From rwc-seed at batnet.com Wed Aug 14 08:03:52 2024 From: rwc-seed at batnet.com (rwc-seed at batnet.com) Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2024 13:03:52 -0000 Subject: [APWG] GETTING RID of 100 million acres of CHEATGRASS in six months, only soil tests, local native ecotype seeds, organic fertilizers and mulch, nothing else In-Reply-To: <1721623535.h3uu3rv1ycscg0os@webmail.sitestar.net> References: <1721623535.h3uu3rv1ycscg0os@webmail.sitestar.net> Message-ID: <1723640571.bxcawyn6ok84skkc@webmail.sitestar.net> Dear APWG, In 1993, when needing to replant a 100-mile section of the Tuscarora gas pipeline through BLM lands north of Reno in cheatgrass infested sagebrush, it took us two years and planting a couple hundred?of 1 x 2 meter test plots, to figure our that the allelochemicals produced by the local native ecotype seedlings could kill and keep the cheatgrass seeds in the soil from ever sprouting in the future. SOIL TESTS critical--The $32 Waypoint Anaheim A-01 ("data only in a bar graph format") and Organic matter tests $16 from the top two inches of soil, are taken from at least two locations.? ?The first is your cheatgrass?site, and second is in the same soil somewhere nearby, getting the "soil nutrient thresholds" for the desirable native plants you want to replace the cheatgrass?with.? Then, bring the cheatgrass soil 50% above the desirable plant levels, which are usually too low in nitrogen and phosphorus, but sometimes calcium is an issue too.? And the percentage of organic matter in the top two inches is always too low. And if you apply the fertilizers and mulch in October, then by May or June, you should see 100% native cover and zero cheatgrass.? And once you have that 100% cover, it can remain 95% or more cover for the next 30 years if you do not allow cows and sheep?to hammer the planting too much during droughts. KEY POINTS--"Craig's Seven RULES to get rid of cheatgrass in SIX?months" 1.) Soil tests to establish each native species critical "Soil Nutrient Threshold". 2.) Always sow your species as individuals, never in native seed mixes, always mosaics. 3.) Starting today, NEVER sow another pound of exotics or add any exotics to any planting. 4.) ALWAYS keep doing your test plots until you achieve 100% native cover in six months.? Anything less, and you have not produced a healthy grassland patient, as a Grassland Land Doctor. 5.) Check for native seed granivores by putting out cupcake tins filled with the different native seeds you are going to sow in your test plots.? If eaten then you must do something to hide the scent of those seeds.? 6.) Start?work in an area where a fire has gone through a stand of cheatgrass.? Or if that does not exist locally, create that type of site.? The fire will have eliminated the allelochemicals in the cheatgrass straw, and your native seedlings will add their own allelochemicals much easier, to suppress and kill the cheatgrass seeds in the soil. 7.) Ignore everything you have ever read or heard about how cheatgrass is invasive, because it is not.? It only grow in soils where there are one or more conditions-- a.) The native grasses and wildflowers have holes in their canopy and bare soil spots and the cheatgrass takes advantage of "nobody home" to fill that vacancy.?? b.) Soil nutrients are too low for native seedling survival and/or c.) Ranchers are still feeding native grasses to cows and sheep, instead of?allowing the native grasses and locoweeds and other wildflowers?to grow and selling carbon credits to the states which need?their electricity to be Carbon Neutral by a certain date.? d,) Zombies--The low soil organic matter and nutrient levels are so low, that the native seedlings do not survive.? Check if your native grass stands are only old plants and not reproducing--their have been "Zombized" and will age out and you will lose that entire grassland component over time. Unless there is an economic incentive for converting the 100 million acres of cheatgrass back to native cover, there will be no money to do that project.? Ranchers currently only take home $1 per acre per inch of rainfall currently, whereas the Carbon Credit value of Great Basin grasslands could be 5-10 times that much.? Most of the Western States have?the desire to become Carbon Neutral by a certain date for its electricity, and the only way that will work, is to purchase Carbon Credits from their own state's ranchers, who have converted from feeding the native grasses to animals, to replanting those native grasses and selling Carbon Credits instead. Anyone can visit my preserved test plot site along US 395 at the Junction of Ramhorn Road, preserved as a Natural Study Area by BLM located at Post Mile 100.00 in Lassen County.? See photos at https://www.ecoseeds.com/greatbasin.html.?? We now have the tools to convert the entire 100 million acres of cheatgrass in the Great Basin, back to fire-safe native grasses and forbs.? And that way, we would not need to keep chaining junipers and pinyon pines, because the Greater and Gunnison Sage grouse and Mule Deer would have all the habitat they?needs to increase their?numbers. And this same method could be utilized for the other bird like the Lesser Prairie Chicken in Texas, NM and Kansas, so their could recover too. All of the Great Basin Grassland Land Doctors, who do not want to see another cheatgrass fire, this fall need to get started on their 1 x 2 meter test plots, and send in their Waypoint Lab soil tests with the form at https://www.ecoseeds.com/soiltest-A01-2024,pdf --Let's get the "Great Basin Cheatgrass conversion Party" started in 2024? Sincerely, Craig Carlton Dremann CELL (650) 441-9323 The Reveg Edge, P.O. Box 361, Redwood City, CA 94064 ? -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From ialm at erols.com Sat Aug 3 16:31:12 2024 From: ialm at erols.com (Marc Imlay) Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2024 21:31:12 -0000 Subject: [APWG] FW: [Maipc-brd] [External Email]RE: Update perilla mint biocontrol In-Reply-To: <030301dae5e8$56937a50$03ba6ef0$@gmail.com> References: <224301da61ac$f588bfa0$e09a3ee0$@erols.com> <1114632103.3711477.1708180136794@mail.yahoo.com> <023701dacfe2$1359c620$3a0d5260$@erols.com> <11e801dad249$12433190$36c994b0$@gmail.com> <030301dae5e8$56937a50$03ba6ef0$@gmail.com> Message-ID: <032d01dae5ec$5eafe800$1c0fb800$@erols.com> Fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum shisoi identified as a potential biological control agent of invasive Perilla frutescens in the United States: Biocontrol Science and Technology: Vol 34 , No 4 - Get Access (tandfonline.com) ABSTRACT Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, an annual plant in the mint family, is considered invasive in the United States where it excludes native vegetation in natural areas and can cause respiratory illness in livestock. An effective biological control agent would improve perilla management, but none have been developed or proposed. This study investigated the biocontrol potential of a fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum shisoi, recently found infecting perilla in North America. The growth rates and morphology of seven Colletotrichum shisoi isolates were recorded. A virulence assay was performed on two perilla accessions, and the number and size of foliar lesions produced were used to select a single isolate, Colletotrichum shisoi isolate 21-072, exhibiting consistently high virulence for further evaluation of biocontrol efficacy and host specificity. Treatment with 0.5?mL of 1???107 spores/mL H2O caused a 52% reduction in shoot height and 84% reduction in root length of invasive perilla seedlings compared to a control treatment (P?50% plant mortality from 48 to 24?h, but oil emulsions exhibited a mild phytotoxic effect on seedlings. Four additional perilla accessions were susceptible to C. shisoi, and none of 34 other species included in host range experiments developed disease symptoms following inoculation. These results suggest C. shisoi 21-072 could be an effective antagonist of perilla and likely poses a low risk of non-target impacts. KEYWORDS: * Invasive * weed * pathogen * fungus * perilla * Colletotrichum Acknowledgements The preparation of this manuscript was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service through Project 8044-33000-047-000-D. The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any official USDA or U.S. Government determination or policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Pathogen isolates were collected from the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park under permit CHOH-2021-SCI-0023 and in collaboration with A. Landsman and L. Strickler. Data availability Data and computer software code used in the preparation of this manuscript will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Additional information Funding The preparation of this manuscript was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service through Project 8044-33000-047-000-D. From: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com > Sent: Tuesday, July 09, 2024 5:44 PM To: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com ; 'MAIPC Board' >; 'apwg' >; 'Lily Fountain' >; 'michael wilpers' > Subject: FW: [External Email]RE: Update perilla mint biocontrol From: Fulcher, Michael - REE-ARS > Sent: Tuesday, July 09, 2024 1:03 PM To: Tancos, Matthew - REE-ARS >; Marc Imlay >; 'Jil Swearingen' > Cc: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com Subject: Re: [External Email]RE: Update Hi Marc, Taking this opportunity to provide an update on perilla mint biocontrol ? We have been working with the National Park Service to find additional release and evaluation field sites in our region. The fungal pathogen Colletotrichum shisoi has been redistributed to several locations where it was previously absent, and we are in our second year of field trials. Last year we confirmed that the pathogen can effectively control perilla in small plots under favorable conditions. This year we are evaluating two different release timings, comparing the agent's efficacy to hand removal, and measuring the distance of pathogen spread after initial release. Attaching two recent scientific publications on this agent for your reference. Best, Mike Michael R. Fulcher, PhD Research Plant Pathologist USDA-ARS-NEA Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit 1301 Ditto Ave. Ft. Detrick, MD 21702 Tel: 301-619-2343 Fax: 301-619-2880 ADVANCE NOTICE OF LEAVE: _____ From: Tancos, Matthew - REE-ARS > Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2024 12:03 PM To: Marc Imlay >; 'Jil Swearingen' > Cc: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com >; Fulcher, Michael - REE-ARS > Subject: Re: [External Email]RE: Update Hi Marc, TAG approval is only required for foreign agents. Domestic ones do not require TAG approval. We require APHIS approval to move native pathogens and perform field trials, but EPA approval would be required to distribute the native pathogen on a wider basis (biopesticide registration). We do not have any foreign pathogens targeting East coast/Mid-Atlantic weeds with TAG at the moment. We have foreign pathogens that we recently received (this summer) that target Mid-Atlantic weeds, but they still need to be characterized and tested for host specificity before TAG submission (several years). Foreign pathogens at the TAG stage are currently targeting rangeland weeds in the western U.S. However, Mike Fulcher is performing field trials on his domestic Colletotrichum shisoi pathogen of perilla mint in Maryland, Virginia, and D.C.. Hope all is well! best, Matt Matthew A. Tancos, PhD. Research Plant Pathologist USDA-ARS-NEA Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit 1301 Ditto Avenue Fort Detrick, MD 21702 Tel: 301-619-7386 Fax: 301-619-2880 ADVANCE NOTICE OF LEAVE: _____ From: Marc Imlay > Sent: Saturday, July 6, 2024 4:21 PM To: Tancos, Matthew - REE-ARS >; 'Jil Swearingen' > Cc: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com > Subject: [External Email]RE: Update [External Email] If this message comes from an unexpected sender or references a vague/unexpected topic; Use caution before clicking links or opening attachments. Please send any concerns or suspicious messages to: Spam.Abuse at usda.gov So what biocontrols is the TAG considering now for invasives near us? Wild Marc Virus-free. www.avast.com This electronic message contains information generated by the USDA solely for the intended recipients. Any unauthorized interception of this message or the use or disclosure of the information it contains may violate the law and subject the violator to civil or criminal penalties. If you believe you have received this message in error, please notify the sender and delete the email immediately. -- This email has been checked for viruses by Avast antivirus software. www.avast.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- _______________________________________________ Maipc-brd mailing list Maipc-brd at lists.maipc.org http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-brd-maipc.org From ialm at erols.com Sat Aug 3 17:54:43 2024 From: ialm at erols.com (Marc Imlay) Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2024 22:54:43 -0000 Subject: [APWG] Action In-Reply-To: <030301dae5e8$56937a50$03ba6ef0$@gmail.com> References: <224301da61ac$f588bfa0$e09a3ee0$@erols.com> <1114632103.3711477.1708180136794@mail.yahoo.com> <023701dacfe2$1359c620$3a0d5260$@erols.com> <11e801dad249$12433190$36c994b0$@gmail.com> <030301dae5e8$56937a50$03ba6ef0$@gmail.com> Message-ID: <03ba01dae5f8$05e31830$11a94890$@erols.com> Invasive Species of the Month: Lesser Celandine (Fig Buttercup) There are currently no biological controls approved for this species, so more research must be done in order to develop working forms. One action you can take is to request that your federal legislators allocate funding for a pathogen quarantine facility for research on effective, host-specific, biological control of Lesser Celandine. May 1, 2019 (From Wikimedia Commons) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lesser_celandine_im.JPG We have been working hard to remove the invasive plant, Lesser Celandine, from parks near the College Park Sierra Club office, including Magruder Woods, Cherry Hill Park, and Little Paint Branch Park. Local community service volunteers, our stewardship intern, and park rangers have been hand-removing these plants with shovels to get the bulbs out. Anatomy of Lesser Celandine Lesser Celandine, Ranunculus ficaria L., also known as Fig Buttercup, is an herbaceous, flowering, perennial plant native to Europe. It was brought to the United States as an ornamental plant. It can be identified by its glossy, dark green, kidney-shaped leaves with its bright yellow flowers blooming in early spring. It spreads using its finger-like tuberous roots and blooms from March through April. Caltha palustris, a.k.a. Marsh marigold, is a native plant that looks very similar to Lesser Celandine. This look-alike tends to grow in much wetter, marshy habitats, and forms in clumps rather than spreading out across the ground. Another way to tell the two apart is that Lesser Celandine typically has 7-12 petals, while Marsh Marigold has 5-9. Be sure that the plant you are looking at is indeed Lesser Celandine before attempting to remove it. Marsh Marigold, a native look-alike to Lesser Celandine Lesser Celandine is invasive in 22 states and parts of Canada. It arrives early in the spring, spreading out over the ground, creating a thick carpet, making it virtually impossible for native understory plants to grow and survive there. Native wildflowers are particularly negatively impacted by this invasive species. Lesser Celandine prefers partially shaded areas, but is capable of growing in direct sunlight if it has adequate soil moisture. Map of Lesser Celandine?s invasive range in the United States and Canada >From https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RAFI It can easily escape from private plantings and grow quickly in the wild. Management can be difficult because of the bulbous nature of the plant?s root system. Manual control can lead to bulb fragments being left behind, causing reinfestation. If you are removing plants manually, be sure to put all parts of the plant in a sealed bag and do not attempt to compost it, as this will cause it to continue to spread. Chemical control is possible if timed properly and applied correctly. However, some herbicides are non-selective in nature which can lead non-target species being negatively affected. There are currently no biological controls approved for this species, so more research must be done in order to develop working forms. One action you can take is to request that your federal legislators allocate funding for a pathogen quarantine facility for research on effective, host-specific, biological control of Lesser Celandine. From: Maipc-brd On Behalf Of wildmarcimlay at gmail.com Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2024 5:02 PM To: 'MAIPC Board' ; 'apwg' ; 'Lily Fountain' ; 'michael wilpers' Subject: Re: [Maipc-brd] [External Email]RE: Update perilla mint biocontrol Fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum shisoi identified as a potential biological control agent of invasive Perilla frutescens in the United States: Biocontrol Science and Technology: Vol 34 , No 4 - Get Access (tandfonline.com) ABSTRACT Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, an annual plant in the mint family, is considered invasive in the United States where it excludes native vegetation in natural areas and can cause respiratory illness in livestock. An effective biological control agent would improve perilla management, but none have been developed or proposed. This study investigated the biocontrol potential of a fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum shisoi, recently found infecting perilla in North America. The growth rates and morphology of seven Colletotrichum shisoi isolates were recorded. A virulence assay was performed on two perilla accessions, and the number and size of foliar lesions produced were used to select a single isolate, Colletotrichum shisoi isolate 21-072, exhibiting consistently high virulence for further evaluation of biocontrol efficacy and host specificity. Treatment with 0.5?mL of 1???107 spores/mL H2O caused a 52% reduction in shoot height and 84% reduction in root length of invasive perilla seedlings compared to a control treatment (P?50% plant mortality from 48 to 24?h, but oil emulsions exhibited a mild phytotoxic effect on seedlings. Four additional perilla accessions were susceptible to C. shisoi, and none of 34 other species included in host range experiments developed disease symptoms following inoculation. These results suggest C. shisoi 21-072 could be an effective antagonist of perilla and likely poses a low risk of non-target impacts. KEYWORDS: * Invasive * weed * pathogen * fungus * perilla * Colletotrichum Acknowledgements The preparation of this manuscript was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service through Project 8044-33000-047-000-D. The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any official USDA or U.S. Government determination or policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Pathogen isolates were collected from the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park under permit CHOH-2021-SCI-0023 and in collaboration with A. Landsman and L. Strickler. Data availability Data and computer software code used in the preparation of this manuscript will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Additional information Funding The preparation of this manuscript was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service through Project 8044-33000-047-000-D. From: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com > Sent: Tuesday, July 09, 2024 5:44 PM To: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com ; 'MAIPC Board' >; 'apwg' >; 'Lily Fountain' >; 'michael wilpers' > Subject: FW: [External Email]RE: Update perilla mint biocontrol From: Fulcher, Michael - REE-ARS > Sent: Tuesday, July 09, 2024 1:03 PM To: Tancos, Matthew - REE-ARS >; Marc Imlay >; 'Jil Swearingen' > Cc: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com Subject: Re: [External Email]RE: Update Hi Marc, Taking this opportunity to provide an update on perilla mint biocontrol ? We have been working with the National Park Service to find additional release and evaluation field sites in our region. The fungal pathogen Colletotrichum shisoi has been redistributed to several locations where it was previously absent, and we are in our second year of field trials. Last year we confirmed that the pathogen can effectively control perilla in small plots under favorable conditions. This year we are evaluating two different release timings, comparing the agent's efficacy to hand removal, and measuring the distance of pathogen spread after initial release. Attaching two recent scientific publications on this agent for your reference. Best, Mike Michael R. Fulcher, PhD Research Plant Pathologist USDA-ARS-NEA Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit 1301 Ditto Ave. Ft. Detrick, MD 21702 Tel: 301-619-2343 Fax: 301-619-2880 ADVANCE NOTICE OF LEAVE: _____ From: Tancos, Matthew - REE-ARS > Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2024 12:03 PM To: Marc Imlay >; 'Jil Swearingen' > Cc: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com >; Fulcher, Michael - REE-ARS > Subject: Re: [External Email]RE: Update Hi Marc, TAG approval is only required for foreign agents. Domestic ones do not require TAG approval. We require APHIS approval to move native pathogens and perform field trials, but EPA approval would be required to distribute the native pathogen on a wider basis (biopesticide registration). We do not have any foreign pathogens targeting East coast/Mid-Atlantic weeds with TAG at the moment. We have foreign pathogens that we recently received (this summer) that target Mid-Atlantic weeds, but they still need to be characterized and tested for host specificity before TAG submission (several years). Foreign pathogens at the TAG stage are currently targeting rangeland weeds in the western U.S. However, Mike Fulcher is performing field trials on his domestic Colletotrichum shisoi pathogen of perilla mint in Maryland, Virginia, and D.C.. Hope all is well! best, Matt Matthew A. Tancos, PhD. Research Plant Pathologist USDA-ARS-NEA Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit 1301 Ditto Avenue Fort Detrick, MD 21702 Tel: 301-619-7386 Fax: 301-619-2880 ADVANCE NOTICE OF LEAVE: _____ From: Marc Imlay > Sent: Saturday, July 6, 2024 4:21 PM To: Tancos, Matthew - REE-ARS >; 'Jil Swearingen' > Cc: wildmarcimlay at gmail.com > Subject: [External Email]RE: Update [External Email] If this message comes from an unexpected sender or references a vague/unexpected topic; Use caution before clicking links or opening attachments. Please send any concerns or suspicious messages to: Spam.Abuse at usda.gov So what biocontrols is the TAG considering now for invasives near us? Wild Marc Virus-free. www.avast.com This electronic message contains information generated by the USDA solely for the intended recipients. Any unauthorized interception of this message or the use or disclosure of the information it contains may violate the law and subject the violator to civil or criminal penalties. 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