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<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>-----Original Message-----<br>
From: Tom Dudley [mailto:tdudley@msi.ucsb.edu] <br>
Sent: Friday, January 28, 2011 12:24 AM<br>
To: Marc Imlay<br>
Subject: RE: Exotics species overhyped, according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Thanks for that response, Marc. I have to
constantly remind people that<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>tamarisk
is not good habitat necessary for sustaining birds, it is merely<font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>satisfactory habitat that
does provide usable habitat for a few species,<font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'> </span></font>including one endangered one. We've seen
increases in SW willow<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>flycatchers
now in several locations where tamarisk is replaced by native<font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'> </span></font>willows. FYI, I've attached a recent
paper we did on the current<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>biocontrol
assessment program in the <st1:place w:st="on">Virgin River</st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Tom Dudley<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Marine Science Institute<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><b><font
size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:
bold'>University</span></font></b></st1:PlaceType><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'> of <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">California</st1:PlaceName></span></font></b></st1:place><b><font
size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:
bold'><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><b><font size=3
face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Santa
Barbara</span></font></b></st1:City><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>, <st1:State
w:st="on">CA</st1:State>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region></span></font></b></st1:place><b><font
size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:
bold'> 93106-6150<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>&<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Natural Resource & Environmental
Sciences<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>University</span></font></b></st1:PlaceType><b><font
size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:
bold'> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Nevada</st1:PlaceName>, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on">Reno</st1:City></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Office: Noble Hall 1128; Lab: Noble 1250<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Phone: 805-893-2911; Lab: 893-3057<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>tdudley@msi.ucsb.edu<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>http://rivrlab.msi.ucsb.edu/<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Holly Sletteland
[mailto:hslettel@calpoly.edu] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Friday, January 28, 2011
11:34 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">'Marc
Imlay'</st1:PersonName>; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [APWG] Exotics
species overhyped, according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>I subscribe to
Scientific American and was very dismayed to see that article. It takes a
highly anthropogenic view of invasive species, contending that we should only
worry about them if they cause harm to the economy or health and learn to live
with most everything else. He acknowledges that some species have proven
ecologically harmful, but downplays it, focusing instead on the supposed
exaggeration of environmental impacts. Scientific American is very widely
read. I would hope that someone with more impressive credentials than myself
would take him to task for this article in a letter to the editor.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org
[mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Marc Imlay<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, January 27, 2011 5:02
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b>
apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [APWG] Exotics
species overhyped, according to Feb.2011 SCI AMER article<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
font-weight:bold'>Regarding “</span></font></b><b><font face=Arial><span
lang=EN style='font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>the exotic plant is
considered a critical habitat for endangered bird species, such as the <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"><font
color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>southwestern willow flycatcher</span></font></a>
that nests in its branches.” so was the </span></font></b><b><font
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>native cottonwood
and willow trees replaced by the salt cedar critical habitat for the bird
(There was only one listed endangered bird species, not several as implied).
We have to replace the salt cedar that we remove with the original
natives. In this case one of the benefits of the native ecosystem was retained
by the exotic ecosystem but other benefits were lost. The biological control
can be released where the endangered bird is not present but only mechanical
and herbicidal control should be used where the endangered bird is surviving,
and only gradually while the native trees grow up and support the endangered
bird. The same phenomena occurred in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Hawaii</st1:place></st1:State> when the birds that endangered plants
depended upon became extinct (because of us). It became necessary to retain
non-native birds that the endangered plants need. We chose a less invasive
species of bird to retain that worked for the plants. <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;
line-height:12.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Regarding </span></font></b><b><font
face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>“There
have been thousands of nonnative species introduced in the <st1:country-region
w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region>," he says, "and they
have not caused one native species to go extinct.", <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:City> is incorrect. While it is true that
invasive plant species alone on the mainland have caused few extinctions the
same can be said for other causes. It is the cumulative impact that generally
causes extinction. Examination of endangered and extinct species has shown that
replacement by monocultures occurs over a significant portion of the ranges of
about 40% of endangered species. For example, in a paper by Sam
Fuller and myself, we did a field survey of the endangered mussel, Elliptio
waccamawensis, in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">North Carolina</st1:place></st1:State>
We found that the invasive Asiatic clam, Corbicula </span></font></b><b><font
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:-.15pt;font-weight:
bold'>manilensis</span></font></b><b><font face=Arial><span lang=EN
style='font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>, replaced the native mussels which
we found dead on the banks but only where the creeks were disturbed by the Army
Corps of Engineers. Where the Asiatic clam had not yet reached the disturbed
habitat the mussels survived. The Asiatic Clam was present, but in a much lower
density, in pristine unpolluted habitat and the mussels also survived. </span></font></b><b><font
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Fuller, S. L. H.
and M. J. Imlay. 1976. Spatial competition between Corbicula <br>
manilensis (Philippi), the Chinese clam (Corbiculidae), and the freshwater <span
style='letter-spacing:-.15pt'>mussels (Unionidae) in the <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Waccamaw</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">River basin</st1:PlaceType> of the <st1:place w:st="on">Carolinas</st1:place>
(Mollusca: Bivalvia). Association of Southeastern Biologists, Bulletin
23(2):60. <o:p></o:p></span></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;
line-height:12.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:-.15pt;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;
line-height:12.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:-.15pt;font-weight:bold'>[Abstract]<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in;
line-height:12.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:-.15pt;font-weight:bold'>
Dead mussel shells and abundant living Corbicula manilensis (Philippi, 1841)
were found below the confluence of the Waccamaw River with the intracoastal
Waterway (Horry County, South Carolina), where the river is profoundly
disturbed by human activities. Above this confluence, where the river is, in
general, little disturbed, mussels were found increasingly dominant over C.
manilensis, as samples were taken further upstream, until the latter
disappeared. C. manilensis reappeared in <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType>
<st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Waccamaw</st1:PlaceName> (<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on">Columbus County</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">North Carolina</st1:State></st1:place>),
but mussels persisted in apparently diminished numbers. The lake is almost
encircled by extant and potential land development, but its floor remains
negligibly damaged. It appears that C. manilensis does not (and perhaps cannot)
dominate indigenous bivalves in nearly or quite natural habitats, at least in
slowly moving, soft bottom Coastal Plain streams of the Atlantic drainage.
Corollarily, not to disturb aquatic habitats may be man's best defense against
domination of the benthos by C. manilensis. <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Arial;font-weight:bold'>Cheers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'>Marc
Imlay, PhD,</span></font></b><font color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'>Conservation
biologist, Park Ranger Office</span></font></b><font color=black><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'>(301)
442-5657 cell</span></font></b><font color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'><a
href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com" title="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></font></a> <a
href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" title="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a></span></font></b><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'>Natural
and Historical Resources Division</span></font></b><font color=black><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'>The <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Maryland-National</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Capital</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> and
Planning Commission</span></font></b><font color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'><a
href="http://www.pgparks.com" title="http://www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a></span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:30.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'> </span></font></b><b><font
face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Alien
Invasion? An Ecologist Doubts the Impact of <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:30.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Exotic Species<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.25pt;
margin-left:0in;line-height:18.0pt' id=articleDek><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span
lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Many
conservationists have dedicated their lives to eradicating invasive plant and
animal species, but Mark Davis wants them to reassess their missions<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=articleinfo1><span class=byline1><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span
lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>By <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=1575"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=1575"><font color=black><span
style='color:windowtext'>Brendan Borrell</span></font></a> </span></font></b></span><b><font
face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'> | <span
class=datestamp3><font face=Arial>August 14, 2009 |</font></span> <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic&page=2#comments#comments"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=alien-invasion-ecologist-doubts-exotic&page=2#comments#comments
comments on this article"><font
color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>43</span></font></a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:18.75pt;
line-height:18.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><br>
As Chew and his co-authors point out in the March issue of <a
href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122240688/abstract"
title="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122240688/abstract"><em><i><font
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;
font-style:normal;text-decoration:none'>Restoration Ecology</span></font></i></em></a>,
salt cedar was just a scapegoat in the <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=water"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=water"><font color=black><span
style='color:windowtext'>water</span></font></a> wars that have gripped the
Southwest. Today, many early claims have been refuted and the exotic plant is
considered a critical habitat for endangered bird species, such as the <a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"
title="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=biologists-arent-keeping-track-of-e-2009-05-27"><font
color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>southwestern willow flycatcher</span></font></a>
that nests in its branches.<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:18.75pt;
line-height:18.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>In his book <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:City> picks apart the claim that invasive
species are the second-leading cause of extinctions. He traces that meme back
to a 1998 paper by <st1:place w:st="on">Princeton</st1:place> ecologist <a
href="http://www.princeton.edu/step/people/faculty/david-wilcove/"
title="http://www.princeton.edu/step/people/faculty/david-wilcove/"><font
color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>David Wilcove</span></font></a> and
colleagues in the journal <em><i><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:
Arial;font-style:normal'>Bioscience</span></font></i></em>, which he derides
for being based on the "opinions" of field researchers. Moreover,
most species said to be imperiled by invaders were located in <st1:State w:st="on">Hawaii</st1:State>
and on other islands, not the mainland <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region>, where he is skeptical that
alien species can gain a foothold. "There have been thousands of nonnative
species introduced in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United
States</st1:place></st1:country-region>," he says, "and they have
not caused one native species to go extinct."<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:18.75pt;
line-height:18.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><br>
</span></font></b><b><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
font-weight:bold'>-----Original Message-----<br>
From: apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org [mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org]
On Behalf Of Craig Dremann - Redwood City Seed Company<br>
Sent: Tuesday, January 25, 2011 8:32 PM<br>
To: apwg@lists.plantconservation.org<br>
Subject: [APWG] Exotics species</span></font></b> <b><font face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>overhyped,according to Feb.2011 SCI
AMER article</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>February 2011 Scientific American article,
page 74-77 "A Friend to Aliens,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>by Brendan Borrell, an interview with Mark
Davis of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Macalester</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">College</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> in<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><b><font size=3
face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>St.
Paul</span></font></b></st1:City><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'> <st1:State w:st="on">MN</st1:State></span></font></b></st1:place><b><font
size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:
bold'>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Sincerely, Craig Dremann<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
</div>
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