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<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=968552411-17082012><FONT color=#0000ff
face=Arial><STRONG>We found a similar trend with garlic Mustard. Some flowered
and seeded much earlier while some was at a normal time. Thus control season is
more spread out than normal.</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=968552411-17082012><STRONG><FONT
color=#0000ff face=Arial></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=968552411-17082012>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial><SPAN
class=171261310-15082012><FONT color=#008000><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN
class=171261310-15082012><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: navy; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN>Marc Imlay,
PhD,</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B></FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial><SPAN
class=171261310-15082012><FONT color=#008000><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN
class=171261310-15082012><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: navy; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"></SPAN></SPAN>Conservation
biologist, Park Ranger Office</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT color=#008000><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">(301)
442-5657 cell</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><A
title="blocked::blocked::mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com
blocked::mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com
mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"
href="blocked::mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"></A><A
title="blocked::blocked::mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com
blocked::mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com
mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"
href="blocked::mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"></A><FONT
color=#008000> </FONT><A
title="blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
mailto:ialm@erols.com"
href="blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com"><FONT
title="blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com"
color=#008000>ialm@erols.com</FONT></A></SPAN></B><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT color=#008000><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Natural
and Historical Resources Division</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT color=#008000><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">The <?xml:namespace
prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Maryland-National</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Capital</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> and Planning
Commission</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><A
title="blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
http://www.pgparks.com"
href="http://www.pgparks.com/"><FONT title=blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
color=#008000>www.pgparks.com</FONT></A></SPAN></B></P></DIV></SPAN></FONT><BR></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<DIV dir=ltr lang=en-us class=OutlookMessageHeader align=left>
<HR tabIndex=-1>
<FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><B>From:</B> apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of
</B>Cynthia_Boettner@fws.gov<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, August 16, 2012 1:23
PM<BR><B>To:</B> Angie Shelton<BR><B>Cc:</B> apwg@lists.plantconservation.org;
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org; telliman@newfs.org;
chris@polatineco.com; dgumbart@tnc.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG]
early-flowering stiltgrass<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<P>Hi Angie,<BR>Although here in western Massachasetts we are half expecting an
earlier seed set this year, so far it seems to be on a similar schedule as last
year. Like you, in the past we haven't seen flowering until late August. We
still hadn't seen flowering here as of Aug. 11, the last time we were out doing
control work in Conway, MA. Now that I've seen your email, I will expect that
our events scheduled for later this month may be tricky. I am copying this
message to collaborators in southern MA and southern CT so they can weigh in as
well. <BR><BR>Best,<BR>Cynthia<BR><BR>Cynthia Boettner, Coordinator<BR>Invasive
Plant Control Initiative<BR>Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife
Refuge<BR>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service<BR>103 E. Plumtree Rd.<BR>Sunderland,
MA 01375<BR>Phone: 413-548-8002 ext. 115<BR>FAX: 413-548-9725<BR>Email:
Cynthia_Boettner@fws.gov<BR><BR><IMG border=0
alt="Inactive hide details for Angie Shelton <anshelto@indiana.edu>"
src="cid:968552411@17082012-33B8" width=16 height=16>Angie Shelton
<anshelto@indiana.edu><BR><BR><BR>
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<TD
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(cid:2__=0ABBF0CFDFCE33B88f9e8a93df938690@fws.gov); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat"
width="40%">
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL><B><FONT size=2>Angie Shelton
<anshelto@indiana.edu></FONT></B><FONT size=2>
</FONT><BR><FONT size=2>Sent by:
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</FONT>
<P><FONT size=2>08/16/2012 09:37 AM</FONT></P></UL></UL></UL></UL></TD>
<TD width="60%">
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<TR vAlign=top>
<TD width="1%"><IMG border=0 alt=""
src="cid:968552411@17082012-33BF" width=58 height=1><BR>
<DIV align=right><FONT size=2>To</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="100%"><IMG border=0 alt=""
src="cid:968552411@17082012-33BF" width=1 height=1><BR><FONT
size=2>apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD width="1%"><IMG border=0 alt=""
src="cid:968552411@17082012-33BF" width=58 height=1><BR>
<DIV align=right><FONT size=2>cc</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="100%"><IMG border=0 alt=""
src="cid:968552411@17082012-33BF" width=1 height=1><BR></TD></TR>
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD width="1%"><IMG border=0 alt=""
src="cid:968552411@17082012-33BF" width=58 height=1><BR>
<DIV align=right><FONT size=2>Subject</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="100%"><IMG border=0 alt=""
src="cid:968552411@17082012-33BF" width=1 height=1><BR><FONT
size=2>[APWG] early-flowering stiltgrass</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0>
<TBODY>
<TR vAlign=top>
<TD width=58><IMG border=0 alt="" src="cid:968552411@17082012-33BF"
width=1 height=1></TD>
<TD width=336><IMG border=0 alt="" src="cid:968552411@17082012-33BF"
width=1 height=1></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><FONT
size=4>Hello all, </FONT><BR><BR><FONT size=4>I have noticed that Japanese
stilt grass in south central Indiana started setting seed by the first week
of August this year. Seed set in this area usually begins in late
August to early September. This year's seed set is almost a full month earlier
than usual. Control efforts on this annual plant need to be done before
seed set to be effective, so an earlier flowering time reduces the time for
late-season management. </FONT><BR><BR><FONT size=4>The earlier
flowering could be a result of a warm, early spring that caused stiltgrass and
most native spring plants to germinate 3-4 weeks earlier than usual. It
could also be due to a much warmer than usual summer. These causes are not
mutually exclusive. </FONT><BR><BR><FONT size=4>I am curious if Japanese
stiltgrass is also flowering earlier than usual in other regions. If so,
was germination also earlier than usual? Summer temperatures were probably
warmer than usual across the entire range in the eastern U.S. What are the
typical germination and flowering times in more southern regions where the
growing season is longer? Being able to predict flowering time across a
range of conditions is important to know when the deadline is to complete
management efforts for the year. </FONT><BR><BR><BR><FONT size=4>Angie
Shelton<BR>Department of Biology<BR>IU Research & Teaching
Preserve<BR>Indiana University<BR>Bloomington, IN
47405<BR>812-855-1674</FONT><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=4><BR></FONT></U><A
href="mailto:anshelto@indiana.edu"><U><FONT color=#0000ff
size=4>anshelto@indiana.edu</FONT></U></A><TT><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>PCA's
Alien Plant Working Group mailing
list<BR>APWG@lists.plantconservation.org<BR></TT><TT><A
href="http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org">http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org</A></TT><TT><BR><BR>Disclaimer<BR>Any
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