<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=Windows-1252">
<style type="text/css" style="display:none;"> P {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;} </style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr">
<div class="elementToProof"><span style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:"helvetica neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important" class="ContentPasted0"></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;background:white">
<span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="ContentPasted1">Pickett B, Irvine IC, Arogyaswamy K, Maltz MR, Shulman H, Aronson EL. Identifying and Remediating Soil Microbial Legacy Effects of Invasive Grasses for
Restoring California Coastal Sage Scrub Ecosystems. Diversity. 2022; 14(12):1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14121095</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#548DD4;mso-themecolor:text2;mso-themetint:153" class="ContentPasted1"><o:p class="ContentPasted1"></o:p></span></p>
<div class="_Entity _EType_OWALinkPreview _EId_OWALinkPreview _EReadonly_1"></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; font-weight: 700; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; font-weight: 700; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Abstract</span><br>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<span style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;text-align:justify;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important" class="ContentPasted3">As invasive grasses encroach upon native ecosystems,
they have the potential to transform intact California coastal sage scrub (CSS) into non-native grasslands. This occurs—in part—due to legacy effects: changes in soil microbial composition elicited by grass invasions with long-term impacts on soil and native
vegetation. Along with direct effects on CSS vegetation, legacy effects may alter microbial communities which may in turn impact native plant growth. To tease apart these factors, we monitored growth in three CSS species inoculated with either uninvaded soil
or sterilized uninvaded soil that were subsequently planted into a site characterized by observed microbial legacy effects. Our findings indicate native plant growth can be explained by changes in soil microorganisms. Specifically, native<span class="ContentPasted3"> </span></span><span class="html-italic ContentPasted3" style="box-sizing:border-box;max-height:1e+06px;font-style:italic;color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;text-align:justify;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">Artemisia
californica</span><span style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;text-align:justify;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important" class="ContentPasted3"><span class="ContentPasted3"> </span>and<span class="ContentPasted3"> </span></span><span class="html-italic ContentPasted3" style="box-sizing:border-box;max-height:1e+06px;font-style:italic;color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;text-align:justify;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">Baccharis
pilularis</span><span style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;text-align:justify;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important" class="ContentPasted3"><span class="ContentPasted3"> </span>grew
larger in plots with unsterilized uninvaded soil inoculum, which contained a larger abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and<span class="ContentPasted3"> </span></span><span class="html-italic ContentPasted3" style="box-sizing:border-box;max-height:1e+06px;font-style:italic;color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;text-align:justify;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">Glomus</span><span style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;text-align:justify;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important" class="ContentPasted3">,
compared to the sterilized soil inoculum plots. Therefore, microbial augmentation may not only improve restoration in post-invasive sites but long-term changes in soil microbial communities may be linked to native plant growth. Furthermore, adding uninvaded
soil replete with native microbes has the potential to support restoration of invaded sites by promoting native plant survival and establishment in these restored ecosystems.</span><br>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<span style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;text-align:justify;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important" class="ContentPasted3"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<span style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;text-align:justify;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important" class="ContentPasted3 ContentPasted4">Link to article: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/12/1095</span></div>
<div class="_Entity _EType_OWALinkPreview _EId_OWALinkPreview_1 _EReadonly_1"></div>
<br>
<div class="elementToProof">
<div id="Signature">
<div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>