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<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=937515900-31082012><FONT color=#0000ff
face=Arial><STRONG>As a malacologist I have used trinomials. We check the
old museum records and when it is clear that the hybrids are only recent, as
with Mesodon clarki nantahala, the trinomial is considered a valid component of
biological diversity. </STRONG></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=937515900-31082012><STRONG><FONT
color=#0000ff face=Arial></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=937515900-31082012> <A
href="http://www.amazon.com/Recovery-noonday-Mesodon-clarki-nantahala/dp/B00416BVEI"
h="ID=SERP,5003.1">http://www.amazon.com/Recovery-noonday-Mesodon-clarki-nantahala/dp/B00416BVEI</A></SPAN></DIV>
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size=2 face=Arial></FONT></SPAN> </DIV><SPAN class=937515900-31082012>
<P dir=ltr align=left>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left>
<UL>
<LI><I>1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals</I> Gland, Switzerland: IUCN,
1993 <A href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/title/44776" target=_blank
$included="null">url</A> p. <A
href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31035868" target=_blank
$included="null">231</A>.</LI>
<LI><I>The distributions of the native land mollusks of the Eastern United
States / Leslie Hubricht.</I> 24 1985 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural
History, 1985. <A href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/title/3329"
target=_blank $included="null">url</A> p. <A
href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2843289" target=_blank
$included="null">181</A>, p. <A
href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2843151" target=_blank
$included="null">44</A>.</LI></UL></DIV>
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<H1 id=firstHeading class=firstHeading><SPAN dir=auto><I>Patera clarki
nantahala</I></SPAN></H1><!-- /firstHeading --><!-- bodyContent -->
<DIV id=bodyContent><!-- tagline -->
<DIV id=siteSub>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</DIV><!-- /tagline --><!-- subtitle -->
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<DIV class=pef-notification-checkmark> </DIV><SPAN></SPAN></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<TABLE style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 200px; FONT-SIZE: 100%"
class="infobox biota">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(211,211,164)"
colSpan=2><I>Patera clarki nantahala</I></TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" colSpan=2><A class=image
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Patera_clarki_nantahala.jpg"><IMG
alt=""
src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Patera_clarki_nantahala.jpg/220px-Patera_clarki_nantahala.jpg"
width=220 height=147></A></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; FONT-SIZE: 88%" colSpan=2><I>Patera clarki
nantahala</I></TD></TR>
<TR style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(211,211,164)">
<TH colSpan=2><A title="Conservation status"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_status">Conservation
status</A></TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD colSpan=2>
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><I>Not evaluated</I><SMALL> (<A
title="IUCN Red List"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List">IUCN 3.1</A>)<SUP
id=cite_ref-0 class=reference jQuery18001987376129877811="15"><A
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patera_clarki_nantahala#cite_note-0"><SPAN>[</SPAN>1<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP></SMALL></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TH style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(211,211,164)"
colSpan=2><A title="Biological classification"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification">Scientific
classification</A></TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Kingdom:</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap" class=kingdom><A class=mw-redirect
title=Animalia
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia">Animalia</A></SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Phylum:</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap" class=phylum><A title=Mollusca
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca">Mollusca</A></SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Class:</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap" class=class><A title=Gastropoda
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastropoda">Gastropoda</A></SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>(unranked):</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap" class=(unranked)>clade <A
title=Heterobranchia
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterobranchia">Heterobranchia</A><BR>clade
<A title=Euthyneura
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyneura">Euthyneura</A><BR>clade <A
title=Panpulmonata
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panpulmonata">Panpulmonata</A><BR>clade
<A title=Eupulmonata
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupulmonata">Eupulmonata</A><BR>clade
<A title=Stylommatophora
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylommatophora">Stylommatophora</A><BR>informal
group <A title=Sigmurethra
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmurethra">Sigmurethra</A></SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Superfamily:</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap" class=superfamily><A
title=Helicoidea
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicoidea">Helicoidea</A></SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Family:</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap" class=family><A title=Polygyridae
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyridae">Polygyridae</A></SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Genus:</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap" class=genus><I><A class=mw-redirect
title="Patera (genus)"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patera_(genus)">Patera</A></I></SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Species:</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap" class=species><I><A
title="Patera clarki"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patera_clarki">Patera
clarki</A></I></SPAN><BR><SMALL>(<A title="Isaac Lea"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Lea">I. Lea</A>,
1858)</SMALL></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Subspecies:</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap" class=subspecies><I><B>Patera clarki
nantahala</B></I></SPAN><BR><SMALL>(<A title="William J. Clench"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Clench">Clench</A> & <A
class=new title="Gilbert S. Banks (page does not exist)"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_S._Banks&action=edit&redlink=1">Banks</A>,
1932)<SUP id=cite_ref-Clench_1-0 class=reference
jQuery18001987376129877811="16"><A
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patera_clarki_nantahala#cite_note-Clench-1"><SPAN>[</SPAN>2<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP></SMALL></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TH style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(211,211,164)"
colSpan=2><A title="Synonym (taxonomy)"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)">Synonyms</A></TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" colSpan=2>
<P><I>Polygyra</I> (<I>Triodopsis</I>) <I>nantahala</I><SUP
id=cite_ref-Clench_1-1 class=reference jQuery18001987376129877811="17"><A
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patera_clarki_nantahala#cite_note-Clench-1"><SPAN>[</SPAN>2<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP><BR><I>Mesodon
clarki nantahala</I></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P>The name "nantahala" is a <A title="Cherokee language"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_language">Cherokee</A> word which
means <A title=Noon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noon">noonday</A>. This
subspecies was given this name because the snail lives in a deep gorge where the
sunshine does not reach the ground until the middle of the day.<SUP
id=cite_ref-1978_Final_2-0 class=reference jQuery18001987376129877811="18"><A
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patera_clarki_nantahala#cite_note-1978_Final-2"><SPAN>[</SPAN>3<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP></P>
<P>Its distribution is restricted to part of the <A class=mw-redirect
title="Nantahala Gorge"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nantahala_Gorge">Nantahala Gorge</A>, in the
<A title="Appalachian Mountains"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains">Appalachian
Mountains</A>, in <A title="Swain County, North Carolina"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swain_County,_North_Carolina">Swain County,
North Carolina</A>.</P>
<P>The noonday globe snail is known from a small area: approximately 2 miles of
high <A title=Cliff href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff">cliffs</A> within
the Nantahala Gorge, on the east side of the gorge.<SUP id=cite_ref-Guide_3-2
class=reference jQuery18001987376129877811="22"><A
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patera_clarki_nantahala#cite_note-Guide-3"><SPAN>[</SPAN>4<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP></P>
<P>The noonday globe snail was probably never widely distributed. Its preferred
habitat of steep wet slopes with calcareous rocks is rare in western North
Carolina. However, the subspecies was probably more widely distributed within
the <A class=mw-redirect title=Gorge
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorge">gorge</A> before the gorge itself was
altered for a <A class=mw-redirect title=Railroad
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad">railroad</A> and a <A title=Highway
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway">highway</A> <A title="U.S. Route 19"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_19">U.S. Route 19</A>. Both of
these projects altered the forest <A title="Community (ecology)"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_(ecology)">community</A> along the
river. The associated loss of the <A class=mw-redirect title="Canopy (forest)"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(forest)">forest canopy</A> allowed
more sunlight to penetrate the gorge, and dried out the lower slope. This <A
title=Habitat href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat">habitat</A> alteration
allowed such non-native plants as <A title=Kudzu
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudzu">Kudzu</A> and <A class=mw-redirect
title="Japanese honeysuckle"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_honeysuckle">Japanese
honeysuckle</A> to invade some roadside areas, and changed the area's natural
plant and animal community.</P>
<P>In an attempt to secure the snail's continued existence, the <A
title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service">United
States Fish and Wildlife Service</A> added it as a threatened subspecies, to the
<A class=mw-redirect
title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_list_of_endangered_species">Federal
Endangered and Threatened Species List</A> on July 3, 1978</P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </P><BR></DIV></DIV></DIV><!-- Title:End --><!-- Content:Start --></SPAN>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left>
<HR tabIndex=-1>
</DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><B>From:</B>
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Randall,
John L<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, August 30, 2012 10:11 AM<BR><B>To:</B> James
Trager; Pyle, Charlotte - NRCS, Tolland,CT; Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov;
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org;
native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] [PCA]
Dandelion follow-up & Phragmites<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">James: The
biological species concept will not be used for plants - certainly in our
lifetimes and probably not ever. For example: all Baptisia, Echinacea, and
Sarracenia taxa would each be considered individual species! Johnny</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Johnny
Randall, Ph.D.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Director
of Conservation Programs<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">North
Carolina Botanical Garden<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">CB
3375<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Chapel
Hill NC 27599<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">ncbg.unc.edu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">(W)
919-962-0522<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">(C)
919-923-0100<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of
</B>James Trager<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, August 29, 2012 3:55
PM<BR><B>To:</B> Pyle, Charlotte - NRCS, Tolland, CT;
Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org;
native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [PCA] Dandelion
follow-up & Phragmites<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">I will
make the following comment from the perspective of one who works in both the
plant and animal systematics fields:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">For now,
we’re stuck with them, but really, the plant systematists need to make an effort
to rid the system of these trinomials (both subspecies and varieties, for
goodness sakes!), by elevating entities such as the <I>Taraxacum</I> subspecies
to species (also <I>Phragmites, Achillea</I>, etc.) as warranted, and
synonymizing them where not warranted (no way reliably to discern them). These
populations behave genetically like what zoosystematists call biological species
(<I>á la</I> Ernst Mayr), a concept that has the appearance of somehow never
having caught on with botanists. One can certainly point to all sorts of
difficult cases and imperfections in the use of the biological species paradigm,
but I still think it would be an improvement over the mess of infraspecific taxa
that now so heavily burdens plant taxonomy. The botanists need to “get with the
program”. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Now as
for defining “native” and “non-native” – not something I wish to rant about at
the moment!<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">James C. Trager, Ph.
D.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Biologist -
Naturalist<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Shaw Nature
Reserve<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">P.O. Box 38<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Gray Summit MO
63039<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">636-451-3512 ext.
6002<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class=MsoNormal align=center>
<HR align=center SIZE=2 width="100%">
</DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A
href="mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
<A
href="mailto:[mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org]">[mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org]</A>
<B>On Behalf Of </B>Pyle, Charlotte - NRCS, Tolland, CT<BR><B>Sent:</B>
Wednesday, August 29, 2012 2:13 PM<BR><B>To:</B> <A
href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</A>; <A
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>;
<A
href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><B>Subject:</B>
Re: [PCA] Dandelion follow-up & Phragmites</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">One
thing about the USDA PLANTS database is that you have to understand how its data
layers work.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">For
example, if you go to <I>Taraxacum officinale</I> (the genus and species for
Common Dandelion), you will get a distribution map for the genus/species.
Note that at the top of the screen there is an indication of the Native
Status.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
At the genus/species level, this taxa (<I>Taraxacum officinale</I>) is both
Native and Introduced in the Lower 48 states of the USA (L48) because one
subspecies (<I>ceratophorum</I>) is native and the other (<I>officinale</I>) is
introduced.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<A
href="http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TAOF">http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TAOF</A></SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
Below the map of the genus/species, there are separate clickable maps of each
subspecies. Using scientific names, these maps and associated information
clear up any confusion as to which taxa is native and which is introduced in the
Lower 48 area.**</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
However, there is a different
problem which is that PLANTS does not have unique Common Names for each taxa, so
both the genus/species and its two subspecies are all referred to as "Common
Dandelion".</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">**************************</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I
believe there is a somewhat similar issue with the question of the
nativity/invasiveness of <I>Phragmites australis</I> in the sense that the
native <I>Phragmites</I> is a subspecies of a genus/species (<I>Phragmites
australis</I>).</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<I>Phragmites australis</I> subspecies <I>australis</I> is not native in the
USA.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">It
is unfortunate that a common botanical convention is to use just the binomial
(genus/species name) when referring to the "typical" subspecies (the one whose
subspecies name is the same name as the species). Thus we say <I>P.
australis</I> is invasive when we actually mean <I>P. australis</I> ssp.
<I>australis</I> is invasive.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> And
this gets me to the issue that it is important to use trinomials (genus/species
plus subspecies or variety) when talking about plants that have subspecies or
varieties even if you only have one of the subspecies in your own area.
(Incidentally, this concept also is important when making lists of native plants
that serve as alternatives to invasive species.!)</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
Here is a reference for Phragmites that explains the changes in the ways people
have thought about <I>Phragmites australis</I>. It also gives a key to the
subspecies: <A
href="http://herbarium.usu.edu/treatments/Phragmites.htm">http://herbarium.usu.edu/treatments/Phragmites.htm</A></SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">************</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">**
Finally, unrelated to the present issue, but something I will mention
anyway: there is a different mapping issue with PLANTS which relates to
the overlaying of (1) the dataset for Native vs Introduced which is done in huge
polygons (L48 = the entire 48 states of the continental USA as one polygon) on
top of the (2) the state by state distribution map of presence/absence of
a particular species. </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> Currently,
if you look at Blue Spruce (<I>Picea pungens</I>), it is characterized as Native
in L48 (by virtue of its being native in the Rocky Mountain states). It is
mapped as present in quite a few states. </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><A
href="http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch">http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch</A></SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
When you hit the View Native Status button below the state by state distribution
map, the database overlays the nativity status map (Native in L48; Introduced in
Canada) on top. This gives you a map that makes it "appear" that Blue
Spruce is native in Massachusetts whereas what PLANTS is trying to show is that
it native (somewhere) in the Lower 48 states, but introduced everywhere it is
found in Canada!</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I
have heard that PLANTS database hopes to be getting the funding to fix
this glitch.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Cheers,</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
Charlotte Pyle</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Charlotte
Pyle, PhD<BR>Landscape Ecologist<BR>USDA-Natural Resources Conservation
Service<BR>344 Merrow Road<BR>Tolland, CT 06084<BR><BR>phone: (860)
871-4066<BR>fax: (860) 871-4054<BR>email: <A
href="mailto:charlotte.pyle@ct.usda.gov">charlotte.pyle@ct.usda.gov</A><BR><A
href="http://www.ct.nrcs.usda.gov/plants.html">www.ct.nrcs.usda.gov/plants.html</A></SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">NOTICE
to Hispanic or Women Farmers: </SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">If you
believe USDA improperly denied you farm loan benefits during 1981-2000, visit
<B><A
href="http://www.farmerclaims.gov/">farmerclaims.gov</A></B>.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A
href="mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
<A
href="mailto:[mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org]">[mailto:native-plants-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org]</A>
<B>On Behalf Of </B><A
href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</A><BR><B>Sent:</B>
Wednesday, August 29, 2012 11:57 AM<BR><B>To:</B> <A
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>;
<A
href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><B>Subject:</B>
[PCA] Dandelion follow-up</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><BR><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">My last
post prompted another listserver to send me a correction to the dandelion
comment (please see below). Thank you, Richard. I stand corrected. Perhaps
Richard could also let us know how these maps are attributed (I forgot to
ask).</SPAN> <BR><BR><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Meanwhile,
I'll take the opportunity to say that, despite their bad rep in some circles,
dandelions also have a long-standing reputation as an important part of the
herbalists medicine cabinet. But that's a discussion for the Medicinal Plant
Working Group list!</SPAN> <BR><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Thanks, Patricia</SPAN> <BR><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Patricia S. De
Angelis, Ph.D.<BR>Botanist, Division of Scientific Authority-US Fish &
Wildlife Service-International Affairs<BR>Chair, Medicinal Plant Working
Group-Plant Conservation Alliance<BR>4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite
110<BR>Arlington, VA 22203<BR>703-358-1708 x1753<BR>FAX:
703-358-2276<BR><BR>Promoting sustainable use and conservation of our native
medicinal plants. <BR><<A
href="http://www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal">www.nps.gov/plants/medicinal</A>><BR><BR>Follow
International Affairs<BR>> on Twitter </SPAN><A
href="http://twitter.com/USFWSInternatl"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">http://twitter.com/USFWSInternatl<BR>>
on Facebook </SPAN></A><A
href="http://www.facebook.com/USFWS_InternationalAffairs"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">http://www.facebook.com/USFWS_InternationalAffairs</SPAN></A>
<BR><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: purple; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">-----
Forwarded by Patricia De Angelis/ARL/R9/FWS/DOI on 08/29/2012 11:49 AM
-----</SPAN> <o:p></o:p></P>
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellPadding=0
width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 40%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"
vAlign=top width="40%">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">"Richard Old"
<<A
href="mailto:rold@pullman.com">rold@pullman.com</A>></SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">08/29/2012
11:38 AM</SPAN> <o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 59%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"
vAlign=top width="59%">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellPadding=0
width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"
vAlign=top>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: right" class=MsoNormal align=right><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">To</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"
vAlign=top>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"><<A
href="mailto:Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov">Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov</A>></SPAN>
<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"
vAlign=top>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: right" class=MsoNormal align=right><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">cc</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"
vAlign=top>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"
vAlign=top>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: right" class=MsoNormal align=right><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">Subject</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"
vAlign=top>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">FW:
Images</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellPadding=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"
vAlign=top>
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<TD
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<P class=MsoNormal><BR><BR><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Patricia:</SPAN>
<SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR>The
link which you sent to the lists reflects the typically outdated status of the
USDA PLANTS site. </SPAN> <SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR>What
is referred to there as Taraxacum officinale ssp. ceratophorum is now considered
a separate native species (T. ceratophorum). </SPAN> <SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR>Please
note the attached distribution maps.</SPAN> <SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR>Richard</SPAN>
<BR><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR>Richard
R. Old, Ph.D.</SPAN> <SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR>XID
Services, Inc.</SPAN> <U><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR></SPAN></U><A
href="http://www.xidservices.com/"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">www.xidservices.com</SPAN></A>
<SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR>800
872 2943</SPAN> <SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR>509
332 2989</SPAN> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
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