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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Hough-Goldstein,
Judith [mailto:jhough@udel.edu] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, July 16, 2007 9:10
AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> ialm@erols.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com;
rreardon@fs.fed.us; elake@udel.edu<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Mle-a-minute biological
control</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Mark,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>With respect to your comment "Bio-control is having
mixed success according to reports", I just want to remind everyone that
this is only the third year the mile-a-minute weevils from China have been in the
field, and in fact the majority of the releases so far were done in 2006, with
a few in 2005 and very few in 2004. Most consisted of relatively few insects.
It is normal for it to take some time before anything definitive can be said
about the effectiveness of an agent - at least 3 years, and sometimes up
to 10 years. The insects take time to build up in numbers, and in some cases
they also need time to adapt to regional conditions. So far we know
that the weevils can establish in a variety of habitats, produce
multiple generations during the season, and disperse readily to new patches. As
to impact on the plant populations, time will tell.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Judy Hough-Goldstein</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>_______________________________</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Judy
Hough-Goldstein, Professor</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Dept.
Entomology & Wildlife Ecology</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><st1:Street
w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>531 South College Ave.</span></font></st1:address></st1:Street><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on"><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial'>University</span></font></st1:PlaceType><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Delaware</st1:PlaceName>,
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Newark</st1:City> <st1:State w:st="on">DE</st1:State>
<st1:PostalCode w:st="on">19716-2160</st1:PostalCode></st1:place></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><a
href="http://ag.udel.edu/enwc/research/biocontrol/index.htm">http://ag.udel.edu/enwc/research/biocontrol/index.htm</a><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Marc Imlay
[mailto:ialm@erols.com] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, June 26, 2007 9:34
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">'Aliens-L@indaba.iucn.org'</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Mile-A-Minute, Polygonum
perfoliatum</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Three of us used garden rakes
followed by hand pulling in Little <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Paint</st1:PlaceName>
<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><b><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Branch</span></font></b></st1:PlaceName><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></span></b></st1:place><b><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy;font-weight:bold'>, </span></font>Beltsville
MD<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>on June 22, 2007 and
removed 20% of <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>the massive 25’ by<font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>100’ patch of
Mile-Minute in an open area <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>in 2 hours. For example, the three
volunteers in 15 minutes used <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>the rakes very gently to remove about
80% of the Mile-a-Minute <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>in a 20’ x 20’ patch
about 50% invasive vine cover over 50% native <font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>cover including sensitive fern,
asters, sycamore and sweet gum <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>seedlings and Virginia creeper. The
herbaceous natives were not <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>damaged and it was then easy enough
to hand pull the remainder in <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>30 minutes. When we tried to pull
very<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>hard at another
spot<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'>,</span></font> native <font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>plants, including a virgin creeper,
were damaged. Hand pulling alone <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>would have been seen as hopeless and
herbicides would have <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>damaged the natives. Bio-control is
having mixed success according <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>to reports. Cheers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Marc Imlay<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Laura Malick<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Mike Breen <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold'>Marc
Imlay, PhD<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold'>Conservation
biologist, Anacostia Watershed Society<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold'>(301-699-6204,
301-283-0808 301-442-5657 cell)<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold'>Board
member of the Mid-Atlantic Exotic <st1:place w:st="on">Pest</st1:place> Plant
Council,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold'>Hui o
Laka at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Kokee State Park</st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">Hawaii</st1:State></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold'>Vice
president of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State></st1:place>
Native Plant Society,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold'>Chair
of the Biodiversity and Habitat Stewardship Committee<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold'>for the
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State></st1:place>
Chapter of the Sierra Club<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
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