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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
14.0pt'>Hi folks,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=style13><b><font size=4 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;
font-weight:normal'>Your readers can go to <a href="http://www.anacostiaws.org/"><font
color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>www.anacostiaws.org</span></font></a>
and click on programs <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=style13><b><font size=4 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;
font-weight:normal'>then click on</span></font></b><font size=2 color=navy><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'> </span></font><a name=plantremoval></a><font
color="#9933cc"><span style='color:#9933CC'><a
href="http://www.anacostiaws.org/Programs/Resotration/Invasives/plantremoval.html"><font
size=3 color="#9933cc"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-variant:small-caps;
color:#9933CC'>Non-Native Plant Removal</span></font></a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=style13><b><font size=4 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;
font-weight:normal'>for</span></font></b><font color="#9933cc"><span
style='color:#9933CC'> </span></font>A Report on the Progress of Invasive Plant
Control Program at AWS<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on"><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Maryland</span></font></b></st1:State></st1:place><b><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:
bold'> Native Plant Society, Anacostia Watershed Society and Sierra Club
Habitat Stewardship Committee Report for 2006</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
14.0pt'>Marc<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabIndex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Marc
Imlay [mailto:<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ialm@erols.com</st1:PersonName>]<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Sun 1/14/2007 9:10 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> ficmnew<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [ficmnew] Habitat
Stewardship 2006 for MNPS, AWS and Sierra Club</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on"><font size=4
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Maryland</span></font></st1:State></st1:place><font
size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
Native Plant Society, Anacostia Watershed Society and Sierra Club <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Habitat Stewardship
Committee Report for 2006<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Non-native invasive
species of plants such as English Ivy, Japanese Stiltgrass <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Kudzu are covering
the natural areas that we in the conservation movement <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>have worked so hard to
protect from habitat destruction, erosion and water <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>pollution. Just as
we are making progress on wetlands, stream bank stabilization, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and endangered species,
these plants from other parts of the world have typically <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>covered 20-90% of the surface
area of our forests, streams and meadows. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Many of us feel
demoralized and powerless to combat these invaders that <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>have few natural
herbivores or other controls.<br>
<br>
The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State></st1:place>
Native Plant Society, Anacostia Watershed Society and Sierra Club <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>are establishing a
program to provide local groups and public and private <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>landowners with several
models to draw upon in the region. We are assisting in <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>developing a major work
effort (three to five years) at each site to remove massive <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>populations of about a
dozen species. Regular stewardship projects are conducted <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>in all seasons including
winter, early spring, late spring, summer, and late summer. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>This high-intensity
program is followed by a low-intensity annual maintenance <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>program to eliminate
plants we have missed, plants emerging from the seed bank, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and occasional plants
migrating in from neighboring areas. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Attachment A announces
regular monthly projects at over 40 sites in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State
w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State></st1:place> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>almost all of which were
initially started as a result of on-the-ground workshops <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>conducted by current
MNPS members in <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Charles</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">County</st1:PlaceName> and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Montgomery</st1:PlaceName></st1:City></st1:place> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>County. The Nature
Conservancy has also conducted projects on natural areas <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>for many years.
MNPS and the Sierra Club sponsor the monthly projects at <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><font size=4
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Chapman</span></font></st1:PlaceName><font
size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Forest</st1:PlaceType> (800 acres), <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Swann</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
(200 acres) and <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Greenbelt</st1:PlaceName> National <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Park (1.5 square
miles). They co-sponsor Little Paint Branch Park (150 acres) <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Cherry Hill</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Road</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Community</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
(15 acres) removals in Beltsville and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><font
size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Magruder</span></font></st1:PlaceName><font
size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></span></font></st1:place><font
size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
in Hyattsville MD (15 acres) with the Anacostia Watershed <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Society and provide
considerable assistance to the other projects. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>These sites serve as a
visible example of what can be accomplished. MNPS <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>with <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Montgomery</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">County</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
and Prince Georges County MNCPPC, Sierra Club <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Anacostia Watershed
Society developed signs, announcements, flyers, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>safety and plant
identification handouts, sign in sheets and evaluation forms <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(attachment B). A
summary of AWS generated invasive plant control progress <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>in 2006 (attachment C) is
in chronological order where AWS engaged a total <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>of 1082 volunteers at 12
selected parks including one native plant restoration <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>site. <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Swann</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType>
had 99 volunteers and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Chapman</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Forest</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> had 78 volunteers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The biggest challenge is
to ensure that in subsequent years all the successful <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>projects are carried on
by responsible entities. Our advice to others considering <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>similar projects are to
recognize that restoration of our native ecosystem is <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>realistic but
requires an appropriate level of work effort.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Many of us have done
extensive surveys of this area and find that at least 80% <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>of the natural areas are
salvageable with a combination of mechanical and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>carefully targeted
chemical control and no requirement for re-vegetation. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The natives return on
their own since they initially covered the majority of <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>the surface area. We
remove all the class 1 and class 2 exotic species, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>typically 5-20 species,
because otherwise if you just eradicate one exotic <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>another one may
replace the one removed.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Our policy is to use
carefully targeted, biodegradable herbicides in natural areas, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>such as glyphosate and
triclopyr, that do not migrate through the soil to other <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>plants. Instead of
spraying invasive trees such as <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Ailanthus</st1:City>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Norway</st1:country-region></st1:place> Maple, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Chinese Privet we
inject concentrated herbicide into the tree either by <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>basal bark, hack and
squirt or cut stump. Seedlings are easy to hand pull. We <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>wait for wet soil after
a rain to hand pull, first loosening with a garden tool such <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>as a 4 prong spading
fork so the center of the plant rises perceptively. At the <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>200 acre <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Swann</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>,
where we are essentially in maintenance phase after 5 <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>years, 17 of the 19
non-native species are eradicated or nearly so. Only Japanese <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Stiltgrass and Garlic
Mustard remain serious.<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>Attachment
D.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>All the methods,
techniques and/or findings of these projects can be used <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>where the initial cover
of non-native invasive species is less than 30% of the <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>total plant cover and
adequately where under 70% cover. At higher percent <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>coverage the chemical
component is more overwhelming and native plant <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>re-vegetation may be
necessary with native species that are not cultivars and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>are obtained from the
wild or from nursery stocks originally collected locally <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>in the wild. There are
several well researched species mixes that include 12-16 <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>herbaceous and shrub
species including nitrogen fixers. Attachment E <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>summarizes the status of
native plant restoration at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Woodworth</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Over 120 professionals
and volunteers participated in The Demolition Derby <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Field Session of the
WEED BUSTERS Invasive Plant Workshop at Frelinghuysen <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Arboretum, <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Morristown</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">New
Jersey</st1:State></st1:place>, August 9, 2006 which provided practical <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>experience with sites
where it is best to use mechanical control and sites where <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>it is efficacious to
employ chemical control of Japanese Stiltgrass, Wineberry, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Garlic Mustard, Oriental
Bittersweet, Multiflora Rose, Japanese Barberry, and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Tree of Heaven.
Other invasive species include Porcelain-berry, Mile-a-Minute <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Japanese Knotweed.
My presentation was How Our Monthly Invasive Plant <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Removal Project Restored
Habitats in 40+ <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State></st1:place>
Sites”. This non-native <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>invasive plant removal
reaches maintenance phase following major work efforts <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>at each site through a 5
year long combination of mechanical and carefully <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>targeted chemical
control.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Carole F. Bergmann
serves as Forest Ecologist/Field Botanist for the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State
w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State></st1:place> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><font size=4
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>National</span></font></st1:PlaceName><font
size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
<st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Capital</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType>
& Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Montgomery</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">County</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>,
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>MD and presented
Mobilizing Citizens to Battle Invasives in a <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Large</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">County</st1:PlaceType>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>System” Learn from
our 8 years of experience of reaching out to educate, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>encourage and train 480
citizen volunteers to direct their time and effort towards <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>forest stewardship as
WEED WARRIORS<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Following is my original
exploration to a broad audience about the pros and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>cons of combining true
prairie and native meadow restoration with alternative <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>energy. This was
followed up by a productive discussion this Fall (attachment F): <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>-----Original
Message-----<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>At the meeting today we
talked about the need for ecological research on growing <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>native American Switch
Grass as both a bio-fuel and component of prairie and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>meadow restoration. We
at the Anacostia Watershed Society are planning to <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>grow Switch Grass along
the banks of the Anacostia as a component of restoration <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and may be able to
contribute to the research.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The following article by
Danielle Murray, Earth Policy Institute, advocates <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>environmentally
responsible sources of biomass energy. In particular she notes that <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>"One likely
candidate is Switch Grass, a tall perennial grass used by farmers to <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>protect land from
erosion. It requires minimal irrigation, fertilizer, or herbicides <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>but yields 2-3 times
more ethanol per acre than corn does."<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Research is urgent to determine
if switch grass is a practicable source of bio-fuel <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>when harvested from
native prairie and meadow restoration. It is great as a crop <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>but if it is also good
when harvested as a dominate component of native ecosystem <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>restoration we would
have an environmental benefit as well as an alternative energy <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>benefit. Native prairie
restoration would get a much needed boost across millions <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>of acres in vast areas
of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region></st1:place>
that were natural prairies in pre-colonial <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>times.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Fortunately the research
just takes a few years unlike forest restoration research. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Research will probably
yield good results but is still necessary for us to be sure.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Maintenance of these
open ecosystems is carried out by a mosaic pattern of fire <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and/or grazing that follows
the natural pattern of fire and grazing by bison and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>other grazers.
Maintenance mowing is done once a year in mid or late summer <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>about one foot above
ground. Switch grass is a dominant component of native <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>American prairie and
meadow species along with Indian Grass, Joe-pye Weed <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Bluestem.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>It would be great to
have your opinion on the status of research on this issue and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>what we should advocate.
Could you also forward this to researchers with the <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on"><font size=4
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Kansas</span></font></st1:State></st1:place><font
size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
restoration project. Cheers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Marc Imlay, PhD <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Conservation biologist,
Anacostia Watershed Society <br>
(301-699-6204, 301-283-0808) <br>
Board member of the Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, <br>
Hui o Laka at Kokee State Park, Hawaii <br>
Vice president of the Maryland Native Plant Society, <br>
Chair of the Biodiversity and Habitat Stewardship Committee <br>
for the Maryland Chapter of the Sierra Club.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Thanks again everyone!
Marc<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Remember our five year
goal: It is considered standard that such invasive plant <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>removal projects are
normally done throughout the region, the nation, and the world.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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