<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv=Content-Type>
<META name=GENERATOR content="MSHTML 8.00.6001.19394"></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT color=#0000ff size=2
face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr lang=en-us class=OutlookMessageHeader align=left><SPAN
class=359103100-14022013><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial><STRONG>Good
point. MDA studies showed rose-rosette disease does not harm the native
roses, Rosa setigera, Rosa palustris, or Rosa virginiana, but it does harm
non-native roses. Marc</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<DIV dir=ltr lang=en-us class=OutlookMessageHeader align=left>
<HR tabIndex=-1>
<FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><B>From:</B> aliens-l-request@list.auckland.ac.nz
[mailto:aliens-l-request@list.auckland.ac.nz] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Boettner,
Cynthia<BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, February 12, 2013 2:44 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Marc
Imlay<BR><B>Cc:</B> ficmnew@mail.afpmb.org; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org;
aliens-l@list.auckland.ac.nz; md-cons-invasives@lists.sierraclub.org; Jeff
Boettner; vandries@cns.umass.edu<BR><B>Subject:</B> [Aliens-L] Re: [APWG] FW:
host specific biological controls of Japanese Stiltgrass and other non-native
invasive species.<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr>
<DIV>Hello All,</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>To my thinking, this is an important initiative since host
specific biocontrol may be our only hope for controlling some invasive
species without harm to non-target species. However, if we truly are
serious about the controls being <U>host specific</U> (and we should), then we
<U>should not</U> be using rose-rosette as a success story. This
agent impacts rose species other than multiflora (see <A
href="http://web.extension.illinois.edu/cfiv/homeowners/120517.html">http://web.extension.illinois.edu/cfiv/homeowners/120517.html</A>).
Please omit this part from any letters of support you may send out.
I am not familiar with the Tree of Heaven biocontrol. Perhaps there
is somebody within this email list that is knowledgeable about and can suggest
success stories of biocontrol of invasive plants that are truly host specific.
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Best,</DIV>
<DIV>Cynthia</DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=gmail_extra><BR><BR>
<DIV class=gmail_quote>On Tue, Feb 12, 2013 at 6:35 AM, Marc Imlay <SPAN
dir=ltr><<A href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"
target=_blank>ialm@erols.com</A>></SPAN> wrote:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex"
class=gmail_quote><U></U>
<DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial><SPAN><STRONG><FONT
color=#000000 size=4 face="Times New Roman">Here is an example of the need for
research for biocontrols; Let's do the same for our invasive Japanese
Stiltgrass.: Cheatgrass "has fuelled almost 80% of the largest fires in the
west over the last ten years. Researchers are looking at a range of solutions
including using a fungus to attack the grass seed.
" </FONT></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial><SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT color=#0000ff
face=Arial><SPAN></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><BR><SPAN><STRONG><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT color=#0000ff
size=3><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Marc Imlay,
PhD,</SPAN></STRONG><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue"><BR></SPAN></B><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Conservation biologist, Park Ranger
Office</SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT color=#0000ff
size=3><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"></SPAN></STRONG><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><SPAN><FONT
color=#0000ff><STRONG><SPAN>Non-native </SPAN>I<SPAN>nvasive Plant Control
coordinator. </SPAN><BR></STRONG></FONT></SPAN><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><A
title="blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657"><FONT
title="blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657"
color=#0000ff>(301) 442-5657</FONT></A>
cell </SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></B><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><A
title="blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com"><FONT
title="blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com"
color=#0000ff>ialm@erols.com</FONT></A></SPAN></STRONG><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue"><BR></SPAN></B><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Natural and Historical Resources
Division</SPAN></STRONG><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><BR><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">The
Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning
Commission</SPAN></STRONG><BR></SPAN></B><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><A
title="blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/"><FONT
title="blocked::blocked::blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/"
color=#0000ff>www.pgparks.com</FONT></A></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><BR><BR><BR></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left>
<HR>
</DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma><B>From:</B> Marc Imlay [mailto:<A
href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" target=_blank>ialm@erols.com</A>]
<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, February 11, 2013 10:32 PM<BR><B>To:</B> '<A
href="mailto:FriendsOfSligoCreek@yahoogroups.com"
target=_blank>FriendsOfSligoCreek@yahoogroups.com</A>'<BR><B>Subject:</B> host
specific biological controls of Japanese Stiltgrass and other non-native
invasive species.<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr lang=en-us align=left><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial><SPAN
lang=EN>-----Original Message-----</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left>
<P>From: Sierra Club Maryland Chapter,Alien Invasive [<A
href="mailto:MD-CONS-INVASIVES@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG" target=_blank><U><FONT
color=#0000ff><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN
lang=EN>mailto:MD-CONS-INVASIVES@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG</SPAN></FONT></FONT></U></A><FONT
size=+0><SPAN lang=EN>] On Behalf Of Alex Binck, Stewardship Outings Intern,
Marc Imlay</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P>Sent: Monday, February 11, 2013 4:00 PM</P>
<P>To: <A href="mailto:MD-CONS-INVASIVES@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG"
target=_blank>MD-CONS-INVASIVES@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG</A></P>
<P>Subject: [MD-CONS-INVASIVES] Japanese Stiltgrass Send Out To State Senators
and Representatives</P><BR>
<HR>
</DIV>
<DIV class=gmail_quote>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex"
class=gmail_quote>
<DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN><FONT color=#ff0000 size=4><B>Please send a
request to your Senators and Representatives to restore and expand research
by the Federal goverment, including the US Department of Agriculture, on
host specific biological controls of Japanese Stiltgrass and other
non-native invasive species. The following <SPAN>sample letter,
</SPAN>legislative contact information<SPAN>
and</SPAN> background <SPAN>information </SPAN>can be used to
prepare your request.</B><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff> <B><FONT
color=#ff0000
size=4> </FONT></B> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN><FONT
color=#0000ff><SPAN></SPAN></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN>
<DIV dir=ltr lang=en-us align=left><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT size=3><FONT
color=#ff0000><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: garamond,times,serif"><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: small"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: medium"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: medium"><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff size=3>Dear sir.
The Maryland <SPAN> Chapter of the Sierra
Club </SPAN>requests restoration and expansion of research by
the Federal goverment,
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: garamond,times,serif"><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: small"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: medium"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: medium"><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff size=3>including
the US Department of Agriculture, on host specific biological controls of
Japanese Stiltgrass and other non-native invasive species. The field
trip hikers of the <SPAN>Sierra Club </SPAN>remember how bad
it was this year on our outings events.</FONT> <FONT
color=#0000ff><SPAN><FONT size=+0> <FONT
size=3>We </FONT></FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>request that the Budget
Control Act</FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN>s </SPAN>of <SPAN> 2012
and </SPAN>201<SPAN>3</SPAN> not reduce the annual federal funding of
Federal R & D for biological Control research. (<A
href="http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd" target=_blank>www.aaas.org/spp/rd</A>
) </FONT></FONT><FONT size=4><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT size=3><SPAN>Please</SPAN>
include research for Lyme Disease <SPAN>and Deer Tick
</SPAN>control.</FONT></FONT> <SPAN><FONT
color=#0000ff> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT size=3><FONT
color=#ff0000><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: garamond,times,serif"><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: small"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: medium"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: medium"><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN><SPAN><FONT size=4><SPAN><FONT
color=#0000ff><FONT color=#000000
size=4><SPAN> </SPAN></FONT> </FONT></SPAN><BR></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV></SPAN></FONT></SPAN>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT size=3><FONT
color=#ff0000><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: garamond,times,serif"><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: small"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: medium"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: medium"><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN><SPAN><FONT size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT
size=3>BENJAMIN L. CARDIN (Democrat), <I>U.S. Senator from Maryland</I>
</FONT>
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR>509 Hart Senate Office Building, Washington, DC
20510<BR><A href="tel:%28202%29%20224-4524" target=_blank
value="+12022244524">(202) 224-4524</A>; fax: <A
href="tel:%28202%29%20224-1651" target=_blank value="+12022241651">(202)
224-1651</A><BR>web: <A href="http://www.cardin.senate.gov/"
target=_blank>www.cardin.senate.gov</A> </P>
<P></P>BARBARA A. MIKULSKI (Democrat), <I>U.S. Senator from Maryland</I>
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR>Hart Senate Office Building, Suite 503,
Washington, DC 20510 - 2003<BR>(202) 224-4654; fax: (202) 224-8858; tdd:
(202) 224-5223<BR>web: <A href="http://www.mikulski.senate.gov/"
target=_blank>www.mikulski.senate.gov</A> </P>ANDREW P. HARRIS, M.D.
(Republican), <I>U.S. Representative, 1st Congressional District</I> (Cecil,
Kent, Queen Anne's, Caroline, Talbot, Dorchester, Wicomico, Worcester &
Somerset counties; & parts of Anne Arundel, Baltimore & Harford
counties), Maryland
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR>506 Cannon House Office Building, Washington, DC
20515<BR>(202) 225-5311; fax: (202) 225-0254<BR>web: <A
href="http://harris.house.gov/" target=_blank>http://harris.house.gov</A>
</P>C. A. DUTCH RUPPERSBERGER III (Democrat), <I>U.S. Representative, 2nd
Congressional District</I> (parts of Anne Arundel, Baltimore & Harford
counties, & Baltimore City), Maryland.
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR>2453 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington,
DC 20515 - 2002<BR>(202) 225-3061, toll free: 1-800-877-8339 (voice/tty);
fax: (202) 225-3094<BR>web: <A href="http://dutch.house.gov/"
target=_blank>http://dutch.house.gov</A> <BR></P>
<P>JOHN P. SARBANES (Democrat), <I>U.S. Representative, 3rd Congressional
District</I> (parts of Anne Arundel, Baltimore & Howard counties, &
Baltimore City), Maryland </P>
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR>2444 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington,
DC 20515<BR>(202) 225-4016; fax: (202) 225-9219<BR>web: <A
href="http://sarbanes.house.gov/"
target=_blank>http://sarbanes.house.gov</A></P>
<P><BR>DONNA F. EDWARDS (Democrat)<BR><I>U.S. Representative, 4th
Congressional District</I> (parts of Prince George's & Montgomery
counties), Maryland </P>
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR>318 Cannon House Office Building, Washington, DC
20515<BR>(202) 225-8699; fax: (202) 225-8714<BR>web: <A
href="http://donnaedwards.house.gov/"
target=_blank>http://donnaedwards.house.gov/</A></P>
<P><BR>STENY H. HOYER (Democrat), <I>U.S. Representative, 5th Congressional
District</I> (Calvert, Charles & St. Mary's counties, & parts of
Anne Arundel & Prince George's counties), Maryland. </P>
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR>1705 Longworth House Office Building, Washington,
DC 20515<BR>(202) 225-4131; fax: (202) 225-4300<BR>web: <A
href="http://hoyer.house.gov/" target=_blank>http://hoyer.house.gov</A></P>
<P><BR>JOHN K. DELANEY (Democrat), <I>U.S. Representative, 6th Congressional
District</I> (Allegany, Garrett & Washington counties, & parts of
Frederick & Montgomery counties), Maryland. </P>
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR></P>
<P>1632 Longworth House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515 - 2006<BR></P>
<P>(202) 225-2721; fax: (202) 225-2193<BR></P>
<P>web: <A href="http://delaney.house.gov/"
target=_blank>http://delaney.house.gov</A></P>
<P>ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS (Democrat), <I>U.S. Representative, 7th Congressional
District</I> (parts of Baltimore City, & Baltimore & Howard
counties), Maryland </P>
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR>2235 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington,
DC 20515<BR>(202) 225-4741; fax: (202) 225-3178<BR>web: <A
href="http://www.house.gov/cummings/"
target=_blank>www.house.gov/cummings/</A></P>
<P><BR>CHRISTOPHER VAN HOLLEN, JR. (Democrat), <I>U.S. Representative, 8th
Congressional District</I> (parts of Montgomery & Prince George's
counties), Maryland. </P>
<P><I>Capitol Hill:</I><BR>1707 Longworth House Office Building, Washington,
DC 20515<BR>(202) 225-5341; fax: (202) 225-0375<BR>web: <A
href="http://vanhollen.house.gov/"
target=_blank>http://vanhollen.house.gov</A>
</P></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT><B><FONT
color=#0000ff></FONT></B><B><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></B><B><FONT
color=#0000ff></FONT></B><B><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></B><BR><FONT
size=4><B>Let's facilitate restoration and expansion of research by the
Federal goverment, including US Department of Agriculture, on host specific
biological controls of Japanese Stiltgrass and other non-native invasive
species. </B><FONT color=#1f497d><B>The field trip hikers of
the </B><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff><B><FONT color=#1f497d size=4>Sierra
Club</FONT></B> </FONT></SPAN><B>remember how bad it was this year
on our outings events. </B></FONT></FONT><FONT size=4><B>Now is a good
time to request that the Budget Control Act</B><SPAN><FONT
color=#0000ff><FONT color=#000000
size=4><B>s</B></FONT> </FONT></SPAN><B>of </B><SPAN><FONT
color=#0000ff> <B><FONT color=#000000 size=4>2012 and
</FONT></B></FONT></SPAN><B>201<SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT color=#000000
size=4>3</FONT></FONT></SPAN> not reduce the annual federal funding of
Federal R & D for biological Control research. (<A
href="http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd" target=_blank>www.aaas.org/spp/rd</A>
) </B></FONT><FONT size=4><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff> <B><FONT
color=#000000
size=4> </FONT></B> </FONT></SPAN><BR><BR><BR><B>Japanese
Stiltgrass has destroyed 10% of our natural environment in our region
according to the surveys done by the National Park Service several years
ago. We have been removing it at many of our preservation sites so that
native plants, and the animals that depend on them, can recolonize in
infested areas once a native or host specific non-native biological control
arrives. Unfortunately, climate change has made routine control of Japanese
Stiltgrass several times more difficult this year. Normally we remove it in
late July and come back in late August for late emergents and it takes
10-20% of the effort for the second treatment by hand pulling or spraying of
monocultures. Now an equal amount of stiltgrass comes back to treat
because of the long hot Summers. Stiltgrass has been observed to cover
much</B><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff><B><FONT color=#000000
size=4>,</FONT></B> </FONT></SPAN><B> much more than 10% of our
habitats in our region. <BR><BR><BR> Our tool kit for
successful control of non-native invasive plants includes preventing new
invasive species from coming in from Europe, Asia, and other continents,
manual removal, the use of carefully targeted herbicides, and host specific
biological controls. <BR><BR>Non-native invasive plants are covering
all our natural areas in the region. The quantity of native plants and
animals replaced by competition with non-native species is greater than that
lost from all other causes except direct development in our terrestrial
habitats and water pollution in our aquatic habitats.<BR><BR>Non-native
invasive species of plants such as English Ivy, Japanese Stiltgrass and
Kudzu are covering the natural areas that we in the conservation movement
have worked so hard to protect from habitat destruction, erosion and water
pollution. Just as we are making progress on wetlands, stream bank
stabilization, and endangered species, these plants from other parts of the
world have typically covered 20-90% of the surface area of our forests,
streams and meadows. Many of us feel demoralized and powerless to combat
these invaders that have few natural herbivores or other controls. A typical
park is 50-500 acres and has over a hundred species of native plants let
alone the hundreds of native species of insects, mushrooms, snails,
reptiles, mammals and birds that depend upon the plants prior to being
covered by monocultures of 5-10 alien species.<BR><BR><BR>One of our most
productive</B><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff> </FONT></SPAN><B>activities to
save our natural areas is to facilitate research that will make host
specific biological controls available. Insects that consume the non-native
invasive plant species can substitute for the controls where the species
came from in the world. Of the 15 top non-native invasive plant species in
the mid-Atlantic region three (Purple Loosestrife, Mile-a-minute and Garlic
Mustard) now have one or two non-native insects or fungi that feed on them
although the permit request for garlic mustard has not been approved yet.
They were brought over after being tested for host specificity in Eurasia
and then tested in quarantine conditions in the United States. Typically,
about 50 such bio-control agents control these species in their native
countries so if one or two can control them here that is amazing. In
actuality, bio-controls work about half the time reducing the invasive
species to about 10% of its former abundance. The problem of bio-controls
harming non-target organisms is only about 3% as frequent as before the new
rules of proving host specificity went into affect about 20 years ago.
Native and indigenous biocontrols are also searched for in the range of the
non-native invasive species in America. <BR><BR>Success stories include
a native viral pathogen (rose-rosette disease), which is spread by a tiny
native mite, Rose-rosette disease, native to the western
U.S.,</B><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff> <FONT color=#000000 size=4><B>that
</B></FONT></FONT></SPAN><B>has been spreading eastwardly at a slow pace and
is thought to hold the potential for eliminating multiflora rose in areas
where it grows in dense patches. Tree of Heaven is an invasive non-native
plant and is considered one of the top ten weeds in North America for about
200 years. A law passed in the 19th centuary makes it illegal to plant it in
Washington</B><SPAN><FONT color=#0000ff><B><FONT color=#000000
size=4>,</FONT></B></FONT></SPAN><B> DC. A mixture of field and laboratory
research shows that native and indigenous biocontrols from the new Southern
part of the range are available. The insects consist of Aculops
ailanthii and Atteva punctella with various fusarium fungi
co-hosts. </B></FONT><BR><BR clear=all><SPAN
class=HOEnZb><FONT color=#888888><BR>--
<BR></FONT></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></DIV><BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>PCA's
Alien Plant Working Group mailing list<BR><A
href="mailto:APWG@lists.plantconservation.org">APWG@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><A
href="http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><BR>Disclaimer<BR>Any
requests, advice or opinions posted to this list reflect ONLY the opinion of
the individual posting the message.<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><BR clear=all>
<DIV><BR></DIV>-- <BR>
<DIV><FONT size=1>Cynthia Boettner, Coordinator</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>Invasive Plant Control Initiative</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>103 E. Plumtree Rd.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>Sunderland, MA 01375</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>Phone: 413-548-8002 ext. 115</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>FAX: 413-548-9725</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>Email: <A href="mailto:Cynthia_Boettner@fws.gov"
target=_blank>Cynthia_Boettner@fws.gov</A></FONT></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>