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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Here’s the journal article : <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/10/04/1008362107.full.pdf+html">http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/10/04/1008362107.full.pdf+html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I heard him give a talk on the subject. Seemed logical.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Valerie Vartanian<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'> apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org [mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Marc Imlay<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, June 02, 2011 4:29 AM<br><b>To:</b> APWG@lists.plantconservation.org; ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com<br><b>Subject:</b> [APWG] Lyme and invasives?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Responses for Holly are welcome.</span></strong><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Conservation biologist</span></strong><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Park Ranger Office (301) 442-5657 cell </span></strong></span></b><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p><p class=MsoAutoSig><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Natural and Historical Resources Division</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoAutoSig><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission</span><o:p></o:p></b></p><p class=MsoAutoSig><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.pgparks.com/">www.pgparks.com</a></span><o:p></o:p></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> </span><o:p></o:p></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>From: Holliday Wagner [mailto:hbwagner@verizon.net] </span></strong><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sent: Wednesday, June 01, 2011 5:04 PM</span></strong><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To: Imlay, Marc</span></strong><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Subject: Re: FW: Re Lyme and invasives?<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></b></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>I wonder what the causative relationship is between bush honeysuckle, japanese barberry and ticks/lyme disease.</span></strong><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Is it because animals carrying ticks like the dense, protective cover?</span></strong><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Is it because there is higher humidity inside the canopy of these shrubs that enable the ticks to survive drought periods?</span></strong><br><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>On 6/1/2011 6:32 AM, Imlay, Marc wrote: <o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Marc Imlay [<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">mailto:ialm@erols.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, May 29, 2011 6:50 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'Nevin S. Dawson'<br><b>Cc:</b> Imlay, Marc<br><b>Subject:</b> FW: Re Lyme and invasives?</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Hi </span></strong><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><strong><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Nevin,</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Here are two non-native invasive plants we are removing to reduce the risk of Lyne Disease. Cheers.</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Marc</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.25in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Nevin S. Dawson [<a href="mailto:ndawson@umd.edu">mailto:ndawson@umd.edu</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, May 27, 2011 10:07 AM<br><b>To:</b> Marc Imlay (<a href="mailto:ialm@EROLS.COM">ialm@EROLS.COM</a>)<br><b>Subject:</b> tick/lyme/deer</span><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>Hi Marc, it was good to meet you yesterday. I’d appreciate any info you could send me on the relationship between invasive species and/or deer populations and Lyme disease.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>Thanks!</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>Nevin</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Courier New"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> ▲ </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>Nevin Dawson</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> ▲▲▲ </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'><a href="http://www.naturalresources.umd.edu/"><span style='color:#0070C0'>Forest Stewardship Educator</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> ▲▲▲▲▲ </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'><a href="http://agresearch.umd.edu/RECs/WREC/index.cfm"><span style='color:#0070C0'>Wye Research and Education Center</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> ▀ </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'><a href="http://www.umd.edu/">University of Maryland</a> <a href="http://extension.umd.edu/"><span style='color:#0070C0'>Extension</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#0070C0'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>410-827-8056 ext. 125</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>PO Box 169</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>124 Wye Narrows Rd.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>Queenstown, MD 21658</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.25in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Imlay, Marc [<a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com">mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, May 11, 2011 6:35 AM<br><b>To:</b> Marc Imlay; <a href="mailto:rf_chapman@yahoo.com">rf_chapman@yahoo.com</a>; Kyde, Kerrie L.; Bruce Kirk; Bruce Kirk; Moffat, Bill; Jorge Bogantes Montero; Colleen Aistis; Patterson, Nicole; McNeil, Paula; Rohde, Carla; Lowe, Kyle; Jacob, Stephanie; Lewis, Greg; Kearns, Greg; Bethel, Shannon; Dillon, John; Garrett, Chris; <a href="mailto:antonia.bookbinder@gmail.com">antonia.bookbinder@gmail.com</a>; Patterson, Michael; a b; Holden, Rachel; Jordan, Glenda; Marshall, Karen; Miller, Becka; Teyssier, Andrea; Wisotzkey, Beth; Abellera, Jon Paolo B.; Sweet, Benjamin; Brown, Tanya; DMills; Goldberg, Amanda; Lee, Jill; Mills, Devin; Sheila Salo; Marian Dombroski; Urdaneta, Sarah; Baden, Thomas; Westby, Brooke; <a href="mailto:Jil_Swearingen@nps.gov">Jil_Swearingen@nps.gov</a>; Warren Steiner; Matt Salo; Nolan, Anthony; Rohde, Carla; McNeil, Paula; <a href="mailto:scarroll@rhsmith.umd.edu">scarroll@rhsmith.umd.edu</a>; <a href="mailto:jlrobinson720@yahoo.com">jlrobinson720@yahoo.com</a>; <a href="mailto:alanh47gm@gmail.com">alanh47gm@gmail.com</a>; <a href="mailto:alanh47@comcast.net">alanh47@comcast.net</a>; <a href="mailto:beckyh12@comcast.net">beckyh12@comcast.net</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Japanese Barberry control Update</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>HI Naturalists,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Now is a good time to update our Japanese Barberry control. Please edit this draft status report and let’s go get the Japanese barberry. Thanks everyone. </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>There is an 8.8 times increased risk of lyme disease in Jpanese Barberry dominated areas. Jeff Ward reported at the MA-EPPC conference in August 2007 that ticks doubled in Connecticut where Japanese Barberry was present. A year later “The Connecticut researchers found that questing adult ticks were most abundant in areas dominated by Japanese barberry, and that about 44% of the ticks found in barberry were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, -- the spirochete causative agent of human Lyme disease. However, only 10% of the less abundant ticks from non-barberry areas were infected. These findings suggest a great probability of humans becoming infected with Lyme disease in barberry dominated areas.” Thus, there is an 8.8 times greater risk in Japanese barberry patches. Matt Salo reported that “I have not seen a single one of those since I eradicated the J. Barberry from Euclid Woods. Dog ticks also seem to have disappeared. I did pick up a single wood tick at Euclid and a deer tick at Woodworth Park, but otherwise this has been an amazingly tick-free area for the past year, despite the greater presence of deer.”</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=1700 style='width:1020.0pt;margin-left:-.75pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Park</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Status</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Surveyed and treated by</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Euclid Park </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Surveyed, ongoing removal </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Matt and Sheila Salo</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Governor Bridge Natural area</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Ongoing survey</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Chris Garrett</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Paint Branch UU Church </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ongoing survey </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Alan and Becky Hedin</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Colmar Manor</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>and Dueling Creek </span></strong></span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Surveyed and found in 2006</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>John Dillon</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Patuxent River Park</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ongoing survey </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Stephanie Jacob and Greg Lewis</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Clearwater Nature Center</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>surveyed and ongoing removal</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Rachel Holden and Marc Imlay</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Watkins Nature Center</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ongoing survey and treatment</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Nicole Patterson, Paula McNeil and Carla Rohde</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Magruder Woods</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>surveyed and removed </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marc Imlay</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Swann Park</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>surveyed and treated</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marc Imlay</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Chapman Forest</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Surveyed and removed </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Bruce Kirk, Robert Chapman and Marc Imlay</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Little Paint Branch Park</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>surveyed and ongoing removal</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marc Imlay</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Cherry Hill Road Community Park</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>surveyed and treated</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marc Imlay</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'> </span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=410 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:246.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td><td width=388 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:233.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td><td width=693 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:416.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td><td width=208 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:125.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td></tr></table><p><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Lower Beaverdam Creek, Cheverly</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>MNCPPC Cheverly Conservation Corps and Friends of Lower Beaverdam Creek</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Euclid Woods Park</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Dates: Please call 301-341-1261 to arrange a work session, when you are free to help out.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Description: Euclid Woods consists of a 50 acre contiguous wooded area wedged between a residential neighborhood, the hospital hill, and the Cheverly Industrial Park, bounded on the west side by a tributary feeding into the Lower Beaverdam Creek. After restoration work began shortly after 2000 the area is slowly returning to its natural state, primarily due to removal of invasive plants and the rescue of young trees and shrubs from windfalls. The restoration has allowed the return of a rich understory of native shrubs, saplings and herbaceous plants, which form the basis of the local food chain and which in turn encourage insects that, according to the entomologist Doug Tallamy, form over 96 percent of the summer diet of our birds. Smaller trees and shrubs, such as dogwood, hawthorn, sassafras, serviceberry, spicebush and several viburnums, such as the hobblebush and witherod are now thriving. Birds such as the pileated woodpecker, woodcock and a number of raptors that had gone missing are now returning. The forest is beginning to function as it should to keep our air and waters pure and support the web of life that in turn supports us. Bring friends and help us remove invasive plants to maintain and further improve this largest and most productive natural area in Cheverly. Tools provided, but bring work gloves and sturdy shoes. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Directions: Call ahead to arrange the time and meet at 5607 Greenleaf Rd in Cheverly. Enter Forest Rd from Cheverly Ave heading west; go three blocks and keep right when the road splits; continue straight ahead and park anywhere at the end of on Greenleaf Rd. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Contact: For further information please contact Matt Salo at 301-341-1261. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><br> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marc Imlay, PhD,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>(301) 442-5657 cell</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com">Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</a> <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Natural and Historical Resources Division</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.pgparks.com/">www.pgparks.com</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> Marc Imlay [<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">mailto:ialm@erols.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, December 09, 2010 8:35 AM<br><b>To:</b> Sweet, Benjamin; Dillon, John<br><b>Cc:</b> Lowe, Kyle; Imlay, Marc<br><b>Subject:</b> Bush Honeysuckle at College Park Aviation Museum</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Hi Ben and John,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Here is the information on the </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>University of Missouri research that found that bush honeysuckle increases the risk of tick borne disease by a factor of ten.</span></b><tt><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> We can remove the smaller Bush Honeysuckle with </span></b></tt><tt><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>College Park Aviation Museum volunteers, as Mark suggests, for hand removal with 4 prong spading forks. Herbicide application is needed for the cut stumps the volunteers cut with loppers. Thanks.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><tt><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><tt><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marc </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoAutoSig><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Conservation biologist<br>Park Ranger Office (301) 442-5657 cell </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoAutoSig><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Natural and Historical Resources Division</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoAutoSig><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoAutoSig><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='color:#1F497D'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Marc Imlay [<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">mailto:ialm@erols.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, October 17, 2010 7:43 AM<br><b>To:</b> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>'Wildlife and Endangered Species Forum'<br><b>Subject:</b> Invasive bush honeysuckle increase risk of tick-borne disease in suburbs by 10x</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>I am so glad we got 80% of the massive populations of Bush Honeysuckle so far out of Little Paint Branch Park in Beltsville, MD, and Magruder Park in Hyattsville, MD, and all of the massive population out of Cherry Hill Park in College Park, MD. It had just started in Swann Park in Charles County, MD when we then eradicated it. Marc</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marc Imlay, PhD <br><br>Conservation biologist, 301-283-0808, 301-442-5657 cell <br><br>Board member of the Mid-Atlantic Invasive Plant Council, <br><br>Vice president of the Maryland Native Plant Society, <br><br>Chair of the Biodiversity and Habitat Stewardship Committee <br><br>for the Maryland Chapter of the Sierra Club.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>more selling point to a public that can't seem to part with its beautiful, fragrant & wildly invasive honeysuckle</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>-----Original Message-----<br>From: <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a> <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"><ialm@erols.com></a><br>To: <a href="mailto:invasives@listserv.umd.edu">invasives@listserv.umd.edu</a>; <a href="mailto:MD-CONS-COMM@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG">MD-CONS-COMM@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG</a>; <a href="mailto:ficmnew@mail.afpmb.org">ficmnew@mail.afpmb.org</a>; <a href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</a><br>Sent: Tue, Oct 12, 2010 10:39 am<br>Subject: [APWG] Invasive honeysuckle increase risk of tick-borne disease in suburbs</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101011173245.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101011173245.htm</a> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Science News Share Invasive</span></b></tt><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> </span></b></tt><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Honeysuckle Increase Risk of Tick-Borne Disease in Suburbs</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ScienceDaily (Oct. 11, 2010) "You don't have to go out into the woods</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>anymore," says tick expert Brian F. Allan, PhD, who just completed a</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>postdoctoral appointment at Washington University in St. Louis. "The deer</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>are bringing tick-borne disease to us."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The invasive plant bush honeysuckle, for example.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Yes, that leafy shrub with the lovely egg-shaped leaves on arching</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>branches, fragrant white or yellow flowers and the dark red berries so</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>attractive to birds.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Called bush or Amur honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii derives from the borders</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>of the Amur River, which divides the Russian Far East from Manchuria. Its</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Latin name honors Richard Maack, a 19th-century Russian naturalist.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"I've spent a lot of time in honeysuckle," Allan says, "and I can tell you</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>there are deer tunnels through it. So if you get down low, you can actually</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>move through honeysuckle pretty efficiently. And you pick up a lot of ticks</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>while you're back in there.!</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>An interdisciplinary team made up of ecologists, molecular biologists and</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>physicians from Washington University in St. Louis and the University of</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Missouri-St. Louis tested Allan's suspicions by experiment in a</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>conservation area near St. Louis.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>In this part of the country, the tick of concern is Amblyomma americanum,</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background-attachment:scroll'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>called the lone star tick because the adult female has a white splotch on</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>her back. The tick-borne diseases are the ehrlichioses, caused by bacteria</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>in the genus Ehrlichia, named for the German microbiologist Paul Ehrlich.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal><tt><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>As Allan and his colleagues report this week in the Proceedings of the</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></p><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>National Academy of Sciences, the density of white-tailed deer in</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>honeysuckle-invaded areas was roughly five times that in areas without</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>honeysuckle and the density of nymph life-stage ticks infected with</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>bacteria that cause human disease was roughly 10 times higher.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Hard as it may be to believe, given the long chain of interactions needed</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>to get there, the presence of bush honeysuckle substantially increases the</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>risk of human disease.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"But that's exactly what is happening," says Jonathan M. Chase, professor</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>of biology in Arts & Sciences and a collaborator on the project. The big</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>question now, says Chase, who is also director of Washington University's</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Tyson Research Center, is whether what holds for honeysuckle holds for</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>other invasive plants as well. "This may be something that's occurring</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>quite broadly, but we're really just starting to look at the connection</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>between invasive plants and tick-borne disease risk."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The honeysuckle experiment</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>By fortunate chance, Allan and Chase were able to piggyback their</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>honeysuckle research on a similar experiment organized by Humberto P. Dutra</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>of the University of Missouri-St. Louis for his dissertation research.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>At the August A. Busch Memorial Conservation Area in St. Charles, Mo., just</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>west of St. Louis, Dutra set up four types of plots. In one type, the</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>honeysuckle and its berries were left alone; in the second, both the plants</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>and berries were remo!</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ved; in the third, the plant was there but the berries</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>had been picked and in the fourth, berry clusters were placed on the ground</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>but the plants were uprooted.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"It was very labor intensive so Dutra organized large teams of volunteers</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>-- dozens at a time -- to go out there and pick fruits," Allan says.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"The deer used the open areas less than the honeysuckle patches and we</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>don't think it's because they're eating the honeysuckle; we think they're</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>using it for physical structure," says Allan. "They like to bed in it</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>because it's the densest thing out there, the best structure in town. No</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>native species comes close to achieving the same density."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Allan and Dutra measured vegetation density by counting how many leaves</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>touched a string between two poles. By this criterion, honeysuckle patches</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>were 18 times denser than patches of native vegetation.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Moreover, Allan says, bush honeysuckle retains its leaves longer than most</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>native species do. It's the first thing to leaf out in the spring and it's</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>the last thing in the understory to drop its leaves in the fall, so it</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>creates structure for a large portion of the year.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"This includes really important times of the year from the perspective of</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>tick biology," Allan adds. "Larval ticks, the first lifestage ticks, are</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>out from August until October. Come late October, honeysuckle is the only</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>thing providing green cover, so deer probably bed in honeysuckle throughout</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>the larval tick season.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"The larval ticks become infected when they take their blood meal from an</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>infected host, usually a deer, and the next life-stage, the nymphs, may</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>spread disease to people if they grab onto them for the next blood meal.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Poop surveys</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Allan figures out deer density by counting scat. "I can spot one pellet,</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>just one little popcorn-sized pellet from a couple of meters away," he</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>says. "And that's indicative of a really ridiculous amount of time spent in</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>my life counting deer feces."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Poop surveys, he calls them.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal><tt><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"Deer scat is pretty distinctive," he says. "The only thing you could mix</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></p><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>it up with is scat from an eastern cottontail rabbit, which is similar in</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>size and shape but much smaller. But it would be hard to distinguish the</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>scat from an adult rabbit and a baby deer; those are probably the only ones</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>it would be possible to mix up."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Counting ticks</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Wherever you find white-tailed deer, you are likely to find ticks, Allan</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>says. Lone star ticks need blood meals to power their metamorphoses from</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>larva, to nymph, to adult and to fatten up for egg laying.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>They sometimes bite coyotes, foxes and other animals, but their favorite</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>hosts are wild turkey and white-tailed deer.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"I use a very straightforward way of trapping ticks, Allan says, "and</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>that's a cooler baited with a piece of dry ice. As the dry ice sublimates,</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>it releases carbon dioxide gas that attracts the ticks. The ticks climb</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>onto the trap and get stuck in doublesided carpet tape on the board, and</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>that's really all there is to it."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"The lone-star tick, the most commonly encountered tick in the St. Louis</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>area, is very aggressive and will actually go after its host. It will run</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>toward the host, faster than most people probably think a tick can run. It</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>has its front legs out, and it's trying to find you. It has sensory organs</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>on its front two legs, so it'll stand there and wave those legs around</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>trying to detect your heat and your carbon dioxide signature. And when it</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>gets closer, it kind of zig zags as it's approaching you, because it's</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>homing in on your signal and when it gets really close, it grabs on.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"Sometimes I'll just stand there and watch the ticks do this," he says</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>grinning. "It's pretty amusing.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"My record trap, the one that blew the rest out of the water, had 5,000</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>nymph lifestage lone-star ticks on it. We've done capture studies that</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>suggest the nymphs don't travel much more than three meters, so that means</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>there were 5,000 nymphal ticks within about a three-meter radius of where</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>we put that trap down.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"It was remarkable. It took 10 man-hours to count all the ticks on that</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>trap. We need to bring them into the lab to test them, so we pick them off</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>with a pair of forceps one at a time and put them in ethanol."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Getting blood from a tick</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The ticks are brought into the lab where they are pulverized and the mash</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>is run through a DNA assay developed by Robert E. Thach, PhD, professor of</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>biology in Arts & Sciences and of biochemistry and molecular biophysics in</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>the School of Medicine, and Lisa S. Goessling, staff research associate in</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>the Department of Biology.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"The technology for identifying mosquito blood meals has existed for some</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>time," Allan explains, "because mosquitoes take many blood meals over a</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>short period of time, so the blood is usually still fresh when you capture</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>them.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"It's much harder to get blood from a tick, which usually takes only one</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>blood meal per life stage," Thach says. "By the time we capture the tick,</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>eight months to a year may have elapsed. The tick has had a long time to</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:#1F497D'>!</span></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>digest that blood, so there may be only a tiny amount of DNA left -- if</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>there's any."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The team did two assays on tick DNA: one to identify pathogenic bacteria</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>and the other to identify the animal that provided the tick's last blood</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>meal.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The results showed that more blood meals were taken from deer in</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>honeysuckle-intact plots.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The assay also looked for Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii,</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>among other pathogens. Both bacteria were once thought to cause disease</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>only i</span></strong><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>n animals but have been found to infect people as well.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Ehrlichiosis is the general name used to describe several bacterial</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>diseases that affect animals and humans. The first case of human</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in 1986.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>A case of ehrlichiosis caused by another bacterium was identified in 1999</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>by Gregory A. Storch, MD, the Ruth L. Siteman Professor of Pediatrics at</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Washington University's School of Medicine. Worldwide, four ehrlichia</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>species are currently known to cause disease in humans.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Ehrlichiosis begins with symptoms typical of bacterial infection, such as</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>fever, headache, fatigue and muscle aches. More serious symptoms, such as</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>joint pain and confusion, may occur and in rare instances the disease is</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>fatal.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Thach says that when he goes into the woods he wears special anti-tick</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>underwear called Bug Skinz and permethrin-saturated clothing over that.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Thach's lab is currently investigating Ehrlichia bacteria in squirrels and</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>local Ehrlichia hotspots, locations where the pathogen is found every</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>single time the scientists sample.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Win-Win Ecology?</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The irrepressible Allan is more encouraged than not by the new findings.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"We're really simplifying our environment, he says. That's what the</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>diversity crisis is leading to -- humans living in monocultures. That's</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>exactly what bush honeysuckle is, a human-caused monoculture."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"But as ecologists like to say, nature abhors a monoculture. Monocultures</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>are unstable, and they often have negative consequences for human health."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"Many studies around the world are showing an increase in the risk of</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>infectious disease as a result of the loss of biological diversity."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"It's hard to get people to focus on invasive plants. That's why these</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>invaders are so successful. They're basically more persistent than we are."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"But people are more likely to pay attention when their health is !</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>at stake."</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"So this may be a case of win-win ecology. Honeysuckle control would</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>benefit native species but it would also benefit human health. I think</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>that's the really encouraging message to have come out of this study. "</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Editor's Note: This article is not intended to provide medical advice,</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>diagnosis or treatment.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Email or share this story:| More </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>----------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>----</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Story Source:</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>staff) from materials provided by Washington University in St. Louis.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>----------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>----</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Journal Reference:</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>B. F. Allan, H. P. Dutra, L. S. Goessling, K. Barnett, J. M. Chase, R. J.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marquis, G. Pang, G. A. Storch, R. E. Thach, J. L. Orrock. Invasive</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>honeysuckle eradication reduces tick-borne disease risk by altering host</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010; DOI:</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>10.1073/pnas.1008362107 </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>following formats: </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> APA</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> MLA Washington University in St. Louis (2010, October 11). Invasive</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>honeysuckle increase risk of tick-borne disease in suburbs. ScienceDaily.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Retrieved October 12, 2010, from <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com">http://www.sciencedaily.com</a></span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>/releases/2010/10/101011173245.htm</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Note!</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>enlarge</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This is a wall of bush honeysuckle in a park in St. Louis. Half the time</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>t</span></b></tt><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>hat unidentifiable shrubby green thing is the invasive plant Amur</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii. A new study shows that whitetailed deer</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>shelter in bush honeysuckle, dropping larval ticks there that carry</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>diseases called the ehrlichioses. In this way an invasive plant is</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>indirectly linked to emerging zoonoses. (Credit: Brian Allan)</span></b></tt><o:p></o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><br> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'><br> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>