15c92b7775d7fb576b93d7ba8c5038cead0fc6fecd212234235f2a6e8a4d95d859dbf0d2f8b5cc6a22b8d6e5830"><b><span style='color:#008294'>request that your federal legislators</span></b></a> allocate funding for a pathogen quarantine facility for research on effective, host-specific, biological control of Lesser Celandine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:15.0pt;background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#393B3E'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Maipc-brd <maipc-brd-bounces@lists.maipc.org> <b>On Behalf Of </b>wildmarcimlay@gmail.com<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, August 03, 2024 5:02 PM<br><b>To:</b> 'MAIPC Board' <maipc-brd@lists.maipc.org>; 'apwg' <apwg@lists.plantconservation.org>; 'Lily Fountain' <lilyfountain2015@gmail.com>; 'michael wilpers' <mwilpers@yahoo.com><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Maipc-brd] [External Email]RE: Update perilla mint biocontrol<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09583157.2024.2343110">Fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum shisoi identified as a potential biological control agent of invasive Perilla frutescens in the United States: Biocontrol Science and Technology: Vol 34 , No 4 - Get Access (tandfonline.com)</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:21.85pt'><b><span style='font-size:17.0pt;font-family:"PT Serif",serif;color:#333333'>ABSTRACT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in'><i><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>Perilla frutescens</span></i><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'> (L.) Britton, an annual plant in the mint family, is considered invasive in the United States where it excludes native vegetation in natural areas and can cause respiratory illness in livestock. An effective biological control agent would improve perilla management, but none have been developed or proposed. This study investigated the biocontrol potential of a fungal pathogen, <i>Colletotrichum shisoi</i>, recently found infecting perilla in North America. The growth rates and morphology of seven <i>Colletotrichum shisoi</i> isolates were recorded. A virulence assay was performed on two perilla accessions, and the number and size of foliar lesions produced were used to select a single isolate, <i>Colletotrichum shisoi</i> isolate 21-072, exhibiting consistently high virulence for further evaluation of biocontrol efficacy and host specificity. Treatment with 0.5 mL of 1 × 10</span><sup><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>7</span></sup><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'> spores/mL H</span><sub><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>2</span></sub><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>O caused a 52% reduction in shoot height and 84% reduction in root length of invasive perilla seedlings compared to a control treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Seedlings treated with 1 × 10</span><sup><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>8</span></sup><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'> spores/mL had a 100% mortality rate. Formulation of inoculum in a 1:1 water:oil emulsion reduced dew period requirements for causing >50% plant mortality from 48 to 24 h, but oil emulsions exhibited a mild phytotoxic effect on seedlings. Four additional perilla accessions were susceptible to <i>C. shisoi,</i> and none of 34 other species included in host range experiments developed disease symptoms following inoculation. These results suggest <i>C. shisoi</i> 21-072 could be an effective antagonist of perilla and likely poses a low risk of non-target impacts.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>KEYWORDS: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/keyword/Invasive"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:white;background:#006DB4;text-decoration:none'>Invasive</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/keyword/weed"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:white;background:#006DB4;text-decoration:none'>weed</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/keyword/pathogen"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:white;background:#006DB4;text-decoration:none'>pathogen</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/keyword/fungus"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:white;background:#006DB4;text-decoration:none'>fungus</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/keyword/perilla"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:white;background:#006DB4;text-decoration:none'>perilla</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/keyword/Colletotrichum"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:white;background:#006DB4;text-decoration:none'>Colletotrichum</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:20.25pt'><b><span style='font-size:15.5pt;font-family:"PT Serif",serif;color:#333333'>Acknowledgements<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>The preparation of this manuscript was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service through Project 8044-33000-047-000-D. The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any official USDA or U.S. Government determination or policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Pathogen isolates were collected from the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park under permit CHOH-2021-SCI-0023 and in collaboration with A. Landsman and L. Strickler.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:21.0pt;line-height:21.85pt'><b><span style='font-size:17.0pt;font-family:"PT Serif",serif;color:#333333'>Data availability<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>Data and computer software code used in the preparation of this manuscript will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:21.0pt;line-height:21.85pt'><b><span style='font-size:17.0pt;font-family:"PT Serif",serif;color:#333333'>Disclosure statement<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:9.95pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.95pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:27.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:17.0pt;font-family:"PT Serif",serif;color:#333333'>Additional information<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:20.25pt'><b><span style='font-size:15.5pt;font-family:"PT Serif",serif;color:#333333'>Funding<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>The preparation of this manuscript was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service through Project 8044-33000-047-000-D.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> <a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a> <<a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 09, 2024 5:44 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a>; 'MAIPC Board' <<a href="mailto:maipc-brd@lists.maipc.org">maipc-brd@lists.maipc.org</a>>; 'apwg' <<a href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</a>>; 'Lily Fountain' <<a href="mailto:lilyfountain2015@gmail.com">lilyfountain2015@gmail.com</a>>; 'michael wilpers' <<a href="mailto:mwilpers@yahoo.com">mwilpers@yahoo.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> FW: [External Email]RE: Update perilla mint biocontrol <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Fulcher, Michael - REE-ARS <<a href="mailto:Michael.Fulcher@usda.gov">Michael.Fulcher@usda.gov</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 09, 2024 1:03 PM<br><b>To:</b> Tancos, Matthew - REE-ARS <<a href="mailto:matthew.tancos@usda.gov">matthew.tancos@usda.gov</a>>; Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>>; 'Jil Swearingen' <<a href="mailto:jilswearingen@gmail.com">jilswearingen@gmail.com</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [External Email]RE: Update<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Hi Marc,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Taking this opportunity to provide an update on perilla mint biocontrol – We have been working with the National Park Service to find additional release and evaluation field sites in our region. The fungal pathogen <i>Colletotrichum shisoi </i>has been redistributed to several locations where it was previously absent, and we are in our second year of field trials. Last year we confirmed that the pathogen can effectively control perilla in small plots under favorable conditions. This year we are evaluating two different release timings, comparing the agent's efficacy to hand removal, and measuring the distance of pathogen spread after initial release. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Attaching two recent scientific publications on this agent for your reference.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Mike<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div id=Signature><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#242424'>Michael R. Fulcher, PhD</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#242424'>Research Plant Pathologist</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#242424'>USDA-ARS-NEA</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#242424'>Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#242424'>1301 Ditto Ave.</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#242424'>Ft. Detrick, MD 21702</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#242424'>Tel: 301-619-2343</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#242424'>Fax: 301-619-2880</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p style='background:white'><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#ED7D31;background:white'>ADVANCE NOTICE OF LEAVE:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#242424'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="98%" align=center></div><div id=divRplyFwdMsg><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> Tancos, Matthew - REE-ARS <<a href="mailto:matthew.tancos@usda.gov">matthew.tancos@usda.gov</a>><br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 9, 2024 12:03 PM<br><b>To:</b> Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>>; 'Jil Swearingen' <<a href="mailto:jilswearingen@gmail.com">jilswearingen@gmail.com</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a> <<a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a>>; Fulcher, Michael - REE-ARS <<a href="mailto:Michael.Fulcher@usda.gov">Michael.Fulcher@usda.gov</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [External Email]RE: Update</span> <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Hi Marc,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>TAG approval is only required for foreign agents. Domestic ones do not require TAG approval. We require APHIS approval to move native pathogens and perform field trials, but EPA approval would be required to distribute the native pathogen on a wider basis (biopesticide registration). <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>We do not have any foreign pathogens targeting East coast/Mid-Atlantic weeds with TAG at the moment. We have foreign pathogens that we recently received (this summer) that target Mid-Atlantic weeds, but they still need to be characterized and tested for host specificity before TAG submission (several years). Foreign pathogens at the TAG stage are currently targeting rangeland weeds in the western U.S. However, Mike Fulcher is performing field trials on his domestic Colletotrichum shisoi pathogen of perilla mint in Maryland, Virginia, and D.C.. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Hope all is well!<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>best,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Matt<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div id="x_Signature"><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#201F1E'>Matthew A. Tancos, PhD.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#201F1E'>Research Plant Pathologist</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#242424;background:white'>USDA-ARS-NEA</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#201F1E'>Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#201F1E'>1301 Ditto Avenue</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#201F1E'>Fort Detrick, MD 21702</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#201F1E'>Tel: 301-619-7386</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#242424'>Fax: 301-619-2880</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='background:white'><b><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#ED5C57;background:white'>ADVANCE NOTICE OF LEAVE:</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="98%" align=center></div><div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg"><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>><br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, July 6, 2024 4:21 PM<br><b>To:</b> Tancos, Matthew - REE-ARS <<a href="mailto:matthew.tancos@usda.gov">matthew.tancos@usda.gov</a>>; 'Jil Swearingen' <<a href="mailto:jilswearingen@gmail.com">jilswearingen@gmail.com</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a> <<a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> [External Email]RE: Update</span> <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div style='border:solid greenyellow 1.5pt;padding:1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;margin-left:1.5pt;margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:1.5pt;margin-bottom:1.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='background:ghostwhite'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;color:black;background:greenyellow'>[External Email]</span><span style='font-size:9.5pt;color:black'> <br>If this message comes from an <b>unexpected sender</b> or references a <b>vague/unexpected topic;</b> <br>Use caution before clicking links or opening attachments.<br>Please send any concerns or suspicious messages to: <a href="mailto:Spam.Abuse@usda.gov">Spam.Abuse@usda.gov</a> </span><span style='font-size:9.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=xxmsonormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=xxmsonormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>So what biocontrols is the TAG considering now for invasives near us?</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=xxmsonormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=xxmsonormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Wild Marc</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div id="x_x_DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellpadding=0 style='border:none;border-top:solid #D3D4DE 1.0pt'><tr><td width=55 style='width:41.25pt;border:none;padding:9.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=46 height=29 style='width:.4791in;height:.302in' id="_x0000_i1027" src="https://s-install.avcdn.net/ipm/preview/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-animated-no-repeat-v1.gif"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=470 style='width:352.5pt;border:none;padding:9.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:13.5pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#41424E'>Virus-free.<a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><span style='color:#4453EA'>www.avast.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><br><br>This electronic message contains information generated by the USDA solely for the intended recipients. Any unauthorized interception of this message or the use or disclosure of the information it contains may violate the law and subject the violator to civil or criminal penalties. If you believe you have received this message in error, please notify the sender and delete the email immediately. <o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>