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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=4>All:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=4></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial size=4>Shaw
makes some excellent points, but just one additional caution, if I may, with
respect to “management.” Many if not most “control” and “eradication” efforts,
while perhaps viscerally satisfying (“Ding-dong, the witch is dead!”), do more
damage than good. For example, I have seen “treated” areas grow more, not less
weedy, following such measures. Glyphosate can be particularly damaging to
emerging plants, unseen by the “certified” pest-controllers. Cryptogamic species
are particularly susceptible to tiny, unseen aerosols; ironically, it is just
such species which help to prevent the seed of some invasive species from
germinating, while leaving them exposed to granivores and pathogens. Messing
with Mother Nature is a lot more complicated than many presume. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face=Arial
size=4> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=4>WT</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face=Arial
size=4> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=4>“Nine-tenths of the hell being raised in the world is well-intentioned.”
–Anon.</FONT></P></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=Sasha.Shaw@kingcounty.gov
href="mailto:Sasha.Shaw@kingcounty.gov">Shaw, Sasha</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=Dominic.Maze@portlandoregon.gov
href="mailto:Dominic.Maze@portlandoregon.gov">'Maze, Dominic'</A> ; <A
title=katie@westernwatersheds.org
href="mailto:katie@westernwatersheds.org">'Katie Fite'</A> ; <A
title=apwg@lists.plantconservation.org
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, July 19, 2011 1:48
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] Jewelweed</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Katie,
are you sure of the species? There are Impatiens species similar to I.
capensis with yellow and orange flowers that are native to the western
US. I’m not very familiar with the ones not found out here on the coast,
but Peter Zika’s article on the new hybrid (referenced in Dominic’s email
below) has a good key to Impatiens in the Pacific Northwest. Look
especially at I. parviflora and I. aurella as well as I. ecalcarata that
Dominic mentions below. We also had confusion here with a yellow
flowered species called I. noli tangere, which I believe is just found on the
northwest coast of the US and Canada. When we were trying to determine
what species we had here in western WA, I felt fortunate that we weren’t east
of the Cascades, because it gets more confusing over there with more native
Impatiens with orange and yellow flowers. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">I’ve
been following the discussion and research about I. capensis with
interest. In King County, WA we list it as a Weed of Concern because it
does invade pretty pristine areas that otherwise mostly have native species
and because it does at times grow very densely and could perhaps impact other
riparian herbaceous species. It also certainly takes advantage of
disturbance and openings quite easily and quickly and seems to persist and
become more abundant over time. Also, Peter Zika’s research found that
it apparently is attracting pollinators away from our much less common native
I. ecalcarata (spurless jewelweed) which has less nectar. Both the new
hybrid and I. capensis have more nectar and attract more pollinators.
This means the seed set of the native I. ecalcarata is reduced. He found
that the range of the I. ecalcarata is declining and I. capensis and the
hybrid are increasing, perhaps due to this issue or to being less
competitive. This seems reason enough to call I. capensis a problem on
the west coast. However, it is not nearly as bad a problem here as I.
glandulifera, which is much more aggressive and dominates sites much
more. I’m not sure if it makes sense to chase down I. capensis
everywhere, but probably it should be prevented from spreading more into our
more remote areas where it is starting to encroach.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">One
caution about removing I. capensis in our region (the Pacific Northwest) is
that it can’t be safely distinguished from I. ecalcarata and the hybrid until
it is in flower. Generally speaking the I. ecalcarata flowers are
orange, don’t have spurs and don’t have any spotting. I. capensis and
the hybrids all have either spurs, spots, or both. Again, I would refer
folks to the Zika articles for more info and an accurate
key.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Also,
as a comment on other posts on this plant, I agree that it is important to
distinguish between mostly ruderal or opportunistic non-native plant species
(weeds) and those non-natives that are truly invasive and able to escape into
and thrive in ecosystems in their new location at the expense of the species
that are native to that ecosystem (invasive weeds or invasive plants).
It’s not always easy and there is certainly a lot of overlap between the
groups, but we do need to prioritize so we can focus on the species that could
cause the most harm if they were ignored. That said, it’s not always
obvious which species are going to cross that line to becoming invasive
instead of just opportunistic.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Most
introduced species start showing their weediness in disturbed areas first and
we want to act quickly before new invaders get entrenched, so when do we know
for sure how much harm a species could cause (but before it has done that harm
and it’s too late to stop it)? How do we act early enough to be
effective, but not over-react to all non-native plants? In our county,
we look for introduced plants that have shown up where they were not planted
and that have reproduced successfully and are thriving, apparently at the
expense of native plants. At that point, it seems to me it would be wise
to take action to stop its spread.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Sasha
Shaw</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">King
County Noxious Weed Control Program</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">201
S. Jackson St., Suite 600</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Seattle
WA 98104</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">206-263-6468</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><A
href="mailto:sasha.shaw@kingcounty.gov"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">sasha.shaw@kingcounty.gov</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><A
href="http://www.kingcounty.gov/weeds"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">www.kingcounty.gov/weeds</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Maze,
Dominic<BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, July 19, 2011 8:42 AM<BR><B>To:</B> 'Katie
Fite'; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG]
Jewelweed<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Hi
Katie et alia,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
<I>Impatiens capensis</I> is, in my experience, a problematic species here
west of the Cascade Range in the Pacific NW. The densities of this sp.
are pretty amazing with the understory of riparian corridors often dominated
by it. I’ve been seeing more and more of it in the Willamette Valley and
surrounding ranges here in Oregon with seemingly little attention paid to
it.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
Interestingly, some land managers still consider this species native here on
the West Coast, probably due to confusion with our native, <I>I.
ecalcarata</I> in some older floras and field guides. Ed Alverson of TNC
wrote a short comment in reply to a posting on <I>I. capensis</I> at the
Botany Photo of the Day website:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN class=apple-style-span><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'">“Impatiens
capensis is an introduced and invasive species in the Pacific Northwest, west
of the Cascades. Peter Zika addressed this issue in a 2006 paper, "The status
of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae) on the</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'"><BR><SPAN
class=apple-style-span>Pacific Northwest coast", published in the Journal of
the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. 133 pp. 593-600. In fact, I. capensis is
spreading into the habitats of the uncommon native I. ecalcarata west of the
Cascades, and the two species are hybridizing. This has created a situation
where the native species is potentially being out-competed by both the
introduced species and by their hybrids. Zika has published another paper on
the hybrid, which he has named Impatiens x pacifica, see "Impatiens x pacifica
(Balsaminaceae), a New Hybrid jewelweed from the Pacific Northwest Coast of
North America", Novon vol. 16, pp. 443-448,
2006.</SPAN>”<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN class=apple-style-span><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Add
this spp. to <I>I. glandulifera</I> (a big problem) and <I>I. balfourii</I>
(an escaping species which may be a problem in the future), and we’ve got our
hands full out here with the touch-me-nots.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Dominic
Maze</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"> |
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Invasive
Species Coordinator </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">City
of </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><ns1:place><ns1:City><SPAN
style="COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Portland</SPAN></ns1:City></ns1:place></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">
Environmental Services<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><ns1:Street><ns1:address><SPAN
style="COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">1120 SW 5th
Avenue</SPAN></ns1:address></ns1:Street></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">,
Room 1000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><ns1:place><ns1:City><SPAN
style="COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Portland</SPAN></ns1:City><SPAN
style="COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">,
</SPAN><ns1:State><SPAN
style="COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Oregon</SPAN></ns1:State><SPAN
style="COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">
</SPAN><ns1:PostalCode><SPAN
style="COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">97204</SPAN></ns1:PostalCode></ns1:place></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">p:
(503) 823-4899<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">f:
(503) 823-5344</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><A
href="mailto:dominic.maze@portlandoregon.gov">dominic.maze@portlandoregon.gov</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=2>
</DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Katie
Fite<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, July 18, 2011 5:46 PM<BR><B>To:</B>
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [APWG]
Jewelweed</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><BR>Has anyone
had any experience with jewelweed (Impatiens) native to the eastern U. S.
becoming weedy in valley marsh habitats in the intermountain West? <BR><BR>I
see that jewelweed <I>Impatiens capensis</I> (orange jewelweed) is listed as a
King County (WA) “Weed of Concern”. <BR><BR>This species is shown as
having a yellow flowered form, which is what we are seeing.<BR><BR><A
href="http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsAndPlants/noxious-weeds/laws/list.aspx">http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsAndPlants/noxious-weeds/laws/list.aspx</A><BR><BR>Katie
Fite<BR>Western Watersheds Project<BR><A
href="katie@westernwatersheds.org">katie@westernwatersheds.org</A><BR><BR> </SPAN>
<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P>
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