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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I am working in and watching a natural area in Reston VA. My focus right now is stiltgrass removal – trying to get as much out as I can before the seeds set. At this point I have not seen any flowers yet. I am working mostly in areas that are about 10 feet higher than stream level in a stream valley. Some areas are a bit higher. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>We did have the early spring, so I feared that the stiltgrass would mature early. But since then we have had many days when the temperature exceeded 95 degrees F. I am speculating that may have had a retarding effect. So at this time it seems to me that we are on a normal track. I will ask others in this area what they are seeing. And when I hear from them, and/or start to see the flowering myself, I will post again.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Monotype Corsiva";color:#1F497D'>Diana</span></b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Monotype Corsiva";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><br>Diana F. Carter <br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org [mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Cynthia_Boettner@fws.gov<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, August 16, 2012 1:23 PM<br><b>To:</b> Angie Shelton<br><b>Cc:</b> apwg@lists.plantconservation.org; apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org; telliman@newfs.org; chris@polatineco.com; dgumbart@tnc.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [APWG] early-flowering stiltgrass<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Hi Angie,<br>Although here in western Massachasetts we are half expecting an earlier seed set this year, so far it seems to be on a similar schedule as last year. Like you, in the past we haven't seen flowering until late August. We still hadn't seen flowering here as of Aug. 11, the last time we were out doing control work in Conway, MA. Now that I've seen your email, I will expect that our events scheduled for later this month may be tricky. I am copying this message to collaborators in southern MA and southern CT so they can weigh in as well. <br><br>Best,<br>Cynthia<br><br>Cynthia Boettner, Coordinator<br>Invasive Plant Control Initiative<br>Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge<br>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service<br>103 E. Plumtree Rd.<br>Sunderland, MA 01375<br>Phone: 413-548-8002 ext. 115<br>FAX: 413-548-9725<br>Email: <a href="mailto:Cynthia_Boettner@fws.gov">Cynthia_Boettner@fws.gov</a><br><br><img border=0 width=16 height=16 id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.gif@01CD7BD0.4FEF76C0" alt="Inactive hide details for Angie Shelton <anshelto@indiana.edu>">Angie Shelton <<a href="mailto:anshelto@indiana.edu">anshelto@indiana.edu</a>><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%'><tr><td width="40%" valign=top style='width:40.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:2.0in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Angie Shelton <<a href="mailto:anshelto@indiana.edu">anshelto@indiana.edu</a>></span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> </span><br><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Sent by: <a href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a></span> <o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin-left:2.0in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>08/16/2012 09:37 AM</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width="60%" valign=top style='width:60.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%'><tr><td width="1%" valign=top style='width:1.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=58 height=1 id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image002.png@01CD7BD0.4FEF76C0"><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>To</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=1 height=1 id="_x0000_i1027" src="cid:image003.png@01CD7BD0.4FEF76C0"><br><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</a></span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width="1%" valign=top style='width:1.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=58 height=1 id="_x0000_i1028" src="cid:image002.png@01CD7BD0.4FEF76C0"><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>cc</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=1 height=1 id="_x0000_i1029" src="cid:image003.png@01CD7BD0.4FEF76C0"><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width="1%" valign=top style='width:1.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=58 height=1 id="_x0000_i1030" src="cid:image002.png@01CD7BD0.4FEF76C0"><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Subject</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=1 height=1 id="_x0000_i1031" src="cid:image003.png@01CD7BD0.4FEF76C0"><br><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>[APWG] early-flowering stiltgrass</span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td width=58 valign=top style='width:43.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=1 height=1 id="_x0000_i1032" src="cid:image003.png@01CD7BD0.4FEF76C0"><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=336 valign=top style='width:3.5in;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=1 height=1 id="_x0000_i1033" src="cid:image003.png@01CD7BD0.4FEF76C0"><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p><br><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>Hello all, </span><br><br><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>I have noticed that Japanese stilt grass in south central Indiana started setting seed by the first week of August this year. Seed set in this area usually begins in late August to early September. This year's seed set is almost a full month earlier than usual. Control efforts on this annual plant need to be done before seed set to be effective, so an earlier flowering time reduces the time for late-season management. </span><br><br><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>The earlier flowering could be a result of a warm, early spring that caused stiltgrass and most native spring plants to germinate 3-4 weeks earlier than usual. It could also be due to a much warmer than usual summer. These causes are not mutually exclusive. </span><br><br><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>I am curious if Japanese stiltgrass is also flowering earlier than usual in other regions. If so, was germination also earlier than usual? Summer temperatures were probably warmer than usual across the entire range in the eastern U.S. What are the typical germination and flowering times in more southern regions where the growing season is longer? Being able to predict flowering time across a range of conditions is important to know when the deadline is to complete management efforts for the year. </span><br><br><br><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>Angie Shelton<br>Department of Biology<br>IU Research & Teaching Preserve<br>Indiana University<br>Bloomington, IN 47405<br>812-855-1674<u><span style='color:blue'><br></span></u></span><a href="mailto:anshelto@indiana.edu"><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>anshelto@indiana.edu</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><br><tt>_______________________________________________</tt><br><tt>PCA's Alien Plant Working Group mailing list</tt><br><tt><a href="mailto:APWG@lists.plantconservation.org">APWG@lists.plantconservation.org</a></tt><br><tt><a href="http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org">http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org</a></tt><br><br><tt>Disclaimer</tt><br><tt>Any requests, advice or opinions posted to this list reflect ONLY the opinion of the individual posting the message.</tt></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>