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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Wayne et al.: There is a degree of hubris
that accompanies true ecosystem restoration efforts. I agree minimizing
disturbance is of prime importance. Sometimes all we can hope to do is tip
the balance by removing or minimizing invasive non-natives
and fostering or re-introducing the ecologically dominant native
species. My work here in Utah over the last 15 years involves woody
riparian restoration for neotropical migrant birds on a local river
floodplain. We have successfully used a whole suite of common native trees
and shrubs to restore willife habitat on old, overgrazed pastures invaded by
Tamarisk and Russian Olive, in addtion to a plethora of non-native
weeds. I think this "hurry up" apporach to secondary
succession will take up to 25 years, depending on canopy closure, to
achieve proper ecosystem function, and that is highly optimistic
guess. Regards to all, Ty Harrison</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=landrest@cox.net href="mailto:landrest@cox.net">Wayne Tyson</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=tyju@xmission.com
href="mailto:tyju@xmission.com">Ty Harrison</A> ; <A title=ialm@erols.com
href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">Marc Imlay</A> ; <A title=rlb14@cornell.edu
href="mailto:rlb14@cornell.edu">'Robert Layton Beyfuss'</A> ; <A
title=gino.graziano@alaska.gov
href="mailto:gino.graziano@alaska.gov">'Graziano, Gino A (DNR)'</A> ; <A
title=genafleming@gmail.com href="mailto:genafleming@gmail.com">'Gena
Fleming'</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A
title=apwg@lists.plantconservation.org
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Friday, July 29, 2011 11:16
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] Terminology still
unresolved? Re: Jewelweed</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Ty et al: </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Speaking of being picky about terms, I am so
radical that I have long campaigned for minimizing disturbance in the first
place, modifying rather than replacing indigenous ecosystems, and restoring
functioning ecosystems (self-sufficient, self-perpetuating) rather than
"landscaping with native plants." The reason for this has more with promoting
a true understanding of ecosystems and dealing with them in a way that does
not needlessly waste biological and other resources. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>There is a HUGE difference between ecosystem
restoration and management and "landscaping with native plants" and their
"maintenance. I suspect that there are some people, perhaps a significant
number, who are not aware of the crucial differences between the two, but I
have no way of knowing for sure. I have, in the past, always presumed that
most people did, in fact, understand the difference, but over the years I
have grown increasingly less confident that this is the case. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>WT</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>PS: I will comment separately on the B. tectorum
issue. You, Ty, are probably also aware that, rare though San Diego area
canyon biological associations are, the "mesa" ones are practically extinct
and no one seems to care. </FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=tyju@xmission.com href="mailto:tyju@xmission.com">Ty Harrison</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=landrest@cox.net
href="mailto:landrest@cox.net">Wayne Tyson</A> ; <A title=ialm@erols.com
href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">Marc Imlay</A> ; <A title=rlb14@cornell.edu
href="mailto:rlb14@cornell.edu">'Robert Layton Beyfuss'</A> ; <A
title=gino.graziano@alaska.gov
href="mailto:gino.graziano@alaska.gov">'Graziano, Gino A (DNR)'</A> ; <A
title=genafleming@gmail.com href="mailto:genafleming@gmail.com">'Gena
Fleming'</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A
title=apwg@lists.plantconservation.org
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Friday, July 29, 2011 3:51
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] Terminology still
unresolved? Re: Jewelweed</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Wayne et al.: I likewise comiserate with
those of us who see the value in regional native plant landscaping to avoid
the pitfalls of exotic landscape species escaping. I've seen the
native chaparral ravine flora of San Diego essentially destroyed, and am now
seeing the same thing happening in the native oak foothill vegetation along
the Wasatch Front here in Utah where I live. Unfortunately there
is evidence from the Bromus tectorum invasion here in the West, that these
invading species have evolved rapidly and genetically to become
adapted to the local climates. Apparently, like the poor, they will be
with us forever. Ty Harrison</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=landrest@cox.net href="mailto:landrest@cox.net">Wayne Tyson</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=ialm@erols.com
href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">Marc Imlay</A> ; <A title=rlb14@cornell.edu
href="mailto:rlb14@cornell.edu">'Robert Layton Beyfuss'</A> ; <A
title=gino.graziano@alaska.gov
href="mailto:gino.graziano@alaska.gov">'Graziano, Gino A (DNR)'</A> ; <A
title=genafleming@gmail.com href="mailto:genafleming@gmail.com">'Gena
Fleming'</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A
title=apwg@lists.plantconservation.org
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, July 28, 2011 9:39
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] Terminology still
unresolved? Re: Jewelweed</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Friends and cyberneighbors:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>One way of helping stem the perilous tide of
unwanted plant immigrants is to select those which cannot reproduce,
preferably on the continent, but certainly in the region to which it is
introduced. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Long have I labored in vain to convince
landscape architects that they should at least consider an indigenous
species first with respect to function (better adapted, therefore so easy
to grow that it needs no cultivation). But on the other hand, if an exotic
plant is to be introduced, let it be one so severely maladapted that it
cannot reproduce. At least avoid those which come from a similar
ecosystem, which are more likely to find local (or perhaps continental)
conditions so salubrious that they will run rampant, trampling out the
vintage and little children across this Great Land. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>WT</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=ialm@erols.com href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">Marc Imlay</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=rlb14@cornell.edu
href="mailto:rlb14@cornell.edu">'Robert Layton Beyfuss'</A> ; <A
title=gino.graziano@alaska.gov
href="mailto:gino.graziano@alaska.gov">'Graziano, Gino A (DNR)'</A> ; <A
title=genafleming@gmail.com href="mailto:genafleming@gmail.com">'Gena
Fleming'</A> ; <A title=landrest@cox.net
href="mailto:landrest@cox.net">'Wayne Tyson'</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A
title=apwg@lists.plantconservation.org
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, July 28, 2011 2:26
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> RE: [APWG] Terminology
still unresolved? Re: Jewelweed</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=625581909-28072011><FONT face=Arial
color=#0000ff><STRONG>Just a clarification. Not including exotic plants
in publicly funded projects should not increase tax dollars since there
are plenty of native plants that can be used.
Marc</STRONG></FONT></SPAN>
<HR tabIndex=-1>
<FONT face=Tahoma size=2><B>From:</B> <A
href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of
</B>Robert Layton Beyfuss<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, July 25, 2011 5:32
PM<BR><B>To:</B> Graziano, Gino A (DNR); Gena Fleming; Wayne
Tyson<BR><B>Cc:</B> <A
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><B>Subject:</B>
Re: [APWG] Terminology still unresolved? Re:
Jewelweed<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Hi
All<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">As
long as the term “invasive” is restricted to place of origin
as in the Presidential E.O. definition </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">“an
alien species* whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or
environmental harm or harm to human health.” </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: #4f81bd; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">and
requires an asterisk * to further define that cryptic term, many people
will equate exotic or alien with invasive and will make stupid decisions
based on that misunderstanding. Here in NY state we have executive
orders on several levels of state government banning all “exotic” plants
in publicly funded projects, not invasive exotic plants, but ALL exotic
plants. Currently there is a grant i.e. a publicly funded project
underway in parts of NY City to remove all exotic species in a
particular area that includes parts of Brooklyn and Manhattan,
regardless of their reproductive status or whether or not they are weeds
and replace them with native plants. This is a serious and needless
waste of my tax dollars and an infringement on my rights as a citizen to
enjoy plants that cause no harm but are condemned because of their
country of origin. We have state funded swat teams travelling around NY
now spraying herbicide on Giant Hogweed at a cost of 1 million $ with
zero chance of eradicating it or even seriously slowing its spread. I
would much rather see the money spent on studies that are trying to
understand why these plants are spreading but the money is there to kill
and not to understand why. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: #4f81bd; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">I
think most people on this list serve realize that the terms alien or
exotic mean from a different ecosystem than the one they are introduced
into and not just a different country but most laypeople will not. This
is the fundamental flaw of invasion biology as a science and what has
provoked backlash, as in the article in discussion.
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: #4f81bd; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Bob</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #4f81bd; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of
</B>Graziano, Gino A (DNR)<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, July 21, 2011 4:51
PM<BR><B>To:</B> Gena Fleming; Wayne Tyson<BR><B>Cc:</B>
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG]
Terminology still unresolved? Re:
Jewelweed<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Re: "I
presume that everyone has actually read the recent Davis, et al
paper?"</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black">I read the article, heard
him talk on Science Friday, and read the transcript of the
program. I found the article and interview to be timely, however
largely and disturbingly an incomplete account of how invasive species
managers are making decisions. First though, I will commend the
efforts of the authors because there are many individuals and land
managers that do not take the time to critically evaluate the best
available information and manage “invasive” species based on nativity
instead of real threat to resources. I also agree that a lot of
the language used to describe invasive species lends to public and land
manager bias to non-native species in general. Both of these
issues are real and are counterproductive to natural resource
management.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>As a state coordinator of invasive species management
in Alaska, I regularly discuss the need to focus on those few species
that are really problematic and not just any species based on nativity
alone. The concept of only a few problematic species is not new and was
brought up by Williams in his 1996 book “Biological Invasions” where he
presented the “Tens rule” (you all know that though). Focus on
true problems, is increasingly becoming the norm as many regions of the
world are developing invasiveness ranking systems that seek to clarify
which species are ecosystem changers and which are simply persistent in
habitats that we (humans) develop (e.g. roadsides, gravel pits, air
strips etc.). The ranking system Alaska uses is found at <A
href="http://aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu/botany/akepic/non-native-plant-species-biographies/">http://aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu/botany/akepic/non-native-plant-species-biographies/</A>.
No ranking alone is the guiding decision tool and the authors of
Alaska’s acknowledge that management/regulatory action still requires
more insight into economic, social and environmental interactions a
species has in an area.<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>So, I ask why are ranking systems not brought up in
the Davis article? If they don’t work, Davis and others should let
us all know. Why are ABC lists and their creation by boards with
review by the public not discussed? The comment paper, is an
opinion that needs to be fleshed out into a real peer reviewed, complete
and unbiased article that evaluates invasive species management, how
species are prioritized for management, and what efforts are a success,
failure or waste of time. All this should be in the context of the
human as well as environmental need to adapt to a changing world.
<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>I believe we still have a long way to go in achieving
the best management strategies across the board. With all due respect,
to criticize management efforts while ignoring attempts to improve
management is at best incompetent. <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>This is an important discussion that should continue
well beyond this listserve.<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Gino
Graziano, NRS<BR>Invasive Weeds and Agricultural Pest
Coordinator</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">DNR,
Division of Agriculture</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Plant
Materials Center</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">5310
S. Bodenburg Spur Road</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Palmer,
AK 99645</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">907-745-8127</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><BR><A
href="mailto:Gino.Graziano@Alaska.gov"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Gino.Graziano@Alaska.gov</SPAN></A><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><A
href="http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/ag/ag_pmc.htm">http://www.dnr.state.ak....us/ag/ag_pmc.htm</A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of
</B>Gena Fleming<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, July 20, 2011 7:07
PM<BR><B>To:</B> Wayne Tyson<BR><B>Cc:</B>
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG]
Terminology still unresolved? Re: Jewelweed<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><BR><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Hi
All:</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Re: "I
presume that everyone has actually read the recent Davis, et al
paper?"</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I don't
think a link has been posted..... just in case, this will take you to
it:</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><A
href="http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/news/pdf/061411_deltredici_nature.pdf">http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/news/pdf/061411_deltredici_nature.pdf</A> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">I'm really enjoying
this discussion. There is a lot of disinformation that can hide
behind outdated terminology. New terminology is a good idea.
But even still, one needs to stay on top of whatever terminology one is
are using, and think about what is really happening in any given
context.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">I can already hear
promoters of biotechnology grabbing the "Don't judge species on their
origins" mantra to defend genetically engineered species.
This would be unfortunate, because the preoccupation with "non-native"
exotics, I feel, is partially to blame for genetically egineered species
being, for the most part, ignored by conservationists. We
have all these databases cropping up that employ citizen scientists to
report location of "non-native" exotics. Meanwhile, genetically
engineered organisms are granted secret locations, and it is even
claimed that insertion of foreign DNA from a different genus doesn't
really change the species.....</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">This is also related
to microbiology being replaced by molecular biology..... and biology
being diverted by biotechnology.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">I hope we can soon
end this war agains nature and find a new consciousness to guide our
observation and interactions. As has already been said, this is
going to take good critical thinking skills because, of course, any
organism living in nature is transforming that environment,
"manipulating" it to a certain extent. But there needs to be a
more qualitative and nuanced understanding of what kind of
transformation we should be engaged in with our environment, one that is
mutually beneficial. That understanding will benefit from
terminology, but it will also need to be an ongoing exploratory process,
subject to open dialogue, criticism and review. Words, like
organisms, can mean one thing in one context, and quite another in a new
context.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">As for the current
definition of "invasive", I do not think any term should lump ecologic
impact with economic impact as a qualifying criteria. That's just
bad juju.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">It's late. Not
sure how convoluted this sounds, but that's my stream of consciousness
for now.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Anyway, I'm enjoying
reading the discussion ---- thanks</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">best,</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Gena</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>On 19 July 2011 18:14, Wayne Tyson <<A
href="mailto:landrest@cox.net">landrest@cox.net</A>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Dominic
Maze, friends, and APWG:</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Dominic, I
mostly agree with your observations, but here is what I was stimulated
to write (it's more than colloquial; it's a stream-of-consciousness
first draft, far from acceptable for publication).</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I do not
think that ecology is a "soft" doctrine as opposed to a <EM><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">science, </SPAN></EM>as I
consider the heart of science to be the asking of questions about Nature
or "reality." I do think those who call themselves "ecologists" worry
too much about "standing" and not enough about just getting on with the
work and damn the torpedoes, the slings and arrows of outrageous
petulance by the egocentric. While I might agree with His Pre-eminence’s
(Rutherford's) comment about botany as taxonomy to some degree (to the
extent that some "botanists" DO seem to limit themselves to pursuing
taxonomic glory more than understanding of Nature), but have no use
for sniffy remarks like his in all contexts (I don't know in what
context he made the remark, but it seems needlessly rude).
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">My private
position is "Screw the posturers!" Ignore such stuff. If one is
intimidated by physics, join the club (Einstein, Feynman). But courage
often consists of ignoring posturing (and Lordy knows we are surrounded
by such dick-heads.) Academia is drowning in Greek letters, algorithms,
and prissy, ill-founded jargon; what it needs, especially ecology, is to
drop the pretenses and the insecurities that give rise to them, and get
on with the work of understanding what makes Nature tick. Botany is a
helluva lot more than taxonomy. Arguing from authority is a
not-well-enough-known logical fallacy, and too much discussion is
colored with such divergent manipulation. </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I didn't
even know what "ecology" meant when I started college in 1956, but I had
the good fortune to have Lee Haines as a professor; Haines was a true
man for all disciplines, and he taught botany and ecology together,
along with other disciplines as needed. I still use his first lesson
every day--he placed two Petri dishes before us, one with some muck and
a planarian, the other with agar and a bacterial culture, some
pipettes, saline solution, and some pennicilium mold. He taught is how
to key out plants, yes, but he also taught us life zones, succession,
and other useful knowledge. But most of all, he taught us how to think
(now known as "critical thinking"). We camped out a lot, and sang around
the campfire. Later professors had a high standard to live up to, as did
we students. </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I did turn
to the Executive Order on Invasive Species, and I thought it to be more
political bunk than science. It specifically excluded humans and their
livestock and crops. Science requires honesty and that is simply
dishonesty. There would be no “invasive species” problem if it weren’t
for those exclusions. That’s an outrage. </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I quite
agree with Maze that terms like “ruderal” and “healthy” need to be
clarified or eliminated, but someone has to come up with something
better, preferably a family of related terms that do not contradict each
other. I’m not so confident that “new terms will inevitably arise.” I
fear that the confusion will multiply as egocentricity continues to
reign, covering its doubtful tracks with obfuscation and
pseudo-intellectual fog. </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I wasn’t
referring to <I>Impatiens capensis</I>; I meant to call for clarity of
communication, however, far beyond “peers.” (I do, however, thank
Vanderploeg for stimulating my question.) A major problem with the
anti-science, anti-intellectual fever in this country can be laid at the
feet of the academic “peerage.” Recent analysis of the Declaration of
Independence has revealed that Jefferson erased “subjects” and wrote
over it “citizens.” Unless there’s a good reason to do so, terminology
should not be reduced to academic jargon—it drives away the curious, the
amateur, yes, even the dilettante. These should be embraced, not
shunned. Just what do truly superior intellects have to fear from
the rabble--that they will climb up the ivy? And they should know
what the hell we’re talking about in “colloquial” terms if possible,
presuming clarity. But at least "we" should know,
eh? </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I look
forward to the definition of terms that can be widely accepted
as the standard for both colloquial (maybe a glossary?) and
scientifically acceptable terms. (And oh, while you're about it, how
about a new term for "brush?") </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">WT</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">PS: I
presume that everyone has actually read the recent Davis, et al paper?
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">“I have
sworn eternal vigilance over every form of tyranny over the mind of
man.” –Thomas Jefferson</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">“The only
thing that interferes with my learning is my education.” –Albert
Einstein</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">“The
suspension of judgment is the highest exercise in intellectual
discipline.” –Raymond Gilmore</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 5pt 0in 5pt 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">-----
Original Message ----- </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><A
title=Dominic.Maze@portlandoregon.gov
href="mailto:Dominic.Maze@portlandoregon.gov" target=_blank><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Maze, Dominic</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">To:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><A
title=jrandall@email.unc.edu href="mailto:jrandall@email.unc.edu"
target=_blank><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">'Randall, John
L'</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> ;
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><A
title=landrest@cox.net href="mailto:landrest@cox.net"
target=_blank><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Wayne
Tyson</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> ;
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><A
title=wvanderploeg@ameritech.net
href="mailto:wvanderploeg@ameritech.net" target=_blank><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Wayne Vanderploeg</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> ;
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><A
title=katie@westernwatersheds.org
href="mailto:katie@westernwatersheds.org" target=_blank><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Katie Fite</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> ;
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><A
title=apwg@lists.plantconservation.org
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org" target=_blank><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Sent:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> Tuesday,
July 19, 2011 2:11 PM</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Subject:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> RE:
[APWG] Terminology still unresolved? Re: Jewelweed</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I
couldn’t agree more, Mr. Tyson, on the importance of using proper (and
well-defined) terminology in any sub-discipline of ecology. After all,
ecology itself has often been considered the “soft” doctrine of the
biological sciences, and any clarification and standardization of
terminology is welcome and necessary to furthering effective research,
communication, and “conservation” (and increasing the relative
standing of ecology as a discipline). When considering ecology’s
standing as a science, I am often reminded of the pre-eminent
physicist, Sir Ernest Rutherford’s dismissive comment of turn of the
(last)-century botany (and I paraphrase), “Botany is fine; it is about
as difficult a science as stamp-collecting.”
[ouch!]</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
I too, turn to the definition of invasive species posted below and
often point out that a species which escapes at a constricted scale
and doesn’t persist in the environment (displays low population
fitness) is not (to me) “invasive” (and I am reluctant to use term
even though it is part of my job title!). However, at what temporal
and spatial scales do we arbitrarily choose to demarcate as a
threshold for “invasive” or not? Defining populations as “r” or
“K” were once valuable in the budding discipline of population biology
and ecology; and while still taught in Universities, these have
similar limitations; just as the once useful definitions “apex” or
“healthy” (or even trying to fit population dynamics to a
Lotka-Voltera” model) do. These limitations create problems such
as your (common) distinction between “ruderal” and “healthy” (does
this mean that all “ruderal” systems are “unhealthy”?). As a
result, these terms and approaches fall from favor and the supporting
concepts evolve to better describe the wide range of dynamics we
observe and record. New terms will inevitably
arise.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">As
to <I>Impatiens capensis</I>: I’m not sure if your last two
sentences, “It appears that some believe there is no distinction. I
would appreciate any correction, definitions, or suggestions that will
bring discipline to communication about these subjects.” refers to the
present discussion about this species. If it does, I would
suggest reading the excellent Zika papers below. If it doesn’t,
and speaks to the larger issue of communication among peers, then
perhaps the lack of distinction stems from colloquial discussions such
as this one. Either way, your point is a very important one that bears
consideration and we would all be wise to retain
it.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Cheers,</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Dominic
Maze</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">
| </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Invasive
Species Coordinator </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">City
of Portland Environmental Services</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">1120
SW 5th Avenue, Room 1000</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Portland,
Oregon 97204</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">p:
(503) 823-4899</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">f:
(503) 823-5344</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><A
href="mailto:dominic.maze@portlandoregon.gov"
target=_blank>dominic.maze@portlandoregon..gov</A></SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=2>
</DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'"> Randall,
John L [mailto:<A href="mailto:jrandall@email.unc.edu"
target=_blank>jrandall@email.unc.edu</A>] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday,
July 19, 2011 12:22 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Wayne Tyson; Wayne Vanderploeg;
Maze, Dominic; Katie Fite; <A
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><B>Subject:</B>
RE: [APWG] Terminology still unresolved? Re:
Jewelweed</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">I
always turn to the Executive Order on Invasive Species for my
“invasive species” definition, which is: “an alien species* whose
introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm
or harm to human health.” As for those plant species that
occur/specialize in disturbed areas – I generally call these either
native or alien weeds. </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">(*”Alien
species" means, with respect to a particular ecosystem, any species,
including its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material
capable of propagating that species, that is not native to that
ecosystem.) </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Johnny
Randall</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'"> <A
href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A> [mailto:<A
href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A>] <B>On
Behalf Of </B>Wayne Tyson<BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, July 19, 2011 2:37
PM<BR><B>To:</B> Wayne Vanderploeg; Maze, Dominic; Katie Fite; <A
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><B>Subject:</B>
[APWG] Terminology still unresolved? Re:
Jewelweed</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Hello
all,</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Is there
anyone who acknowledges (or would it be simpler to say "does not
acknowledge") that there is at least a
phenomenological difference between "alien" species that are
largely restricted to disturbed sites and those which "invade" healthy
ecosystems? </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I realize
that some of the terminology used here is debatable too, and such
discussion are worth having, but it would appear, if "invasion
ecology" is to be taken seriously as a sub-discipline of ecology, that
clarity of terminology is vital to clear communication. Time was,
colonization referred to any movement of an organism into a "new"
location, plants (what about animals?) that were restricted to
disturbed areas were termed "ruderal," and "alien" organisms that
colonized healthy/undisturbed ecosystems were called "invasive."
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">It
appears that some believe there is no distinction. I would appreciate
any correction, definitions, or suggestions that will bring discipline
to communication about these subjects. </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">WT</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 3pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 5pt 0in 5pt 3pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">-----
Original Message ----- </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <A
title=wvanderploeg@ameritech.net
href="mailto:wvanderploeg@ameritech.net" target=_blank>Wayne
Vanderploeg</A> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">To:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <A
title=Dominic.Maze@portlandoregon.gov
href="mailto:Dominic.Maze@portlandoregon.gov" target=_blank>Maze,
Dominic</A> ; <A title=katie@westernwatersheds.org
href="mailto:katie@westernwatersheds.org" target=_blank>Katie
Fite</A> ; <A title=apwg@lists.plantconservation.org
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Sent:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> Tuesday,
July 19, 2011 10:24 AM</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Subject:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> Re:
[APWG] Jewelweed</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Hello All, <BR><BR>I don't usually make
comment to this group....I generally browse this list to see what
new issues are popping up. As a
biologist/ecologist/naturalist/land manager for 31 years in the
Chicago area with the Forest Preserve District of Cook County, I
have seen this plant come and go. Deer do browse it heavily
and tend to prefer it over most other plants. It does well in
disturbed areas where the soil is rich, moist and semi shaded.
I have always viewed it as sensitive plant that is easily displaced
by weeds and never thought of it as a problem plant in the Chicago
area. The fact that it is spreading prolifically in other
areas where it typically does not occur could be a symptom of a
bigger problem. I would expect it to disappear when those
problems are discovered and solved. <BR><BR>Wayne
Vanderploeg</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=1>
</SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'"> "Maze,
Dominic" <<A href="mailto:Dominic.Maze@portlandoregon.gov"
target=_blank>Dominic.Maze@portlandoregon.gov</A>><BR><B>To:</B>
Katie Fite <<A href="mailto:katie@westernwatersheds.org"
target=_blank>katie@westernwatersheds.org</A>>; "<A
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>" <<A
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>><BR><B>Sent:</B>
Tue, July 19, 2011 11:42:18 AM<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG]
Jewelweed</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Hi
Katie et alia,</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
<I>Impatiens capensis</I> is, in my experience, a problematic
species here west of the Cascade Range in the Pacific NW. The
densities of this sp. are pretty amazing with the understory of
riparian corridors often dominated by it. I’ve been seeing
more and more of it in the Willamette Valley and surrounding ranges
here in Oregon with seemingly little attention paid to
it.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
Interestingly, some land managers still consider this species native
here on the West Coast, probably due to confusion with our native,
<I>I. ecalcarata</I> in some older floras and field guides. Ed
Alverson of TNC wrote a short comment in reply to a posting on <I>I.
capensis</I> at the Botany Photo of the Day
website:</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'">“Impatiens
capensis is an introduced and invasive species in the Pacific
Northwest , west of the Cascades. Peter Zika addressed this issue in
a 2006 paper, "The status of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae) on
the<BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'">Pacific
Northwest coast", published in the Journal of the Torrey Botanical
Club, vol. 133 pp. 593-600. In fact, I. capensis is spreading into
the habitats of the uncommon native I. ecalcarata west of the
Cascades, and the two species are hybridizing. This has created a
situation where the native species is potentially being out-competed
by both the introduced species and by their hybrids. Zika has
published another paper on the hybrid, which he has named Impatiens
x pacifica , see "Impatiens x pacifica (Balsaminaceae), a New Hybrid
jewelweed from the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America", Novon
vol. 16, pp. 443-448, 2006.”</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Add
this spp. to <I>I. glandulifera</I> (a big problem) and <I>I.
balfourii</I> (an escaping species which may be a problem in the
future), and we’ve got our hands full out here with the
touch-me-nots.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Dominic
Maze</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">
| </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Invasive
Species Coordinator </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">City
of Portland Environmental Services</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">1120
SW 5th Avenue, Room 1000</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Portland,
Oregon 97204</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">p:
(503) 823-4899</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">f:
(503) 823-5344</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><A
href="mailto:dominic.maze@portlandoregon.gov"
target=_blank>dominic.maze@portlandoregon.gov</A></SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=2>
</DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'"> <A
href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
[mailto:<A href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</A>] <B>On
Behalf Of </B>Katie Fite<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, July 18, 2011 5:46
PM<BR><B>To:</B> <A href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><B>Subject:</B>
[APWG] Jewelweed</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Has
anyone had any experience with jewelweed (Impatiens) native to the
eastern U. S. becoming weedy in valley marsh habitats in the
intermountain West? <BR><BR>I see that jewelweed <I>Impatiens
capensis</I> (orange jewelweed) is listed as a King County
(WA) “Weed of Concern”. <BR><BR>This species is shown as
having a yellow flowered form, which is what we are
seeing.<BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><A
href="http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsAndPlants/noxious-weeds/laws/list.aspx"
target=_blank><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsAndPlants/noxious-weeds/laws/list.aspx</SPAN></A><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Katie
Fite<BR>Western Watersheds Project<BR><A
href="mailto:katie@westernwatersheds.org"
target=_blank>katie@westernwatersheds.org</A><BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=3>
</DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">_______________________________________________<BR>PCA's
Alien Plant Working Group mailing list<BR><A
href="mailto:APWG@lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>APWG@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><A
href="http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><BR>Disclaimer<BR>Any
requests, advice or opinions posted to this list reflect ONLY the
opinion of the individual posting the message.
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=3>
</DIV>
<P>No virus found in this message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A
href="http://www.avg.com/" target=_blank>www.avg.com</A><BR>Version:
10.0.1390 / Virus Database: 1518/3774 - Release Date:
07/19/11<o:p></o:p></P></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>
<HR style="COLOR: #aca899" align=center width="100%" noShade SIZE=1>
</DIV>
<P>No virus found in this message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A
href="http://www.avg.com/" target=_blank>www.avg.com</A><BR>Version:
10.0.1390 / Virus Database: 1518/3774 - Release Date:
07/19/11<o:p></o:p></P></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P
class=MsoNormal><BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>PCA's
Alien Plant Working Group mailing list<BR><A
href="mailto:APWG@lists.plantconservation.org">APWG@lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><A
href="http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org"
target=_blank>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org</A><BR><BR>Disclaimer<BR>Any
requests, advice or opinions posted to this list reflect ONLY the
opinion of the individual posting the message.<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P></DIV>
<HR noShade SIZE=1>
<A></A>
<P class=avgcert align=left color="#000000">No virus found in this
message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A
href="http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: 10.0.1390 / Virus
Database: 1518/3791 - Release Date: 07/27/11</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<HR>
<P></P><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>PCA's Alien
Plant Working Group mailing
list<BR>APWG@lists.plantconservation.org<BR>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org<BR><BR>Disclaimer<BR>Any
requests, advice or opinions posted to this list reflect ONLY the opinion
of the individual posting the message.
<P>
<HR>
<P></P><A></A>
<P class=avgcert align=left color="#000000">No virus found in this
message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A
href="http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: 10.0.1390 / Virus
Database: 1518/3796 - Release Date: 07/29/11</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR noShade SIZE=1>
<A></A>
<P class=avgcert align=left color="#000000">No virus found in this
message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A
href="http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: 10.0.1390 / Virus
Database: 1518/3796 - Release Date: 07/29/11</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR noShade SIZE=1>
<A></A>
<P class=avgcert align=left color="#000000">No virus found in this
message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A
href="http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: 10.0.1390 / Virus
Database: 1518/3798 - Release Date: 07/30/11</P></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>