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<DIV>Larry</DIV>
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<DIV>Larry Morse</DIV>
<DIV>Washington, D.C.</DIV>
<DIV><A href="mailto:larry.morse.dc@earthlink.net">larry.morse.dc@earthlink.net</A></DIV>
<DIV>(<A href="mailto:Larry.E.Morse@LEM-Natural-Diversity.com">Larry.E.Morse@LEM-Natural-Diversity.com</A>)</DIV>
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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt Arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A title=MALawler@aol.com href="mailto:MALawler@aol.com"></A></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To: </B><A title=ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com href="mailto:ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com">ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com</A>;<A title=tree_stewards@yahoogroups.com href="mailto:tree_stewards@yahoogroups.com">tree_stewards@yahoogroups.com</A></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> 10/29/2007 3:53:11 PM </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> [ma-eppc] Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Update</DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">The following note is from the Maryland Extension office's current IPM report.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></FONT></B> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Update – <ST1><ST1>Stanton</ST1></ST1> Gill<O></O></FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">I attended the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Research Conference in <ST1><ST1>Pittsburgh</ST1>, <ST1>PA</ST1></ST1> this week and<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">thought you would appreciate some of the information that was presented.<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Philip Bell, USDA APHIS, reported that EAB has been found in <ST1>Michigan</ST1>, <ST1>Maryland</ST1>, <ST1><ST1>Virginia</ST1></ST1>,<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><ST1>Ohio</ST1>, <ST1>Indiana</ST1>, <ST1>Illinois</ST1>, <ST1>Pennsylvania</ST1> and <ST1><ST1>West Virginia</ST1></ST1>. The find in <ST1><ST1>West Virginia</ST1></ST1> is very recent<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">(2007). Gina Davis, Michigan Department of Agriculture, also confirmed EAB in the Upper<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><ST1>Peninsula</ST1> of <ST1>Michigan</ST1> near the Canadian border in <ST1>Mackinac</ST1> <ST1>County</ST1>, <ST1><ST1>Brevort</ST1> <ST1>Township</ST1></ST1>. This is a<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">new area of spread in <ST1><ST1>Michigan</ST1></ST1>. In <ST1><ST1>Pennsylvania</ST1></ST1>, researchers believe the EAB has been in PA for<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">at least 7 years. S. E. Spichiger, PA Department of Agriculture, is working with Greg Hoover, PA<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><ST1><ST1>State</ST1> <ST1>University</ST1></ST1>, in developing an educational outreach program. PA Department of Agriculture<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">has hired 35 people for sampling in the state. Fifteen billboards have also been posted in PA on<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Emerald ash borer to increase public awareness.<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ken Marchant, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, reported on the EAB situation in <ST1><ST1>Ontario</ST1></ST1>. In<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><ST1><ST1>Canada</ST1></ST1> they created a firebreak to try to stop the spread of EAB, but unfortunately it failed. The<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">problem was that by the time they found infested areas, the emerald ash borer had already been<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">present for several years. <ST1><ST1>Canada</ST1></ST1> stopped cutting infested trees because they found it not to be cost<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">effective. Marchant said that once an ash tree is dead it will fall within 18 months, which creates a<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">liability problem for municipalities. Ash trees make up about 50% of the street trees in most cities<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">in <ST1><ST1>Ontario</ST1></ST1>. Merchant also noted that, with millions of street trees in <ST1><ST1>Ontario</ST1></ST1>, the potential for<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">spread and damage from EAB is very high. In <ST1><ST1>Canada</ST1></ST1> they are registering all wood mills, pallet<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">makers, and saw mills to prevent EAB from getting into processed wood.<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">A.A. Cosse, USDA, reported on the biology and behavior of the emerald ash borer. Cosse noted<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">that male EAB seem to locate females more readily when they are located in the sun, and do not<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">do well in shade. There are long-chained, heavy pheromone compounds on the cuticle of the<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">female. In the sun the pheromone volatilizes more and attracts the males. Once the male is close to<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">the female, he finds her visually. The shape of the beetle is what attracts the male to the female.<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Heat Treating Firewood to Kill EAB Larvae<O></O></FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Scott Myers, the Brighton Institute, has been doing work on investigating methods to kill emerald<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">ash borer larvae in firewood. He tested multiple temperatures, 50 °C – 65 °C (122 °F to 149 °F) at<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">15, 30, 45 and 60 minute intervals. He reports that heating firewood to 65 °C (149 °F) for 30<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">minutes provides a safe starting point that resulted in 100 % mortality in his studies. Scott feels<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">that firewood processors with large kilns and temperature probes could meet this required<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">temperature and treatment time fairly efficiently. This might have practical use for firewood<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">suppliers that are shipping to other states, but more research is needed. Small firewood processors<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Thank you to the <ST1><ST1>Maryland</ST1></ST1> Arborist Association, the Landscape Contractors Association of MD, D.C. and VA,<O></O></FONT></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Professional Grounds Management Society, <ST1><ST1>Maryland</ST1></ST1> Nursery and Landscape Association and FALCAN for your financial<O></O></FONT></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman"><I><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">support in making these weekly reports possible. </SPAN></I><I><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Photographs by Suzanne Klick, <ST1><ST1>Stanton</ST1></ST1> Gill or Shannon Wadkins<O></O></SPAN></I></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">unless otherwise noted.<O></O></FONT></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">The information given herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by<O></O></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Maryland Cooperative Extension is implied.<O></O></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">3<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">may find it impossible to accurately treat their firewood at a responsible cost. Kelli Hoover,PA<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><ST1><ST1>State</ST1> <ST1>University</ST1></ST1>, will be presenting at the January USDA Interagency Research Froum on Gypsy<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Moth and other Invasive Species in <ST1><ST1>Annapolis</ST1></ST1> on alternative methods of treating firewood.<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Notes on Ash<O></O></FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Plant breeders are looking for variation in ash seedlings. Since ash produce male and female trees,<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">there should be some variability out there. They are sampling seedlings from various parts of the<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">US to see if they can find genes for EAB resistance. White ash is considered an upland species and<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">the green ash is considered a lowland species. The black ash performs best in wetland areas.<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Chemical Control Research<O></O></FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Phillip Lewis, USDA APHIS, looked at aerial application of spinosad and found that it lasts about<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">7 days before the spore count drops down to very low levels. Dow Agro Chemical has developed<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">a synthetic form of spinosad called XDE-175. This synthetic spinosad lasts longer and is more<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">toxic to pests. In a trial that Lewis et. al conducted, they found that synthetic spinosad was<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">slightly more toxic to EAB. A mix of regular spinosad and synthetic spinosad XDE-175 extends<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">efficacy for up to 2 months. Lewis feels that spinosad has the potential to control EAB adults<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">when it is applied during their feeding stage.<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Deb McCullough, <ST1><ST1>Michigan</ST1> <ST1>State</ST1> <ST1>University</ST1></ST1>, reported that trunk sprays and trunk injections of<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">emamectin benzoate (Syngenta Company) gave 100% mortality. This product is not registered<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">with EPA. More work needs to be done with this product, and hopefully it will receive EPA<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">registration in a couple of years. In their trials, Safari applications worked well and Safari with<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Pentra Bark was slightly better.<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Nate Royalty, Bayer Company, and Dave Smitley, <ST1><ST1>Michigan</ST1> <ST1>State</ST1> <ST1>University</ST1></ST1>, are doing work on<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">rates of imidacloprid soil applications for different sized trees. They found that imidacloprid<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">worked on small trees, but did not give good control on large trees. They found that larger trees<O></O></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">require 8 – 12 weeks uptake the imidacloprid. Weakened trees do not uptake imidacloprid as well.<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><O></O></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P></DIV></FONT><BR><BR><BR>
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