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<title>Jewelweed</title>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Katie, are you sure of the species? There are Impatiens species
similar to I. capensis with yellow and orange flowers that are native to the
western US. I’m not very familiar with the ones not found out here on
the coast, but Peter Zika’s article on the new hybrid (referenced in
Dominic’s email below) has a good key to Impatiens in the Pacific
Northwest. Look especially at I. parviflora and I. aurella as well as I.
ecalcarata that Dominic mentions below. We also had confusion here with a
yellow flowered species called I. noli tangere, which I believe is just found on
the northwest coast of the US and Canada. When we were trying to
determine what species we had here in western WA, I felt fortunate that we
weren’t east of the Cascades, because it gets more confusing over there
with more native Impatiens with orange and yellow flowers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I’ve been following the discussion and research about I.
capensis with interest. In King County, WA we list it as a Weed of
Concern because it does invade pretty pristine areas that otherwise mostly have
native species and because it does at times grow very densely and could perhaps
impact other riparian herbaceous species. It also certainly takes
advantage of disturbance and openings quite easily and quickly and seems to
persist and become more abundant over time. Also, Peter Zika’s research
found that it apparently is attracting pollinators away from our much less
common native I. ecalcarata (spurless jewelweed) which has less nectar. Both
the new hybrid and I. capensis have more nectar and attract more pollinators.
This means the seed set of the native I. ecalcarata is reduced. He found
that the range of the I. ecalcarata is declining and I. capensis and the hybrid
are increasing, perhaps due to this issue or to being less competitive. This
seems reason enough to call I. capensis a problem on the west coast. However,
it is not nearly as bad a problem here as I. glandulifera, which is much more
aggressive and dominates sites much more. I’m not sure if it makes
sense to chase down I. capensis everywhere, but probably it should be prevented
from spreading more into our more remote areas where it is starting to encroach.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>One caution about removing I. capensis in our region (the
Pacific Northwest) is that it can’t be safely distinguished from I.
ecalcarata and the hybrid until it is in flower. Generally speaking the
I. ecalcarata flowers are orange, don’t have spurs and don’t have
any spotting. I. capensis and the hybrids all have either spurs, spots,
or both. Again, I would refer folks to the Zika articles for more info
and an accurate key.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Also, as a comment on other posts on this plant, I agree that it
is important to distinguish between mostly ruderal or opportunistic non-native plant
species (weeds) and those non-natives that are truly invasive and able to escape
into and thrive in ecosystems in their new location at the expense of the
species that are native to that ecosystem (invasive weeds or invasive plants).
It’s not always easy and there is certainly a lot of overlap between the
groups, but we do need to prioritize so we can focus on the species that could
cause the most harm if they were ignored. That said, it’s not
always obvious which species are going to cross that line to becoming invasive
instead of just opportunistic.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Most introduced species start showing their weediness in disturbed
areas first and we want to act quickly before new invaders get entrenched, so
when do we know for sure how much harm a species could cause (but before it has
done that harm and it’s too late to stop it)? How do we act early
enough to be effective, but not over-react to all non-native plants? In
our county, we look for introduced plants that have shown up where they were
not planted and that have reproduced successfully and are thriving, apparently
at the expense of native plants. At that point, it seems to me it would
be wise to take action to stop its spread.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:green'><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:green'>Sasha Shaw</span></b><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:green'>King County Noxious Weed Control Program</span><span
style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:green'>201 S. Jackson St., Suite 600</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:green'>Seattle WA 98104</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:green'>206-263-6468</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><a
href="mailto:sasha.shaw@kingcounty.gov"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:green'>sasha.shaw@kingcounty.gov</span></a></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:green'> </span><span
style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><a
href="http://www.kingcounty.gov/weeds"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:green'>www.kingcounty.gov/weeds</span></a></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:green'> </span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Maze,
Dominic<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 19, 2011 8:42 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Katie Fite'; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [APWG] Jewelweed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>Hi Katie et alia,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'> <i>Impatiens capensis</i> is, in my experience, a
problematic species here west of the Cascade Range in the Pacific NW. The
densities of this sp. are pretty amazing with the understory of riparian
corridors often dominated by it. I’ve been seeing more and more of
it in the Willamette Valley and surrounding ranges here in Oregon with
seemingly little attention paid to it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'> Interestingly, some land managers still consider this
species native here on the West Coast, probably due to confusion with our
native, <i>I. ecalcarata</i> in some older floras and field guides. Ed
Alverson of TNC wrote a short comment in reply to a posting on <i>I. capensis</i>
at the Botany Photo of the Day website:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><span style='font-family:"Arial Narrow","sans-serif";
color:#333333'>“Impatiens capensis is an introduced and invasive species
in the Pacific Northwest, west of the Cascades. Peter Zika addressed this issue
in a 2006 paper, "The status of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae) on the</span></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial Narrow","sans-serif";color:#333333'><br>
<span class=apple-style-span>Pacific Northwest coast", published in the Journal
of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. 133 pp. 593-600. In fact, I. capensis is
spreading into the habitats of the uncommon native I. ecalcarata west of the
Cascades, and the two species are hybridizing. This has created a situation
where the native species is potentially being out-competed by both the
introduced species and by their hybrids. Zika has published another paper on
the hybrid, which he has named Impatiens x pacifica, see "Impatiens x
pacifica (Balsaminaceae), a New Hybrid jewelweed from the Pacific Northwest
Coast of North America", Novon vol. 16, pp. 443-448, 2006.</span>”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>Add this spp. to <i>I. glandulifera</i> (a big problem) and <i>I.
balfourii</i> (an escaping species which may be a problem in the future), and
we’ve got our hands full out here with the touch-me-nots.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:green'>Dominic Maze</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:green'> | </span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>Invasive
Species Coordinator </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>City of </span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'><ns1:place><ns1:City><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Portland</span></ns1:City></ns1:place></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>
Environmental Services<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><ns1:Street><ns1:address><span
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>1120 SW 5th Avenue</span></ns1:address></ns1:Street></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>, Room
1000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><ns1:place><ns1:City><span
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>Portland</span></ns1:City><span
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>, </span><ns1:State><span
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>Oregon</span></ns1:State><span
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'> </span><ns1:PostalCode><span
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>97204</span></ns1:PostalCode></ns1:place></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>p: (503) 823-4899<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'>f: (503) 823-5344</span><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:gray'><a
href="mailto:dominic.maze@portlandoregon.gov">dominic.maze@portlandoregon.gov</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Katie
Fite<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, July 18, 2011 5:46 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [APWG] Jewelweed</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>
Has anyone had any experience with jewelweed (Impatiens) native to the eastern
U. S. becoming weedy in valley marsh habitats in the intermountain West? <br>
<br>
I see that jewelweed <i>Impatiens capensis</i> (orange jewelweed) is listed as
a King County (WA) “Weed of Concern”. <br>
<br>
This species is shown as having a yellow flowered form, which is what we are
seeing.<br>
<br>
<a
href="http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsAndPlants/noxious-weeds/laws/list.aspx">http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsAndPlants/noxious-weeds/laws/list.aspx</a><br>
<br>
Katie Fite<br>
Western Watersheds Project<br>
<a href="katie@westernwatersheds.org">katie@westernwatersheds.org</a><br>
<br>
</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
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