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<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class=MsoSubtitle><SPAN lang=X-NONE><FONT
color=#4f81bd size=3 face="Times New Roman"><SPAN class=484363414-23122013><FONT
face=Arial><FONT color=#ff0000><STRONG> </STRONG></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN
class=718330013-16122013><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><FONT
color=#ff0000 size=3><STRONG>Biological control <SPAN
class=000494010-16122013>u</SPAN>pdates</STRONG></FONT><SPAN
class=006140614-04122013><FONT color=#ff0000><STRONG><FONT
size=3> </FONT><SPAN class=000494010-16122013><FONT size=3>with references,
research contacts</FONT>, <FONT size=3>and resources </FONT></SPAN><FONT
size=3>for 18 Mid-Atlantic non-native terrestrial</FONT> <FONT size=3>and
aquatic invasive species are available in <SPAN
class=000494010-16122013>this </SPAN>MAIPC Biocontrol Work Group document on our
MAIPC web site</FONT></STRONG></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
class=437265511-20122013><FONT color=#ff0000
size=3><STRONG>.</STRONG></FONT></SPAN><SPAN class=437265511-20122013><FONT
color=#0000ff> </FONT></SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=#ff0000> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class=MsoSubtitle><SPAN lang=X-NONE><FONT
color=#4f81bd size=3 face="Times New Roman"><SPAN class=484363414-23122013><FONT
face=Arial><FONT size=3><SPAN class=718330013-16122013><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN
class=006140614-04122013><A
href="http://www.maipc.org/">http://www.maipc.org/</A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class=MsoSubtitle><SPAN lang=X-NONE><FONT
color=#4f81bd size=3 face="Times New Roman"><SPAN class=484363414-23122013><FONT
face=Arial><FONT size=3><SPAN class=718330013-16122013><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN
class=006140614-04122013><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
lang=X-NONE><FONT color=#4f81bd><A
href="http://www.maipc.org/MAIPC_BiocontrolWG_Dec18.doc"><U><SPAN lang=EN><FONT
size=4>http://www.maipc.org/MAIPC_BiocontrolWG_Dec18.doc</FONT></U></SPAN></A></FONT></SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class=MsoSubtitle><SPAN><SPAN
class=484363414-23122013><SPAN class=718330013-16122013><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN
class=006140614-04122013></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT
color=#ff0000><STRONG>At a workshop it was estimated that for ~30 percent of the
invasive plant<SPAN class=515543111-20122013> </SPAN>s<SPAN
class=515543111-20122013>pecies</SPAN> there is an effective, host specific,
biological control if we do the research </STRONG><SPAN
class=281372510-20122013><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><STRONG>that
will make host specific biological controls available.
</STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><FONT color=#4f81bd
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN class=484363414-23122013><FONT face=Arial><FONT
color=#ff0000 size=3><SPAN class=281372510-20122013><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><STRONG><SPAN
class=484363414-23122013>One </SPAN><SPAN class=484363414-23122013>example is
Japanese Stiltgrass. The update covers curent work on biologial controls. New
work could include work in China on the 3 Asiatic species of rust that current
literature indicates are pathogens only on the genus Microstegium,
</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class=MsoSubtitle><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=484363414-23122013></SPAN></FONT><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN
lang=X-NONE><FONT color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN
class=687544511-18112013></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=687544511-18112013></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN
lang=X-NONE><EM><STRONG><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT
color=#4f81bd>Species Updates</FONT></FONT></FONT></STRONG></EM></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=X-NONE><EM><STRONG><FONT size=4><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><FONT
color=#4f81bd><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></STRONG></EM></SPAN> </DIV>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class=MsoSubtitle><SPAN lang=X-NONE><EM><FONT
color=#4f81bd size=4 face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS</STRONG></FONT></EM></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class=MsoSubtitle><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><EM><STRONG><FONT size=4><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><FONT
color=#4f81bd>Grasses<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></STRONG></EM></SPAN></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0in 3pt"><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Japanese stiltgrass<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></H3>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><STRONG><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">The annual
grass Japanese stiltgrass (<I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Microstegium
vimineum</I>) can be highly invasive, especially on disturbed sites, and it is
currently widely distributed in the eastern <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on">Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park</st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">Tennessee</st1:State></st1:place>, Japanese stiltgrass was ranked the
most aggressively invasive nonnative species, based on distribution, abundance,
relative difficulty of control, and ability to exclude native plant species
(Fryer 2011).<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Two species of <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Bipolaris</I> have been described as cause
of leaf spots and necrosis of Japanese stiltgrass in the <st1:place
w:st="on">Eastern U.S.</st1:place>; some evidence is that disease may be
suppressing local populations.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Host
range of these species has not been fully tested, although limited symptom
development was reported on a few important grass (grain) species in artificial
tests (Kleczewski et al. 2012).<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Research is on-going about this pathogen(s), its host, and the potential
for use in biological control of Japanese stiltgrass. If you</SPAN><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> see leaf blight </SPAN><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">on Japanese
stiltgrass during the growing season please contact work group member William L.
Bruckart,
III.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class=MsoSubtitle><SPAN><FONT color=#4f81bd
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN class=484363414-23122013><FONT face=Arial><FONT
color=#ff0000 size=3><SPAN class=281372510-20122013><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT> </P>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT color=#ff0000 size=3><SPAN
class=281372510-20122013><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=281372510-20122013><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: Cambria; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT
color=#ff0000 face=Arial><STRONG><EM>Marc Imlay, PhD (Chair)<BR>Conservation
Biologist <BR>MNCPPC Prince Georges County<BR>Park Ranger Office<BR>Natural
and Historical Resources Division<BR>Non-native Invasive Plant Control
Coordinator<BR>(301) 442-5657
cell <BR>ialm@erols.com<BR></EM><BR></STRONG></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></SPAN></FONT></SPAN>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 3pt"><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p><FONT color=#000000
face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></H3></FONT></DIV><BR></BODY></HTML>