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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Marc/Tom and APWG:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>For some reason the attachment doesn't seem to be
there; can you try again? </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>And can someone send me a copy of the Chew, et al
paper? </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>As to saltcedar (and believe me, I have not kept up
with every paper that purports to be a contribution to the science on this),
Dudley is right. I would gladly be corrected by flycatcher researchers, but if
my casual observations are any good (and they may or may not be), the saltcedar
thickets are a poor substitute for sandbar willows, Baccharis sp., arrow-weed,
and structurally similar indigenous species, but I can't quite figure out why
the bug release program didn't include some interplanting of such species. Even
so, though, I haven't noticed any work done on the possibility of
beetle-resistant fractions of the saltcedar population. The elephant in the room
is salt accumulation; I have tried to offer my assistance here, but no takers
(???). Some places have such high salt accumulations that the saltcedar itself
has difficulty, but the tolerance range has not shown up in the literature I've
seen, nor has corresponding studies of the history and dynamics of salinity
changes for correlation. Nobody seems to want to try the obvious solutions, but
a lot of money seems to have been spent on restoration projects that don't last
(if they perform at all) very long. It's not, sadly, surprising. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>WT</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=ialm@erols.com href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">Marc Imlay</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=apwg@lists.plantconservation.org
href="mailto:apwg@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg@lists.plantconservation.org</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Friday, January 28, 2011 10:35
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [APWG] Exotics species
overhyped,according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=Section1>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">-----Original
Message-----<BR>From: Tom Dudley [mailto:tdudley@msi.ucsb.edu] <BR>Sent:
Friday, January 28, 2011 12:24 AM<BR>To: Marc Imlay<BR>Subject: RE: Exotics
species overhyped, according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER
article<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Thanks for that
response, Marc. I have to constantly remind people that<FONT color=navy><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN></FONT>tamarisk is not good habitat necessary for
sustaining birds, it is merely<FONT color=navy><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">
</SPAN></FONT>satisfactory habitat that does provide usable habitat for a few
species,<FONT color=navy><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN></FONT>including
one endangered one. We've seen increases in SW willow<FONT color=navy><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN></FONT>flycatchers now in several locations where
tamarisk is replaced by native<FONT color=navy><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">
</SPAN></FONT>willows. FYI, I've attached a recent paper we did on the
current<FONT color=navy><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN></FONT>biocontrol
assessment program in the <st1:place w:st="on">Virgin
River</st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Tom<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Tom
Dudley<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Marine Science
Institute<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">University</SPAN></FONT></B></st1:PlaceType><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> of
<st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">California</st1:PlaceName></SPAN></FONT></B></st1:place><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Santa
Barbara</SPAN></FONT></B></st1:City><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">, <st1:State
w:st="on">CA</st1:State>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region></SPAN></FONT></B></st1:place><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">
93106-6150<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">&<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Natural
Resource & Environmental Sciences<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><B><FONT face=Arial
size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">University</SPAN></FONT></B></st1:PlaceType><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> of
<st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Nevada</st1:PlaceName>, <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on">Reno</st1:City></st1:place><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Office: Noble
Hall 1128; Lab: Noble 1250<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Phone:
805-893-2911; Lab: 893-3057<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">tdudley@msi.ucsb.edu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">http://rivrlab.msi.ucsb.edu/<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
<HR tabIndex=-1 align=center width="100%" SIZE=2>
</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">From:</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT
face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> Holly
Sletteland [mailto:hslettel@calpoly.edu] <BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> Friday, January 28, 2011 11:34
AM<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">'Marc Imlay'</st1:PersonName>;
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B> RE: [APWG] Exotics species
overhyped, according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER
article</SPAN></FONT><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">I subscribe to
Scientific American and was very dismayed to see that article. It takes
a highly anthropogenic view of invasive species, contending that we should
only worry about them if they cause harm to the economy or health and learn to
live with most everything else. He acknowledges that some species have
proven ecologically harmful, but downplays it, focusing instead on the
supposed exaggeration of environmental impacts. Scientific American is
very widely read. I would hope that someone with more impressive credentials
than myself would take him to task for this article in a letter to the
editor.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">From:</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT
face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">On Behalf Of </SPAN></B>Marc Imlay<BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> Thursday, January 27, 2011 5:02
PM<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B>
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B> Re: [APWG] Exotics species
overhyped, according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER
article<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Regarding
“</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial><SPAN lang=EN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">the exotic plant is considered a
critical habitat for endangered bird species, such as the <A
title=http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"><FONT
color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext">southwestern willow
flycatcher</SPAN></FONT></A> that nests in its branches.” so was the
</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">native cottonwood and willow
trees replaced by the salt cedar critical habitat for the bird (There was only
one listed endangered bird species, not several as implied). We have to
replace the salt cedar that we remove with the original natives. In this case
one of the benefits of the native ecosystem was retained by the exotic
ecosystem but other benefits were lost. The biological control can be released
where the endangered bird is not present but only mechanical and herbicidal
control should be used where the endangered bird is surviving, and only
gradually while the native trees grow up and support the endangered bird.
The same phenomena occurred in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Hawaii</st1:place></st1:State> when the birds that endangered plants
depended upon became extinct (because of us). It became necessary to retain
non-native birds that the endangered plants need. We chose a less invasive
species of bird to retain that worked for the plants.
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Regarding
</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial><SPAN lang=EN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“There have been thousands of
nonnative species introduced in the <st1:country-region w:st="on">United
States</st1:country-region>," he says, "and they have not caused one native
species to go extinct.", <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:City> is incorrect. While it is true that
invasive plant species alone on the mainland have caused few extinctions the
same can be said for other causes. It is the cumulative impact that generally
causes extinction. Examination of endangered and extinct species has shown
that replacement by monocultures occurs over a significant portion of the
ranges of about 40% of endangered species. For example, in a paper
by Sam Fuller and myself, we did a field survey of the endangered mussel,
Elliptio waccamawensis, in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">North
Carolina</st1:place></st1:State> We found that the invasive Asiatic clam,
Corbicula </SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: -0.15pt">manilensis</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT
face=Arial><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,
replaced the native mussels which we found dead on the banks but only where
the creeks were disturbed by the Army Corps of Engineers. Where the Asiatic
clam had not yet reached the disturbed habitat the mussels survived. The
Asiatic Clam was present, but in a much lower density, in pristine unpolluted
habitat and the mussels also survived. </SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT
face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Fuller, S. L.
H. and M. J. Imlay. 1976. Spatial competition between Corbicula <BR>manilensis
(Philippi), the Chinese clam (Corbiculidae), and the freshwater <SPAN
style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.15pt">mussels (Unionidae) in the <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Waccamaw</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">River
basin</st1:PlaceType> of the <st1:place w:st="on">Carolinas</st1:place>
(Mollusca: Bivalvia). Association of Southeastern Biologists, Bulletin
23(2):60. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: -0.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: -0.15pt">[Abstract]<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: -0.15pt">
Dead mussel shells and abundant living Corbicula manilensis (Philippi, 1841)
were found below the confluence of the Waccamaw River with the intracoastal
Waterway (Horry County, South Carolina), where the river is profoundly
disturbed by human activities. Above this confluence, where the river is, in
general, little disturbed, mussels were found increasingly dominant over C.
manilensis, as samples were taken further upstream, until the latter
disappeared. C. manilensis reappeared in <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Waccamaw</st1:PlaceName> (<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on">Columbus County</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">North
Carolina</st1:State></st1:place>), but mussels persisted in apparently
diminished numbers. The lake is almost encircled by extant and potential land
development, but its floor remains negligibly damaged. It appears that C.
manilensis does not (and perhaps cannot) dominate indigenous bivalves in
nearly or quite natural habitats, at least in slowly moving, soft bottom
Coastal Plain streams of the Atlantic drainage. Corollarily, not to disturb
aquatic habitats may be man's best defense against domination of the benthos
by C. manilensis. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN lang=EN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Cheers.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Marc
Imlay, PhD,</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Conservation
biologist, Park Ranger Office</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(301)
442-5657 cell</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><A
title=mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><FONT
color=navy><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy">Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</SPAN></FONT></A> <A
title=mailto:ialm@erols.com
href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</A></SPAN></FONT></B><FONT
color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Natural
and Historical Resources Division</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Maryland-National</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Capital</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> and Planning
Commission</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><A
title=http://www.pgparks.com
href="http://www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</A></SPAN></FONT></B><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 30pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT
face=Arial><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Alien
Invasion? An Ecologist Doubts the Impact of <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 30pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN lang=EN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Exotic
Species<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P id=articleDek
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5.25pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN lang=EN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Many
conservationists have dedicated their lives to eradicating invasive plant and
animal species, but Mark Davis wants them to reassess their
missions<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=articleinfo1><SPAN class=byline1><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">By <A
title=http://www.scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=1575
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=1575"><FONT
color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext">Brendan Borrell</SPAN></FONT></A>
</SPAN></FONT></B></SPAN><B><FONT face=Arial><SPAN lang=EN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> | <SPAN
class=datestamp3><FONT face=Arial>August 14, 2009 |</FONT></SPAN> <A
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic&page=2#comments#comments
comments on this article"
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic&page=2#comments#comments"><FONT
color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext">43</SPAN></FONT></A>
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 18.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN lang=EN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><BR>As Chew and
his co-authors point out in the March issue of <A
title=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122240688/abstract
href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122240688/abstract"><EM><I><FONT
face=Arial color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; TEXT-DECORATION: none">Restoration
Ecology</SPAN></FONT></I></EM></A>, salt cedar was just a scapegoat in the <A
title=http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=water
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=water"><FONT
color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext">water</SPAN></FONT></A> wars that
have gripped the Southwest. Today, many early claims have been refuted and the
exotic plant is considered a critical habitat for endangered bird species,
such as the <A
title=http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"><FONT
color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext">southwestern willow
flycatcher</SPAN></FONT></A> that nests in its
branches.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 18.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN lang=EN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">In his book
<st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:City> picks
apart the claim that invasive species are the second-leading cause of
extinctions. He traces that meme back to a 1998 paper by <st1:place
w:st="on">Princeton</st1:place> ecologist <A
title=http://www.princeton.edu/step/people/faculty/david-wilcove/
href="http://www.princeton.edu/step/people/faculty/david-wilcove/"><FONT
color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext">David Wilcove</SPAN></FONT></A>
and colleagues in the journal <EM><I><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
style="FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Bioscience</SPAN></FONT></I></EM>,
which he derides for being based on the "opinions" of field researchers.
Moreover, most species said to be imperiled by invaders were located in
<st1:State w:st="on">Hawaii</st1:State> and on other islands, not the mainland
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region>, where he is skeptical that
alien species can gain a foothold. "There have been thousands of nonnative
species introduced in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>," he says, "and they
have not caused one native species to go
extinct."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 18.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN lang=EN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><BR> </SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT
face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">-----Original
Message-----<BR>From: apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] On Behalf Of Craig Dremann -
Redwood City Seed Company<BR>Sent: Tuesday, January 25, 2011 8:32 PM<BR>To:
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<BR>Subject: [APWG] Exotics
species</SPAN></FONT></B> <B><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">overhyped,according to Feb.2011
SCI AMER article</SPAN></FONT></B><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Dear
All,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">February 2011
Scientific American article, page 74-77 "A Friend to
Aliens,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">by Brendan
Borrell, an interview with Mark Davis of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Macalester</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">College</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
in<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><B><FONT
face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">St.
Paul</SPAN></FONT></B></st1:City><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <st1:State
w:st="on">MN</st1:State></SPAN></FONT></B></st1:place><B><FONT face=Arial
size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Sincerely,
Craig Dremann<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P></DIV>
<P>
<HR>
<P></P><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>PCA's Alien
Plant Working Group mailing
list<BR>APWG@lists.plantconservation.org<BR>http://lists.plantconservation.org/mailman/listinfo/apwg_lists.plantconservation.org<BR><BR>Disclaimer<BR>Any
requests, advice or opinions posted to this list reflect ONLY the opinion of
the individual posting the message.
<P>
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