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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>There’s no straw man here. My comment below refers to a specific quote found online at Scientific American (<a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic">http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic</a>) which says, “In his book Davis picks apart the claim that invasive species are the second-leading cause of extinctions. He traces that meme back to a 1998 paper by Princeton ecologist David Wilcove and colleagues in the journal <i>Bioscience</i> .“ However, according to the headline in the 1998 Davis paper, the claim is actually that invasives are the second leading threat to <u>biodiversity</u> (<a href="http://www.edf.org/documents/836_bioscience.pdf">http://www.edf.org/documents/836_bioscience.pdf</a>). We need to be clear whether we are talking about species diversity (as in species extinctions) or biodiversity. The terms are not interchangeable. Biodiversity is not limited to species diversity, rather it includes genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity. There is strong evidence that invasives are drastically altering ecosystems. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Bill Jacobs<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Wayne Tyson [mailto:landrest@cox.net] <br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, January 31, 2011 6:03 PM<br><b>To:</b> bjacobs@eeaconsultants.com; 'Holly Sletteland'; 'Marc Imlay'; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [APWG] Exotics species overhyped,according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>APWG:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>I'd like to see specific comments on specific quotes from the article from all those concerned, please. Thanks to Stringer, I've now read the transcript of the interview. </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>WT</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>----- Original Message ----- <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#E4E4E4'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="mailto:bjacobs@eeaconsultants.com" title="bjacobs@eeaconsultants.com">Bill Jacobs</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="mailto:hslettel@calpoly.edu" title="hslettel@calpoly.edu">'Holly Sletteland'</a> ; <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" title="ialm@erols.com">'Marc Imlay'</a> ; <a href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org" title="apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Friday, January 28, 2011 2:48 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Re: [APWG] Exotics species overhyped,according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>It says below that Mark Davis picks apart the claim that invasive species are the second-leading cause of extinctions. I’ve always heard that the second-leading cause refers to the <i>loss of biodiversity</i>. Biodiversity is more than species diversity; it includes genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity. I haven’t read Davis’s book, but I’m wondering if Davis makes his case based on a false premise. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Lucida Calligraphy";color:#1F497D'>Bill Jacobs<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#365F91'>Senior Ecologist & Conservation Planner<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif";color:navy'>EEA</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif";color:navy'> </span><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif";color:#1F497D'>Inc.</span></i><b><i><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif";color:#1F497D'>1239 Route 25A, Suite 1</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif";color:#1F497D'>Stony Brook, NY 11790 </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif";color:#1F497D'>Phone: </span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif";color:#1F497D'>(631) 751-4600 </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D'>ź</span><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif";color:#1F497D'> Fax:</span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif";color:#1F497D'> (631) 751-0597<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org [mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Holly Sletteland<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 28, 2011 11:34 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'Marc Imlay'; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [APWG] Exotics species overhyped, according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I subscribe to Scientific American and was very dismayed to see that article. It takes a highly anthropogenic view of invasive species, contending that we should only worry about them if they cause harm to the economy or health and learn to live with most everything else. He acknowledges that some species have proven ecologically harmful, but downplays it, focusing instead on the supposed exaggeration of environmental impacts. Scientific American is very widely read. I would hope that someone with more impressive credentials than myself would take him to task for this article in a letter to the editor.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org [mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Marc Imlay<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, January 27, 2011 5:02 PM<br><b>To:</b> apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [APWG] Exotics species overhyped, according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Regarding “</span></b><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>the exotic plant is considered a critical habitat for endangered bird species, such as the <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27" title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"><span style='color:windowtext'>southwestern willow flycatcher</span></a> that nests in its branches.” so was the </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>native cottonwood and willow trees replaced by the salt cedar critical habitat for the bird (There was only one listed endangered bird species, not several as implied). We have to replace the salt cedar that we remove with the original natives. In this case one of the benefits of the native ecosystem was retained by the exotic ecosystem but other benefits were lost. The biological control can be released where the endangered bird is not present but only mechanical and herbicidal control should be used where the endangered bird is surviving, and only gradually while the native trees grow up and support the endangered bird. The same phenomena occurred in Hawaii when the birds that endangered plants depended upon became extinct (because of us). It became necessary to retain non-native birds that the endangered plants need. We chose a less invasive species of bird to retain that worked for the plants. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Regarding </span></b><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>“There have been thousands of nonnative species introduced in the United States," he says, "and they have not caused one native species to go extinct.", Davis is incorrect. While it is true that invasive plant species alone on the mainland have caused few extinctions the same can be said for other causes. It is the cumulative impact that generally causes extinction. Examination of endangered and extinct species has shown that replacement by monocultures occurs over a significant portion of the ranges of about 40% of endangered species. For example, in a paper by Sam Fuller and myself, we did a field survey of the endangered mussel, Elliptio waccamawensis, in North Carolina We found that the invasive Asiatic clam, Corbicula </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";letter-spacing:-.15pt'>manilensis</span></b><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>, replaced the native mussels which we found dead on the banks but only where the creeks were disturbed by the Army Corps of Engineers. Where the Asiatic clam had not yet reached the disturbed habitat the mussels survived. The Asiatic Clam was present, but in a much lower density, in pristine unpolluted habitat and the mussels also survived. </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Fuller, S. L. H. and M. J. Imlay. 1976. Spatial competition between Corbicula <br>manilensis (Philippi), the Chinese clam (Corbiculidae), and the freshwater <span style='letter-spacing:-.15pt'>mussels (Unionidae) in the Waccamaw River basin of the Carolinas (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Association of Southeastern Biologists, Bulletin 23(2):60. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";letter-spacing:-.15pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";letter-spacing:-.15pt'>[Abstract]<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";letter-spacing:-.15pt'> Dead mussel shells and abundant living Corbicula manilensis (Philippi, 1841) were found below the confluence of the Waccamaw River with the intracoastal Waterway (Horry County, South Carolina), where the river is profoundly disturbed by human activities. Above this confluence, where the river is, in general, little disturbed, mussels were found increasingly dominant over C. manilensis, as samples were taken further upstream, until the latter disappeared. C. manilensis reappeared in Lake Waccamaw (Columbus County, North Carolina), but mussels persisted in apparently diminished numbers. The lake is almost encircled by extant and potential land development, but its floor remains negligibly damaged. It appears that C. manilensis does not (and perhaps cannot) dominate indigenous bivalves in nearly or quite natural habitats, at least in slowly moving, soft bottom Coastal Plain streams of the Atlantic drainage. Corollarily, not to disturb aquatic habitats may be man's best defense against domination of the benthos by C. manilensis. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Cheers.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Marc Imlay, PhD,</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>(301) 442-5657 cell</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com" title="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><span style='color:navy'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></a> <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" title="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a></span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Natural and Historical Resources Division</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><a href="http://www.pgparks.com" title="http://www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:30.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Alien Invasion? An Ecologist Doubts the Impact of <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:30.0pt'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Exotic Species<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.25pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:18.0pt' id=articleDek><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Many conservationists have dedicated their lives to eradicating invasive plant and animal species, but Mark Davis wants them to reassess their missions<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=articleinfo1><span class=byline1><b><span lang=EN>By <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=1575" title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=1575"><span style='color:windowtext'>Brendan Borrell</span></a> </span></b></span><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> | <span class=datestamp3>August 14, 2009 |</span> <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic&page=2#comments#comments" title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic&page=2#comments#comments
comments on this article"><span style='color:windowtext'>43</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:18.75pt;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br>As Chew and his co-authors point out in the March issue of <a href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122240688/abstract" title="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122240688/abstract"><em><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:windowtext;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none'>Restoration Ecology</span></em></a>, salt cedar was just a scapegoat in the <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=water" title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=water"><span style='color:windowtext'>water</span></a> wars that have gripped the Southwest. Today, many early claims have been refuted and the exotic plant is considered a critical habitat for endangered bird species, such as the <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27" title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"><span style='color:windowtext'>southwestern willow flycatcher</span></a> that nests in its branches.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:18.75pt;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>In his book Davis picks apart the claim that invasive species are the second-leading cause of extinctions. He traces that meme back to a 1998 paper by Princeton ecologist <a href="http://www.princeton.edu/step/people/faculty/david-wilcove/" title="http://www.princeton.edu/step/people/faculty/david-wilcove/"><span style='color:windowtext'>David Wilcove</span></a> and colleagues in the journal <em><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>Bioscience</span></em>, which he derides for being based on the "opinions" of field researchers. Moreover, most species said to be imperiled by invaders were located in Hawaii and on other islands, not the mainland U.S., where he is skeptical that alien species can gain a foothold. "There have been thousands of nonnative species introduced in the United States," he says, "and they have not caused one native species to go extinct."<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:18.75pt;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br> </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>-----Original Message-----<br>From: apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org [mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] On Behalf Of Craig Dremann - Redwood City Seed Company<br>Sent: Tuesday, January 25, 2011 8:32 PM<br>To: apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br>Subject: [APWG] Exotics species</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>overhyped,according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>February 2011 Scientific American article, page 74-77 "A Friend to Aliens,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>by Brendan Borrell, an interview with Mark Davis of Macalester College in<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>St. Paul MN.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sincerely, Craig Dremann<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal><br>_______________________________________________<br>PCA's Alien Plant Working Group mailing list<br>APWG@lists.plantconservation.org<br>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org<br><br>Disclaimer<br>Any requests, advice or opinions posted to this list reflect ONLY the opinion of the individual posting the message. <o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal><br>No virus found in this incoming message.<br>Checked by AVG - www.avg.com <br>Version: 8.5.449 / Virus Database: 271.1.1/3408 - Release Date: 01/28/11 09:14:00<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote></div></body></html>