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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>For the annual
conference of the Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council at <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font size=4
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Philadelphia</span></font></st1:City><font
size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,
<st1:State w:st="on">PA</st1:State></span></font></st1:place><font size=4
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,
next summer in 2007 I am assisting in a<font color=navy><span style='color:
navy'> </span></font>presentation <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>on the interaction of
non-native invasive plant removal and deer control. With <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>the extirpation of the
cougar and wolf predators at most sites and limited <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>predation by coyotes, it
is essential to have managed hunts to reduce deer to <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>10-20 per square mile. I
am soliciting research findings specifically for areas <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>where invasive plants
are being removed and deer are not being controlled. It <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>has been suggested by
deer managers that certain species of non-native invasive <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>plants, such as Japanese
honeysuckle that deer eat, and other non-native invasive <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>plants that deer avoid
such as Japanese Stiltgrass, should only be partially <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>controlled so the deer
can not find, or so that the deer<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>avoid
the native plants. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Are there any actual
research findings available on the effect on native plants<font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>of partial control of
specific species of invasive plants, as opposed to no <font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>control or complete
control in areas where deer densities are documented to <font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>be, say, 30 per square
mile or greater? Deer density is often measured in <font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>various ways such as by
noting the presence or absence of greenbrier leaves <font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>at the browse level as
well as by aerial photography. Is there a threshold <font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>level of deer density
below which invasive plant managers do not have to <font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>be concerned with deer
issues? <font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font>Cheers<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Marc Imlay, PhD <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Conservation biologist,
Anacostia Watershed Society <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(301-699-6204,
301-283-0808 301-442-5657 cell)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Board member of the
Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Hui o Laka at <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Kokee State Park</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Hawaii</st1:State></st1:place>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Vice president of the
Maryland Native Plant Society, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Chair of the Biodiversity
and Habitat Stewardship Committee <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>for the <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State></st1:place> Chapter of the
Sierra Club <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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