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<DIV dir=ltr align=left><STRONG><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
class=234492712-28022012><FONT color=#000000 size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Just
to clarify, ecosystems are dynamic and constantly changing, but not at the
present rate of change. When endangered species were protected with national and
international laws and programs several decades ago, we agreed that species
naturally become extinct over time. It is just the rate of extintion that
had increased a thousand fold and needed to be reversed so new species had an
ecosystem to evolve in. </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><STRONG><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
class=234492712-28022012><FONT color=#000000 size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></STRONG> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><STRONG><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
class=234492712-28022012><FONT color=#000000 size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<DIV><FONT size=2><FONT size=3 face=Arial><STRONG>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial><SPAN
class=578543911-24022012>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy">Marc Imlay,
PhD,</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue">
<U></U><U></U></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy">Conservation biologist,
Park Ranger Office</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: blue"><U></U><U></U></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy">(301) 442-5657
cell</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: blue"><U></U><U></U></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: green"> <A
title=blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"
target=_blank>ialm@erols.com</A></SPAN></B><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue"><U></U><U></U></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy">Natural and Historical
Resources Division</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: blue"><U></U><U></U></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: navy">The Maryland-National Capital Park and
Planning Commission</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue"><U></U><U></U></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: green"><A
title=blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/ href="http://www.pgparks.com/"
target=_blank>www.pgparks.com</A></SPAN></B><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue"><U></U><U></U></SPAN></P></SPAN></FONT></DIV><BR></STRONG></FONT></FONT></DIV></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><STRONG><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
class=234492712-28022012><FONT color=#000000 size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></STRONG> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr lang=en-us class=OutlookMessageHeader align=left>
<HR tabIndex=-1>
<FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><B>From:</B> apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of
</B>Hempy-Mayer,Kara L (CONTR) - KEC-4<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, February 27, 2012
2:14 PM<BR><B>To:</B> 'apwg@lists.plantconservation.org'<BR><B>Cc:</B>
'rwg@lists.plantconservation.org'<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] [RWG] Ecosystem
Restoration Collapse<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Agreed.
I’ve heard many people argue against the ideas of “ecosystem preservation” and
“restoration,” but it’s usually a matter of semantics. What restoration
and preservation are trying to accomplish is to maintain diversity on a global
scale: there are ecosystems here that worked well before we starting impacting
them so profoundly: we attempt to “restore” them by taking out what we put in
(exotic weeds), or trying to repair what we damaged (soil structure, hydrology,
etc.). Then, hopefully, the previous ecosystem processes can
reestablish.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">As
to the argument about increased carbon dioxide levels: I’ve always wondered
about this. The argument that increased CO2 in the atmosphere has a
profound effect on plant growth assumes that nothing else is limiting plant
growth. From my limited background in plant physiology, there are usually many
things limiting plant growth: macronutrients, micronutrients, water, and light.
In balance, can CO2 have that big of an effect, even if it is limiting?
Are there field studies that have found evidence for this?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Thank
you for the opportunity to comment -Kara<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>William
Stringer<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, February 27, 2012 8:41 AM<BR><B>To:</B> Robert
Layton Beyfuss; Katie Fite; Wayne Tyson<BR><B>Cc:</B>
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org;
rwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] [RWG] Ecosystem
Restoration Collapse<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">As to ecosystem
restoration , we are not proposing to make a man-made Hope Diamond here.
We are proposing to work from our admittedly limited knowledge base of what
should be there, and what should not. We take out, to the degree that we
can, the should-nots, particularly the known exotic invasive should-nots.
We then try to place into the site local-source propagules of known natives in a
patchwork of mixtures of relatively compatible species. At that point we
have probably done most of what we can contribute. We can manage the site
to the degree that we can simulate natural disturbance phenomena. But
mostly at this point we stay out of the way and let natural phenomena drive the
restoration. The only exception would be if outbreaks of exotic invasive
species begin to threaten. Then, we monitor and learn</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">What we cannot do is
let micro-analysis of the term restoration immobilize us into total
inaction.</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Bill
Stringer</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class=MsoNormal align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">
<HR align=center SIZE=2 width="100%">
</SPAN></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] On Behalf Of Robert Layton Beyfuss
[rlb14@cornell.edu]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, February 27, 2012 10:26
AM<BR><B>To:</B> Katie Fite; Wayne Tyson<BR><B>Cc:</B>
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org;
rwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] [RWG] Ecosystem
Restoration Collapse<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I
do not understand how ecosystems can be restored since I consider them as
dynamic and constantly changing. It is not possible to completely re-create the
environmental conditions that led to a given ecosystem at any given time in the
past. If ecosystems represent the interactions of living and environmental
factors, to restore an ecosystem requires replicating the previous environmental
factors that affect the living organisms. The level of carbon dioxide in our
atmosphere has doubled in the past 80 years. Plant growth, reproduction and
survival is profoundly affected by carbon dioxide levels. I consider attempts to
restore ecosystems as no more than human’s creating new ecosystems
using species of plants that previously occurred because humans liked the
previous once more than the current one. </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Katie
Fite<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, February 27, 2012 9:12 AM<BR><B>To:</B> Wayne
Tyson<BR><B>Cc:</B> apwg@lists.plantconservation.org;
rwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] [RWG] Ecosystem
Restoration Collapse</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: black">Wayne,<BR><BR>I am interested in the discussion.<BR><BR>And
discussions of what ecological restoration is, and also discussions of how the
term "restoration" is currently being used by agencies or at times
industry - to describe imposing major disturbances on mature or old
growth woody vegetation communities - with such disturbances often then
leading to weed invasions.<BR><BR>Katie Fite<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black">On Sat, Feb 25, 2012 at 8:33 PM,
Wayne Tyson <<A href="mailto:landrest@cox.net">landrest@cox.net</A>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">All:</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">One of my fellow
subscribers has been corresponding with me off-list the subject of ecosystem
restoration standards, and I have been unsuccessful in persuading the subscriber
to keep the discussion on-list, as I believe the subject is of broad common
interest. This person apparently believes that I am the only one (with one or
two others) interested, because no one else has weighed in on the subject. Is
this person right? Are none but three or four of us interested in this topic?
Should this and related topics be kept off list (to keep topics of restricted
interest from clogging the in-baskets of the majority? If so, how many
subscribers are there to APWG and RWG? </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">I am hereby taking the
liberty to broach the most recent topic, the collapse of ecosystem restoration
projects, signified by the return of weed dominance in some cases. I would add
to this that ecosystem restoration projects also "collapse" or fail to "take"
whether or not weeds dominate. The off-list poster confined the comments to
grasslands, so I will primarily address that issue, but the same principles hold
true for other biomes and can be more broadly applied. </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">First, the "return" of
grassland restoration projects to weed-dominance.</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">There are a number of
reasons for this, some related to context issues like soil type, some
related to restoration methods, but consideration of soil type must be part
of the restoration assessment, planning, and execution process. Soil type is
important; in the case of grassland restoration, it is preferable (actually
essential) that a grassland soil is present--if it isn't, all the King of
Restoration's horses and all the KoR's men and women will not be able to make a
silk purse out of a sow's ear (without some major alterations to the soil). I
invite others to expand and expound on this subject; I will mention only some
factors. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">True grassland soils
tend to have identifiable characteristics. They tend to develop on alluvial or
aeolian soils of finer texture and containing considerable natural humus and
soil flora/fauna, as well as mineral deposits at depth (commonly at or near
the effective bottom of the root zone) such as calcium and sodium.
Disturbance of such soils can render the site largely incapable of supporting a
true grassland, such as when bulldozed or otherwise excavated and the surface is
changed from a grassland-type soil to a jumbled mass, sometimes consisting
of coarse B-horizon or deeper deposits unsuited to grassland development. This
should be determined in the initial assessment and feasibility investigation,
and consideration should be given to restoring an ecosystem/plant community type
other than grasslands, at least as a transitional measure until something
resembling a grassland soil can be developed. (Wholesale replacement of the
degraded soil with grassland soil can be done, but it is terribly expensive.)
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">If one tries to
establish a grassland on non-grassland soils, one is most likely going to be
disappointed, and "failure" is almost foreordained. I have, however, attempted
to grow hair on such billiard-ball sites, with limited success. If other
conditions are favorable, a soil can sometimes be developed (or its development
accelerated) by certain tricks (e.g., praying for gopher or prairie-dog
invasions, adding mycorrhizal fungi and other essential soil organisms, and
transitional plantings of annual plants--sometimes even grasses, but more
commonly dicots like weeds and flowers that will be humus-builders. Short-lived
perennial plants, even some shrubs, also can be used. This approach is much
cheaper than soil importation, and sometimes can be better. The actual strategy
should fit the context. </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">I should make it clear
that my first fifteen years of attempting ecosystem restoration projects were
all failures by my own standards, and I have continued to make some mistakes
once ever since. One must, I believe, learn from actual experience. However,
just experience is no guarantee of expertise. If I had stubbornly held on to
what I "knew" and refused to consider that what I knew might be wrong, I would
have continued to fail. I did get to the point that could reliably initiate
ecosystem processes and avoid "collapse." All restoration practitioners can
do is to accelerate ecosystem development anyway, largely by setting up
conditions that will permit or even maybe encourage natural ecosystems processes
to work. We don't actually restore living systems. </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">In short, most failures
can be traced back to the kind of work done and not done to set up favorable
conditions for natural forces to work upon. </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">In short, two of my
biggest mistakes (there have been many others) have been to: </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">a. fail to properly
assess site conditions and develop a restoration program that modifies or
matches those conditions. </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">b. plant too many seeds
and plants, spending far too much money and doing far too much presumptuous
guesswork. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">If a grassland soil is
present, indigenous species can persist and eventually re-assert dominance over
weed populations. If one can mimic grassland soils, one has a chance of
fostering the development of grassland, but one must out-draw the Lone Ranger to
do it. If one is presumptuous enough to believe that all that needs to be done
is to kill weeds and scatter seeds, collapse, unless one is terribly lucky, is
rather more likely than not. </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Disturbed sites (from
bulldozing to trampling) tend to favor weeds. They are the scabs, as it were, on
the scarred face of the earth--not pretty, but an inevitable result of land
mismanagement. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">2. Collapse of
"restored" ecosystems that do not necessarily result in dominance of
weeds.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">This phenomenon is often
the result of simply seeding or planting too many and/or the wrong balance of
the right (and/or wrong) species at the wrong time, possibly including
"maintenance." </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">This can be the subject
of another discussion, but I have run out of time . . . (and since it does not
include weeds so much, it might be "inappropriate" for these lists. </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #888888">WT</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>PCA's
Restoration Working Group mailing list<BR><A
href="mailto:RWG@lists.plantconservation.org">RWG@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><A
href="http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/rwg_lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/rwg_lists.plantconservation.org</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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