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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Hi Robert et alia,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> The executive order (EO) you
refer to was an attempt, and a successful one at that, to enhance federal
coordination and the responses to issues of invasive species. It also has
facilitated federal cooperation and support of state and local programs and
efforts. A definition of “invasive species” was essential to
this EO (and I actually don’t particularly favor the one adopted).
As to the question of how much science has advanced due to previous EO’s:
I’d say <b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>lots</span></i></b>
(12501 and 13505 spring to mind).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> As to people who “hate”
exotic plants (for sake of argument, all non-North American plants) or hate natives;
I personally know of no one who would fall into either camp after 20+ years in
the nursery industry, research and academia, and gov’t. However, this
is only reflective of my personal experience.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> Some of Robert’s later
questions are perennial and will be asked time and time again. They are good to
reiterate and revisit to help compose realistic goals and define the extent of
the problem. I am unsure as to the seeming inconsistency in the argument
about political borders.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Sincerely,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><strong><b><font size=3
color=green face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:green'>Dominic
Maze</span></font></b></strong><font color=green><span style='color:green'> | </span></font><font
size=2 color=gray face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:gray'>Invasive Species Coordinator/Biologist </span></font><font
color=green><span style='color:green'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=gray
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:gray'>City
of <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Portland</st1:place></st1:City>
Environmental Services<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address
w:st="on"><font size=2 color=gray face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:gray'>1120 SW 5th Avenue</span></font></st1:address></st1:Street><font
size=2 color=gray face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:gray'>, Room 1000<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on"><font size=2 color=gray face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:gray'>Portland</span></font></st1:City><font
size=2 color=gray face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:gray'>, <st1:State w:st="on">Oregon</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">97204</st1:PostalCode></span></font></st1:place><font
size=2 color=gray face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:gray'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=gray
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:gray'>p:
(503) 823-4899<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=gray
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:gray'>f:
(503) 823-5344</span></font><font color=green><span style='color:green'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=gray
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:gray'><a
href="mailto:dominic.maze@portlandoregon.gov">dominic.maze@portlandoregon.gov</a></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>
</span></font><font color=gray><span style='color:gray'><a
href="http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=45696"><font size=2
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>www.portlandonline.com/bes/invasives</span></font></a></span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Robert Layton Beyfuss<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, September 04, 2012
6:35 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Claudia Thompson-Deahl; Marc
Imlay; Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b>
native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org;
'Katy Cummings'<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [APWG] [PCA] Native
Phragmites Data</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Thanks to all who
have responded and elaborated on my original query. I think the general
consensus is that native plants cannot be “officially” invasive but
they surely can be problematic! I have a colleague at Cornell who refers to
native weeds that behave like invasives as “interfering”
vegetation. No one has ever satisfactorily defined “exotic” in my
opinion and I consider <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Clinton</st1:place></st1:City>’s
executive order as a political gaffe that has mostly served to make ecologists
fight over semantics as the exchanges here seem to verify. I am not so sure how
much science has advanced due to executive orders. It has also generated
a backlash that causes people to hate plants from Europe or <st1:place w:st="on">Asia</st1:place>
in general and to create black lists and white lists of plants which I
find very disturbing. Vastly different ecosystems exist even within a given
state or region. I consider it impossible to say that a plant which is native
to <st1:country-region w:st="on">Canada</st1:country-region> is exotic anywhere
in n <st1:place w:st="on">North America</st1:place> but it surely does not
exist in many American ecosystems.. So where does one draw the border line?
Black locust, as one poster mentioned is a classic example of a plant that grew
satisfactorily in one particular place, but now seems to be a problem in other places
not very far away. Some states consider it as exotic. Plants don’t
recognize borders and neither should we in trying to tell “good”
plants from “bad” plants based on their lack of green cards.
Ecosystems are highly dynamic as succession creates profound changes in species
composition. Almost all plants have their merits and demerits in ecosystems and
many exotic plants have served us very well indeed. Poison ivy may provide food
for 60 or 70 bird species but so do Autumn olive and multiflora rose without
being toxic to touch. Introduced species are now hybridizing with related
native ones as is the case with Phragmites and probably others. How will we
classify their offspring? If they originate in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region>, are they not native? If the
hybrids become even more invasive does that fact become moot because they
originated here? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Claudia
Thompson-Deahl [<a href="mailto:CLAUDIA@reston.org">mailto:CLAUDIA@reston.org</a>]
<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, August 30, 2012
1:34 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Marc Imlay; <a
href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</a>; Robert
Layton Beyfuss<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</a>;
<a href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</a>;
'Katy Cummings'<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [APWG] [PCA] Native
Phragmites Data<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I would be surprised if Poison Ivy is on
the National Park Service Exotic Plant Management Teams list as I have heard
about 70 species of birds eat the berries and it is a native.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Claudia Thompson-Deahl <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><em><i><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Environmental Resource
Manager</span></font></i></em><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><em><i><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>ISA Certified Arborist #
MA-5203A</span></font></i></em><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><ns1:Street w:insAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl"
w:insDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl"
w:endInsDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"><ns1:address
w:insAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl" w:insDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl" w:endInsDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"><st1:Street
w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><em><i><font color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:navy'>12250 Sunset Hills Road</span></font></i></em></st1:address></st1:Street><u
style='text-decoration:none'><span class=msoIns><ins
cite="mailto:Claudia%20Thompson-Deahl" datetime="2012-08-30T13:30"></ns1:address></ins></span></u></ns1:Street></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><ns1:place w:insAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl"
w:insDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl"
w:endInsDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"><ns1:City
w:insAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl" w:insDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl" w:endInsDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"><st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><em><i><font color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Reston</span></font></i></em></st1:City><u
style='text-decoration:none'><span class=msoIns><ins
cite="mailto:Claudia%20Thompson-Deahl" datetime="2012-08-30T13:30"></ns1:City></ins></span></u></st1:place><em><i><font
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:navy'>, </span></font></i></em><ns1:State
w:insAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl" w:insDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl" w:endInsDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"><st1:State
w:st="on"><em><i><font color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>VA</span></font></i></em></st1:State><u style='text-decoration:
none'><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Claudia%20Thompson-Deahl"
datetime="2012-08-30T13:30"></ns1:State></ins></span></u><em><i><font
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></i></em><ns1:PostalCode
w:insAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl" w:insDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Claudia Thompson-Deahl" w:endInsDate="2012-08-30T13:30:00Z"><st1:PostalCode
w:st="on"><em><i><font color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>20190</span></font></i></em></st1:PostalCode><u
style='text-decoration:none'><span class=msoIns><ins
cite="mailto:Claudia%20Thompson-Deahl" datetime="2012-08-30T13:30"></ns1:PostalCode></ins></span></u></ns1:place></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><em><i><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>703.435.6547</span></font></i></em><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><a href="mailto:claudia@reston.org"><em><i><font
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>claudia@reston.org</span></font></i></em></a></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=1 color=teal face=Arial><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial;color:teal'>Reston Association
Employees Make the Difference: </span></font></b></strong><em><i><font size=1
color=teal face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial;
color:teal'>Caring for, Serving & Enhancing the Reston Community.</span></font></i></em><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><em><b><i><font size=1 color=teal face=Arial><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial;color:teal;font-weight:bold'>RA
Vision: </span></font></i></b></em><font size=1 color=teal face=Arial><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial;color:teal'>Leading the model
community where all can live, work, play, and get involved.</span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=1 color=teal face=Arial><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial;color:teal'>RA Mission:</span></font></b></strong><font
size=1 color=teal face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial;
color:teal'> To preserve and enhance the Reston Community through outstanding
leadership, service, and stewardship of our resources.</span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=1 color=teal face=Arial><span
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=5 color=green face=Webdings><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Webdings;color:green'>P</span></font><font
size=5 color=green face="Courier New"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:green'> </span></font><font size=1 color=green
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:green'>Please consider the environment before printing this e-mail.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <a
href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>
[<a href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Marc Imlay<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, August 30, 2012
8:02 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</a>;
'Robert Layton Beyfuss'<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</a>;
<a href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</a>;
'Katy Cummings'<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [APWG] [PCA] Native
Phragmites Data</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 color=blue face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>I show my volunteers how
Poison ivy is dominant in eary succession habitats after an unnatural
disturbance but becomes a minor species in fully recovered woodlands. The same
for sweetgum.</span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=yiv1956453493-15082012><b><font size=3
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy;font-weight:bold'>Marc Imlay, PhD,</span></font></b></span><font
color=blue face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=yiv1956453493-15082012><b><font size=3
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy;font-weight:bold'>Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office</span></font></b></span><font
color=blue face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'>(301)
442-5657 cell</span></font></b><font color=blue face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=green face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:green;font-weight:bold'> <span
class=MsoHyperlink><u><font color=green><span style='color:green'><a
href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a></span></font></u></span></span></font></b><font
color=blue face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'>Natural
and Historical Resources Division</span></font></b><font color=blue face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'>The
Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission</span></font></b><font
color=blue face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'><a
href="http://www.pgparks.com/" target="_blank"
title="blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
http://www.pgparks.com"><font
color=green><span style='color:green'>www.pgparks.com</span></font></a></span></font></b><font
color=blue face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <a
href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>
[<a href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b><a
href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</a><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, August 27, 2012
10:25 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Robert Layton Beyfuss<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</a>;
<a href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</a>;
Katy Cummings<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [APWG] [PCA] Native
Phragmites Data</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
</span></font><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>Cheers, Bob!</span></font>
<br>
<br>
<font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>My two cents: </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<ul type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>A native can most definitely be an invasive.
Teal and Mark's comments elucidate that issue well. </span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I'm not sure what list you might be referring
to, but from what I understand of the Federal Noxious Weed list, I believe
that plants that are either naturalized or have completely overrun the US
will not end up on that list. I believe that list tends to include species
that are in the earlier stages of invasion where prevention of further
influxes can still make a difference for slowing the spread. I also doubt
it would be on any state list - those often tend to be geared to
non-natives and ornamental plants - of which poison ivy is neither. </span></font>
<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
</span></font><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>It seems like
poison ivy falls into a strange no-man's land - as a native, it doesn't seem to
fit on the PCA ALien Plant WOrking Group listserve - yet the expertise on that
list may be more appropriate (versus this general native plant listserve)
because they are the folks with specific insight on invasive species biology. </span></font><br>
<br>
<font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>I wonder if any of the
National Park Service Exotic Plant Management Teams have identified it as among
their top ten target taxa in any of their regions? </span></font> <br>
<br>
<font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>-Patricia</span></font> <br>
<br>
<font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Patricia
S. De Angelis, Ph.D.<br>
Botanist, Division of Scientific Authority-US Fish & Wildlife
Service-International Affairs<br>
Chair, Medicinal Plant Working Group-Plant Conservation Alliance<br>
4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 110<br>
Arlington, VA 22203<br>
703-358-1708 x1753<br>
FAX: 703-358-2276<br>
<br>
Promoting sustainable use and conservation of our native medicinal plants. <br>
<<a href="http://www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal">www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal</a>><br>
<br>
Follow International Affairs<br>
> on Twitter </span></font><a href="http://twitter.com/USFWSInternatl"><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>http://twitter.com/USFWSInternatl<br>
> on Facebook </span></font></a><a
href="http://www.facebook.com/USFWS_InternationalAffairs"><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>http://www.facebook.com/USFWS_InternationalAffairs</span></font></a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%"
style='width:100.0%'>
<tr>
<td width="40%" valign=top style='width:40.0%;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=1 face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Robert Layton Beyfuss <<a
href="mailto:rlb14@cornell.edu">rlb14@cornell.edu</a>></span></font></b><font
size=1 face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><br>
<font size=1 face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial'>Sent
by: <a href="mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a></span></font>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=1 face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial'>08/27/2012
09:45 AM</span></font> <o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="59%" valign=top style='width:59.0%;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%"
style='width:100.0%'>
<tr>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><font size=1
face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial'>To</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;
font-family:Arial'>Katy Cummings <<a
href="mailto:katy.e.cummings@gmail.com">katy.e.cummings@gmail.com</a>>,
"<a href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</a>"
<<a href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</a>></span></font>
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><font size=1
face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial'>cc</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><font size=1
face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial'>Subject</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;
font-family:Arial'>Re: [PCA] Native Phragmites Data</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<br>
</span></font><font size=2 color="#004080" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#004080'>Hi All</span></font> <br>
<font size=2 color="#004080" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:#004080'>I am a bit confused and hope you can
enlighten me. I thought that the basic definition of an invasive plant was that
it had to be exotic. There are many native plants that create almost
solid monocultures such as common goldenrod yet can it be
“undesirable” at any density? . Poison ivy can overrun entire areas
but I have never seen it listed as invasive. </span></font><br>
<font size=2 color="#004080" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:#004080'>Bob </span></font><br>
<font size=2 color="#004080" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:#004080'> </span></font> <br>
<b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <a
href="mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>
[<a href="mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Katy Cummings<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'><br>
Sent:</span></b> Monday, August 20, 2012 9:28 PM<b><span style='font-weight:
bold'><br>
To:</span></b> <a href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</a><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'><br>
Subject:</span></b> [PCA] Native Phragmites Data</span></font> <br>
<br>
Fellow Conservationists- <br>
<br>
I work for The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in Door County, WI. My main project
this summer has been mapping exotic and native stands of Phragmites (<i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Phragmites australis</span></i> and <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Phragmites australis americanus</span></i>)
throughout TNC properties in Door County. I have some questions and
experiences to share with you as our organization tries to learn more about the
native/exotic Phragmites issue. <br>
<br>
We all know what havoc the exotic Phragmites subspecies can wreak on an
ecosystem, but do we know anything about the native subspecies? <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Is there any research out there showing that the native
Phragmites can behave as aggressively as the exotic? </span></b>In Door County,
the native usually grows in scattered to moderate densities along with other
wetland plants, with a few patches showing denser concentrations. There
are a few areas where the native has reached undesirable “dense”
concentrations, but as of yet we don’t know why. <br>
<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>What other plants are associated with the
native Phragmites?</span></b> TNC will be setting up monitoring plots
soon on some of our native patches, and when we get that data I’ll send
it to any interested people from this list. The only list I’ve been
able to find is from a chapter by Laura Meyerson et al. in “Invasions in
North American Salt Marshes” entitled “Phragmites australis in
Eastern North America: A Historical and Ecological Perspective”.
Does anyone know of other lists from different regions of the U.S.? <br>
<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Are there any patterns to where native
Phragmites is found? </span></b>During my mapping of the plant in Door County,
I’ve generally found native Phragmites set back from the edge of
waterways and growing in more marshy areas. <br>
<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>What have you all seen as far as size of
patches, number of patches, location, rate of spread, etc. of the native
Phragmites in your area? </span></b>Most of the wetlands in Door County
are fed by alkaline ground water discharge as a result of movement through the
underlying dolomitic bedrock. I assume that because of these alkaline
conditions we have a higher population of native Phragmites than perhaps other
regions of the Midwest. Is this true? <br>
<br>
To help answer these questions, The Nature Conservancy’s Door Peninsula
office has temporarily halted eradication measures of native lineages of <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Phragmites</span></i>. We are in the process of
developing long-term monitoring plots in native <i><span style='font-style:
italic'>Phragmites </span></i>stands throughout Nature Conservancy holdings in Door
County, WI. The goals of this monitoring project will be to assess the
following questions: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p><i><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-style:italic'>1.</span></font></i><i><font size=1><span style='font-size:
7.5pt;font-style:italic'> </span></font></i>Under what
conditions do native stands become aggressive? <o:p></o:p></p>
<p><i><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-style:italic'>2.</span></font></i><i><font size=1><span style='font-size:
7.5pt;font-style:italic'> </span></font></i>At what
threshold is a native stand damaging to the community? <o:p></o:p></p>
<p><i><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-style:italic'>3.</span></font></i><i><font size=1><span style='font-size:
7.5pt;font-style:italic'> </span></font></i>What plants are
commonly associated with native <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Phragmites </span></i>in
the Great Lakes region? <br>
If you are interested, I can send you a more detailed methodology for our
monitoring project, including what parameters we will be sampling. <br>
<br>
As an additional note, I’d encourage people to mention there is a native
variety of Phragmites and differentiate between the two strains in any
publications or documents. <br>
<br>
I look forward to your input! <br>
<br>
<br>
Thanks again, <br>
Katy Cummings <br>
<a href="mailto:katy.e.cummings@gmail.com">katy.e.cummings@gmail.com</a> <br>
<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Katherine E. Cummings<br>
Door Peninsula Conservation Intern<br>
The Nature Conservancy<br>
Sturgeon Bay, WI<tt><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>_______________________________________________</span></font></tt><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><br>
<tt><font face="Courier New">native-plants mailing list</font></tt><br>
<tt><font face="Courier New"><a
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