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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Well, I think that credentials typically imply some level of competence.
I was also hoping that someone with credentials, might see more flaws in his
position than I do. I don’t think there is any disagreement with
his basic premise that most nonnative species are not problems and “These
days, more than ever, we need to spend society’s fiscal resources wisely
and strategically”. That is why non-native species are evaluated
and if determined to be invasive, are rated according to relative risk. But
at a time when the public is finally waking up to the fact that many non-native
species are causing severe problems, his general derision of those who are
trying to work on those problems is disturbing to me. I don’t think
invasives species are “over-hyped” by any means. On the contrary, I
don’t think they get the attention they deserve.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>More specifically, his statement that “The problem I have
is that species are not health threats, are not causing any significant
economic cost, yet people claim that they have undesirable ecological effects…The
fact that native species may become less abundant, is that really harm, or is
that just change?” He contends that science should not be motivated
by values, and yet obviously this statement values human impacts above other
impacts. I’m more familiar with invasive plants and I think
that most people that are concerned with invasive weeds have made a clear
distinction between non-native species that have simply escaped their natural
range and those that are causing ecological harm – with the loss of
native species being one significant indicator of harm, but increased fire,
erosion, water consumption, etc. being among the many other factors considered.
The secondary impacts to wildlife caused by monocultures of weeds has also been
well documented. It causes a significant loss of habitat, which to my
knowledge is the leading cause of extinction. It’s not only development
that destroys habitat. So yes, if you don’t value native plants and
animals, then I guess invasive weeds aren’t a problem, unless they are
bad for your health or your pocketbook. He makes an exception for
islands, noting that the brown tree snake has wrecked havoc on some islands and
is a major threat to species survival. Has he not heard about the “island
effect” – that we have so fragmented natural areas that we have
created islands everywhere? He completely dismisses the “precautionary
principle”, noting that the world is constantly changing and we can’t
predict what will happen, as if that is a reason not to exercise some caution
and humility. In the next breath he mentions climate change, which
scientists have been predicting with reasonable accuracy what the effects will
be. He also dismisses scientific work identifying invasive traits as not
being very successful, and yet I would aver that they have been very successful.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Those are some of the things I take exception to, but I have a
grant proposal to write.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Wayne Tyson [mailto:landrest@cox.net]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, January 31, 2011 7:04 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Holly Sletteland; 'Marc Imlay'; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [APWG] Exotics species overhyped,according to Feb.2011 SCI
AMER article<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It's
not credentials that are needed, it's competence. But when he's taken on, it
should be in the open, and with the courage to see it through. Alternatively,
this list could discuss it based on the actual specifics of what he said, not
by setting up straw-men. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>WT</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>-----
Original Message ----- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:#E4E4E4'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="mailto:hslettel@calpoly.edu"
title="hslettel@calpoly.edu">Holly Sletteland</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a
href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" title="ialm@erols.com">'Marc Imlay'</a> ; <a
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org"
title="apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sent:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Friday, January 28,
2011 8:34 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Subject:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Re: [APWG] Exotics
species overhyped,according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I subscribe to Scientific American and was very dismayed to see
that article. It takes a highly anthropogenic view of invasive species,
contending that we should only worry about them if they cause harm to the
economy or health and learn to live with most everything else. He
acknowledges that some species have proven ecologically harmful, but downplays
it, focusing instead on the supposed exaggeration of environmental
impacts. Scientific American is very widely read. I would hope that
someone with more impressive credentials than myself would take him to task for
this article in a letter to the editor.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Marc
Imlay<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, January 27, 2011 5:02 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [APWG] Exotics species overhyped, according to Feb.2011 SCI
AMER article<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Regarding “</span></b><b><span
lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>the exotic plant is considered
a critical habitat for endangered bird species, such as the <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"><span
style='color:windowtext'>southwestern willow flycatcher</span></a> that nests
in its branches.” so was the </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>native
cottonwood and willow trees replaced by the salt cedar critical habitat for the
bird (There was only one listed endangered bird species, not several as
implied). We have to replace the salt cedar that we remove with the
original natives. In this case one of the benefits of the native ecosystem was
retained by the exotic ecosystem but other benefits were lost. The biological
control can be released where the endangered bird is not present but only
mechanical and herbicidal control should be used where the endangered bird is
surviving, and only gradually while the native trees grow up and support the
endangered bird. The same phenomena occurred in Hawaii when the birds
that endangered plants depended upon became extinct (because of us). It became
necessary to retain non-native birds that the endangered plants need. We chose
a less invasive species of bird to retain that worked for the plants. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;
line-height:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Regarding
</span></b><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>“There
have been thousands of nonnative species introduced in the United States,"
he says, "and they have not caused one native species to go
extinct.", Davis is incorrect. While it is true that invasive plant
species alone on the mainland have caused few extinctions the same can be said
for other causes. It is the cumulative impact that generally causes extinction.
Examination of endangered and extinct species has shown that replacement by
monocultures occurs over a significant portion of the ranges of about 40% of
endangered species. For example, in a paper by Sam Fuller and
myself, we did a field survey of the endangered mussel, Elliptio waccamawensis,
in North Carolina We found that the invasive Asiatic clam, Corbicula </span></b><b><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";letter-spacing:-.15pt'>manilensis</span></b><b><span
lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>, replaced the native mussels
which we found dead on the banks but only where the creeks were disturbed by
the Army Corps of Engineers. Where the Asiatic clam had not yet reached the
disturbed habitat the mussels survived. The Asiatic Clam was present, but in a
much lower density, in pristine unpolluted habitat and the mussels also
survived. </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Fuller,
S. L. H. and M. J. Imlay. 1976. Spatial competition between Corbicula <br>
manilensis (Philippi), the Chinese clam (Corbiculidae), and the freshwater <span
style='letter-spacing:-.15pt'>mussels (Unionidae) in the Waccamaw River basin
of the Carolinas (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Association of Southeastern Biologists,
Bulletin 23(2):60. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;
line-height:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
letter-spacing:-.15pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;
line-height:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
letter-spacing:-.15pt'>[Abstract]<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;
line-height:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
letter-spacing:-.15pt'>
Dead mussel shells and abundant living Corbicula manilensis (Philippi, 1841)
were found below the confluence of the Waccamaw River with the intracoastal
Waterway (Horry County, South Carolina), where the river is profoundly
disturbed by human activities. Above this confluence, where the river is, in
general, little disturbed, mussels were found increasingly dominant over C.
manilensis, as samples were taken further upstream, until the latter
disappeared. C. manilensis reappeared in Lake Waccamaw (Columbus County, North
Carolina), but mussels persisted in apparently diminished numbers. The lake is
almost encircled by extant and potential land development, but its floor
remains negligibly damaged. It appears that C. manilensis does not (and perhaps
cannot) dominate indigenous bivalves in nearly or quite natural habitats, at
least in slowly moving, soft bottom Coastal Plain streams of the Atlantic
drainage. Corollarily, not to disturb aquatic habitats may be man's best
defense against domination of the benthos by C. manilensis. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Cheers.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Marc
Imlay, PhD,</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Conservation
biologist, Park Ranger Office</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>(301)
442-5657 cell</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><a
href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com" title="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><span
style='color:navy'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></a> <a
href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" title="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a></span></b><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Natural
and Historical Resources Division</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and
Planning Commission</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><a
href="http://www.pgparks.com" title="http://www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:30.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b><b><span
lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Alien Invasion? An Ecologist
Doubts the Impact of <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:30.0pt'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Exotic
Species<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.25pt;
margin-left:0in;line-height:18.0pt' id=articleDek><b><span lang=EN
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Many conservationists have dedicated
their lives to eradicating invasive plant and animal species, but Mark Davis
wants them to reassess their missions<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=articleinfo1><span class=byline1><b><span lang=EN>By <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=1575"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=1575"><span
style='color:windowtext'>Brendan Borrell</span></a> </span></b></span><b><span
lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> | <span
class=datestamp3>August 14, 2009 |</span> <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic&page=2#comments#comments"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic&page=2#comments#comments
comments on this article"><span
style='color:windowtext'>43</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:18.75pt;
line-height:18.0pt'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br>
As Chew and his co-authors point out in the March issue of <a
href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122240688/abstract"
title="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122240688/abstract"><em><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:windowtext;font-style:normal;
text-decoration:none'>Restoration Ecology</span></em></a>, salt cedar was just
a scapegoat in the <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=water"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=water"><span
style='color:windowtext'>water</span></a> wars that have gripped the Southwest.
Today, many early claims have been refuted and the exotic plant is considered a
critical habitat for endangered bird species, such as the <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"><span
style='color:windowtext'>southwestern willow flycatcher</span></a> that nests
in its branches.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:18.75pt;
line-height:18.0pt'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>In
his book Davis picks apart the claim that invasive species are the
second-leading cause of extinctions. He traces that meme back to a 1998 paper
by Princeton ecologist <a
href="http://www.princeton.edu/step/people/faculty/david-wilcove/"
title="http://www.princeton.edu/step/people/faculty/david-wilcove/"><span
style='color:windowtext'>David Wilcove</span></a> and colleagues in the journal
<em><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>Bioscience</span></em>,
which he derides for being based on the "opinions" of field
researchers. Moreover, most species said to be imperiled by invaders were
located in Hawaii and on other islands, not the mainland U.S., where he is
skeptical that alien species can gain a foothold. "There have been
thousands of nonnative species introduced in the United States," he says,
"and they have not caused one native species to go extinct."<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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line-height:18.0pt'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br>
</span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
From: apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org [mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org]
On Behalf Of Craig Dremann - Redwood City Seed Company<br>
Sent: Tuesday, January 25, 2011 8:32 PM<br>
To: apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
Subject: [APWG] Exotics species</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>overhyped,according
to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Dear
All,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>February
2011 Scientific American article, page 74-77 "A Friend to Aliens,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>by
Brendan Borrell, an interview with Mark Davis of Macalester College in<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>St.
Paul MN.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sincerely,
Craig Dremann<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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Disclaimer<br>
Any requests, advice or opinions posted to this list reflect ONLY the opinion
of the individual posting the message. <o:p></o:p></p>
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No virus found in this incoming message.<br>
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Version: 8.5.449 / Virus Database: 271.1.1/3402 - Release Date: 01/25/11
07:34:00<o:p></o:p></p>
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