<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=us-ascii"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle18
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle21
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>I participated in a conference call on invasive species with one item on the agenda to update the economic impact of invasive species. There are many kinds of economic impact besides the cost of removing invasives. For example, the economic cost of stormwater damage caused by invasive species. </span></strong><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Many studies have shown that Japanese Stiltgrass doubles the amount of nitrogen and storm water released into the Chesapeake Bay. The primary reason is that the tiny root system replaces the complex root system with a variety of niches that are necessary to hold water and release it slowly. This argument could be used in general for </span></strong><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>other</span></strong><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> non-native invasive species replacing a complex of many native species with different root systems of different depths etc. </span></strong><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>In our region the surface of Japanese Stiltgrass has expanded typically to now cover over 20% of the habitat. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></strong></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Does anyone have a cost update for the economic cost of stormwater damage caused by invasive species. Thanks.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></strong></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Marc</span></strong><strong><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator. </span></strong><b><br></b><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>(301) 442-5657</span></strong><strong><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> cell, </span></strong><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"><span style='font-weight:normal'>ialm@erols.com</span></a></span></strong><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Natural and Historical Resources Division</span></strong><b><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission</span></strong><br></b><a href="http://www.pgparks.com/" title="blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::http://www.pgpar"><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;text-decoration:none'>www.pgparks.com</span></strong></a><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></strong></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>-----Original Message-----</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>From: Marc Imlay<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>To: <a href="mailto:RNORTHROP@dnr.state.md.us"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>RNORTHROP@dnr.state.md.us</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Cc: Steve McKindley-Ward<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Sent: 6/3/2002 11:21 PM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Subject: RE: Siltgrass and hydrology<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Hi Rob<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Joan Ehrenfeld, et al. Changes in Soil Functions Following Invasions of Exotic Understory Plants in Deciduous Forests. Ecological Applications 11(5), 2001, pp. 1287-1300 (Ecological Society of America)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>P. S. Kourtev, et al. Differences in Earthworm Densities and Nitrogen Dynamics in soils under Exotic and Native Plant Species. Biological Invasions 1: 237-245, 1999<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Some findings I noted in the papers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>pH elevated from 4.5-4.8 (Vaccinium) to 5.5-6.5 (stilt grass) in two parks in New Jersey. Nitrification rates and Extractable NO3 were also much higher with Microstegium. Very low root biomass, loss of organic soil horizon and great increase in (European) earthworms.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>(increased from 30-280 worms/m2). Litter was reduced by two thirds.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Marc<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>-----Original Message-----<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>From: <a href="mailto:RNORTHROP@dnr.state.md.us"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>RNORTHROP@dnr.state.md.us</span></a> [<a href="mailto:RNORTHROP@dnr.state.md.us"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>mailto:RNORTHROP@dnr.state.md.us</span></a>]<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Sent: Friday, May 31, 2002 4:07 PM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>To: <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>ialm@erols.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Subject: Siltgrass and hydrology<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Hi Marc,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> Could you send me the citation(s) for the publication(s) on the role of siltgrass in eastern US hydrology?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> There was a fellow at the MCC talk that wanted the citation for the Borman and Likens study at Hubbard Brook concerning forest biomass development. Do you remember who that was? He never gave me his name and I wanted to pass along the information.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> Thanks for your help and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Rob Northrop<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>DNR Forest Service<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>130 McKinneytown Road<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>North East, MD 21901<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>410-287-2918<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>Marc Imlay, PhD <br>Chair of the Biodiversity and Habitat Stewardship Committee for the Maryland Chapter of the Sierra Club.</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'> </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, MAIPC Biological control working Group Conservation biologist, </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator. </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red;text-decoration:none'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>(301) 442-5657 cell Natural and Historical Resources Division</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></strong></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> Rogner, David [<a href="mailto:drogner@howardcountymd.gov">mailto:drogner@howardcountymd.gov</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 10, 2014 12:23 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a><br><b>Cc:</b> Farfaras, Cheryl<br><b>Subject:</b> Question about Invasives and Hydrology</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal>Hi Marc,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> I am writing you with a question about whether there are studies that show how removing invasive plants in the understory correlates to positive effects on water quality or macroinvertabrate habitat in streams. You seem like the guy who could point me in that direction. We are hoping to write a grant here at the middle patuxent environmental area to remove about 3 acres of invasive autumn olive, multiflora rose, barberry, amur honeysuckle, bittersweet and do native replantings. But it’s a grant that should relate to positive effects on water quality somehow. Please let me know if you have any ideas on how I could describe this for the grant due October 31st. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Many Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Davey Rogner <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> 301-523-2879<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Invasive Species Project Manager<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Middle Patuxent Environmental Area <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> Laurie Taylor Mitchell [<a href="mailto:ltmitchell4@comcast.net">mailto:ltmitchell4@comcast.net</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 11, 2016 6:47 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a><br><b>Subject:</b> your e-mail on Green is Good<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Hi Marc,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>There is still time to show people the vast unfolding disaster of Japanese Stiltgrass around the Loch Raven Reservoir this season before it all goes yellow – actually right now it is peaking or just beyond the peak growth.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>You are absolutely right, there is no substitute for seeing a huge area in person! Getting them on a site is crucial.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>If a relationship through research could ever be demonstrated between invasives taking over the reservoir and a degradation of the water supply for over a million people, that would be great. That’s the only thing that is going to work as far as I can tell. If I’ve already asked you about this, please forgive me – and could you send it again?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Laurie<o:p></o:p></p></div><br />
<table style="border-top: 1px solid #D3D4DE;">
<tr>
<td style="width: 55px; padding-top: 13px;"><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=icon" target="_blank"><img src="https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-animated-no-repeat-v1.gif" width="46" height="29" style="width: 46px; height: 29px;" /></a></td>
<td style="width: 470px; padding-top: 12px; color: #41424e; font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Virus-free. <a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=link" target="_blank" style="color: #4453ea;">www.avast.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table></body></html>