<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><o:SmartTagType
namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PlaceName"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PostalCode"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="City" downloadurl="http://www.5iamas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="State" downloadurl="http://www.5iamas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="place" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"/>
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
tt
{font-family:"Courier New";}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:Arial;
color:navy;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1492452686;
mso-list-template-ids:2024598010;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
mso-level-tab-stop:.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;}
@list l0:level1 lfo2
{mso-level-start-at:0;
mso-level-numbering:continue;
mso-level-text:\F0A7;
mso-level-tab-stop:.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Wingdings;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Beefsteak plant, Perilla frutescens, is
spreading rapidly. Since “This plant contains <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>a ketone that may cause a lethal
respiratory disease if eaten by cattle. The essential <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>oil is used to flavor foods in the Orient,
a possibly dangerous practice. See Science <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>5 Aug. 1977.” *, would it kill deer
or would they avoid it?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Marc<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> Marc Imlay, PhD<br>
Conservation biologist, Anacostia Watershed Society<br>
(301-699-6204, 301-283-0808 301-442-5657 cell)<br>
Board member of the Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council,<br>
Hui o Laka at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Kokee State Park</st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">Hawaii</st1:State></st1:place><br>
Vice president of the Maryland Native Plant Society,<br>
Chair of the Biodiversity and Habitat Stewardship Committee<br>
for the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State></st1:place> Chapter of the Sierra Club.<br>
<br>
</span></font><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>*Brown and Brown, Herbaceous Plants of <st1:State
w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State>, 1984, The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Book</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Center</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>,
University <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>of <st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State>,
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">College Park</st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">MD</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">20742</st1:PostalCode></st1:place>,
(The Department of Botany)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com
[mailto:ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of
</span></b>Michael Van Clef<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, August 16, 2006
7:56 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> sue_salmons@nps.gov<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> forestruss@aol.com;
ficmnew@mail.afpmb.org; jrandall@unc.edu; ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [ma-eppc]
Microstegium control in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">West Virginia</st1:place></st1:State>.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>To be fair to Paul, he did tell me
about these issues and was only using the compound in upland areas where there
was significant native vegetation (i.e. stiltgrass still in definable patches
and intermixed with desirable species). The relative 'nastiness' of the
compound prompted him to try it at half the label concentration. <br>
<br>
The prevalence of stiltgrass in wetlands does present a significant herbicide
problem though. Is there a grass-specific that is approved for wetlands
(how about the ones mentioned by Bruce)? <br>
<br>
>From the peanut gallery --- I would have concerns about applying ANY
herbicide in areas where stiltgrass covers 100's of acres when it is
apparent that deer are having profound impacts on the native shrub
layer (I often find badly browsed shrubs sticking up out of stiltgrass
infestations). Aggressive hunting/culling is the medium and
long term goal. Some hunters are a little rough around the edges, but all
are less toxic than Assure or even Round Up!<br>
<br>
-Mike Van Clef <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center id=stopSpelling>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
To: mvanclef@hotmail.com<br>
CC: forestruss@aol.com; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org;
ficmnew@mail.afpmb.org; jrandall@unc.edu; "Marc Imlay"@nps.gov;
ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com<br>
From: sue_salmons@nps.gov<br>
Date: Tue, 15 Aug 2006 16:01:12 -0400<br>
Subject: RE: [ma-eppc] Microstegium control in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">West Virginia</st1:place></st1:State>.<br>
<br>
This sounds very impressive, until ,you read the Material Safety Data Sheet<br>
and Label. It is moderately toxic to many animals, can be harmful to<br>
humans in several ways, and is toxic to aquatic organisms. So it can't be<br>
used on floodplains or anywhere near open water or wet soils. Most of the<br>
stilt grass I deal with in the mid-Atlantic is on floodplains. It moves<br>
into upland areas readily, of course, but starts in wet areas.<br>
A consideration....<br>
SueS<br>
<br>
Sue Salmons<br>
Liaison - Exotic Plant Management Team<br>
National Capital Region<br>
202-342-1443 ext. 217<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
"Michael Van <br>
Clef" To: "Johnny Randall" <jrandall@unc.edu>; "Marc Imlay" <ialm@erols.com> <br>
<mvanclef@hotmail cc: forestruss@aol.com; apwg@lists.plantconservation.org; "'ficmnew'" <br>
.com> <ficmnew@mail.afpmb.org>; ma-eppc@yahoogroups.com, (bcc: Sue Salmons/NCR/NPS) <br>
Sent by: Subject: RE: [ma-eppc] Microstegium control in West Virginia. <br>
ma-eppc@yahoogrou <br>
ps.com <br>
<br>
<br>
08/15/2006 02:58 <br>
PM AST <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
The following is a stiltgrass control method developed by Paul Brangs, The<br>
Nature Conservancy of New Jersey (the specificity of the kill was quite<br>
remarkable):<br>
<br>
Product: Assure II<br>
Concentrations (comes in concentrated form and has no surfactants):<br>
standard concentration (0.5 oz/gal water), half concentration (0.25<br>
oz/gal).<br>
Surfactant: non-ionic surfactant in the recommended concentration (0.3<br>
oz/gal).<br>
<br>
I found that they both killed virtually 100% of the stilt grass, the lower<br>
concentration just killed it more slowly. I sprayed heavily (with<br>
dripping). It did not kill broadleaf, ferns, sedges and even some other<br>
grasses. All this was just from casual looks as I checked the treatments,<br>
not from any detailed study.<br>
<br>
Also note that there is a direct relationship between deer over browse and<br>
stiltgrass abundance. A couple of deer exclosures at Jockey Hollow<br>
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">National</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Historic</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Park</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> are located within oceans of stiltgrass that stop<br>
dead in their tracks upon reaching exclosures containing a dense shrub<br>
layer, which indicates that stiltgrass cannot tolerate very deep shade.<br>
Would love to hear if anyone else is seeing a similar pattern across the<br>
mid-Atlantic!<br>
<br>
Although it is a long-term stiltgrass control method, reducing deer<br>
populations to achieve overall 'forest health' (e.g. native shrub layer,<br>
advance tree regeneration,etc.) should be the goal.<br>
<br>
-Mike Van Clef<br>
Ecological Solutions, LLC<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2
color="#909090" face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:#909090'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<font color=white><span style='color:white'><!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->__,_._,___</span></font>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>