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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Any update on biological controls for Wavyleaf? Marc<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> <a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a> <<a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, January 16, 2022 5:58 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:INVASIVES@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU">INVASIVES@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU</a><br><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:rwestbrooks@intrstar.net">rwestbrooks@intrstar.net</a>; <a href="mailto:jlloyd@geo-marine.com">jlloyd@geo-marine.com</a>; 'Beauchamp, Vanessa B.' <<a href="mailto:VBeauchamp@towson.edu">VBeauchamp@towson.edu</a>>; 'Jil and Warren' <<a href="mailto:elytra@earthlink.net">elytra@earthlink.net</a>>; <a href="mailto:Jil_Swearingen@NPS.GOV">Jil_Swearingen@NPS.GOV</a>; 'Wu, Carrie' <<a href="mailto:cwu@richmond.edu">cwu@richmond.edu</a>>; '.....' <<a href="mailto:llloyd@versar.com">llloyd@versar.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> FW: plants green in the winter time in Chinquapin park along the paused “Stream restoration". <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>So what is the status of research necessary for the TAG to take action? Marc<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;color:black'>Leafhopper (<i>Tylozygusgeometricus</i>) on wavy leaf Courtesy of Richard Orr<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt'>Mid-Atlantic Invertebrate Field Studies<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt'><img border=0 width=43 height=32 style='width:.4479in;height:.3333in' id="Picture_x0020_5" src="cid:image005.png@01D847F5.F277D990"></span><span style='font-size:18.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span></b><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt'> </span></b><a href="https://mdinvasives.org/iotm/sept-2017/" target="_blank"><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt'>A Wavyleaf Wannabe - Maryland Invasive Species Council</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://mdinvasives.org/iotm/sept-2017"><i><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>https://mdinvasives.org/iotm/sept-2017</span></i></a><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Sep 01, 2017 · <b>Biological control</b> agents exist – both insects and fungi, one of which may be host specific – but none are approved for release. For more information about other Invasive Species of Concern in Maryland, visit the Maryland Invasive Species Council or call the Maryland Department of Agriculture at 410-841-5920.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><a href="https://bioone.org/journals/northeastern-naturalist/volume-26/issue-1/045.026.0116/The-Relationship-Between-Native-Insects-and-an-Invasive-Grass-Oplismenus/10.1656/045.026.0116.short"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>https://bioone.org/journals/northeastern-naturalist/volume-26/issue-1/045.026.0116/The-Relationship-Between-Native-Insects-and-an-Invasive-Grass-Oplismenus/10.1656/045.026.0116.short</span></a><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Understanding relationships between insects and invasive plant species in their introduced range is important for management of a new invader and prioritization of its control. This study investigates the insect communities associated with <i>Oplismenus undulatifolius</i> (Wavyleaf Basketgrass), an invasive grass in the mid-Atlantic US, and looks at the effect of herbivory on the species’ growth and reproduction. We surveyed aerial and ground-dwelling insect communities in areas with and without Wavyleaf Basketgrass and examined leaf samples from caged and uncaged patches of Wavyleaf Basketgrass for type and amount of insect damage. Insect richness, evenness, and diversity were similar between invaded and uninvaded areas. At the plot level, there was no difference in abundance of insects caught in pitfall traps, but there were more insects captured in sticky traps at the uninvaded area. Orthoptera in general and Rhaphidophoridae specifically, were indicators of uninvaded plots, along with Sciaridae in the Diptera and Scarabaeidae in the Coleoptera. Indicators of the invaded plots included Blattidae within the Blattodea and Staphylinidae and Carabidae within the Coleoptera. Leaf damage was minor; the 6 most heavily damaged leaves lost between 15% and 21% of their leaf area. Punctures, stippling, and mining were the most common types of leaf damage observed, and most leaves had fewer than 25 incidences of damage per leaf. There was no significant difference in leaf damage, plant biomass, or inflorescence production between caged and uncaged plots. Differences in insect community composition in invaded and uninvaded areas may be due to Wavyleaf Basketgrass itself or concomitant increases in plant cover and changes in microclimate. At least some insect groups are using Wavyleaf Basketgrass as habitat, which may be important in areas where excessive deer browse has removed most of the herbaceous layer.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div id=DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=1 width="99%" noshade style='color:#909090' align=center></div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td style='padding:0in 11.25pt 0in 6.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=90 height=33 style='width:.9375in;height:.3437in' id="_x0000_i1027" src="https://static.avast.com/emails/avast-mail-stamp.png" alt="Avast logo"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#3D4D5A'>This email has been checked for viruses by Avast antivirus software. <br><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus">www.avast.com</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></body></html>