[APWG] Japanese knotweed in the UK and plant-eating predators from Japan

[Patricia_Ford at fws.gov]

Article with photos at:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7531221.stm

Predators could be superweed fix
                                                                            
 By Rebecca Morelle                                                         
 Science reporter, BBC News                                                 
                                                                            



A superweed spreading throughout the UK could be brought under control by
introducing plant-eating predators from Japan, scientists believe.


Japanese knotweed was first introduced as an ornamental plant, but has
since plagued the environment; removal is costly and time consuming.


Now a team has identified natural predators from its native home that could
also control it in the UK.


The plans have been submitted to the government for approval.


If the proposal gets the go-ahead, it will be the first time that
biocontrol - the use of a natural enemy to control another pest - will be
used in Europe to fight a weed.


All this week, BBC News will be taking a closer look at some of the alien
invaders that are in the UK.


Appetite for knotweed


This year has been particularly bad for knotweed spread in the UK.


                                                                           
   The nymphs are literally sucking the life out of the plant.             
   Dr Shaw, Cabi                                                           
                                                                           




James MacFarlane, vegetation adviser for Cornwall County Council, said:
"The weather patterns have ended up with us seeing a lot of knotweed spread
in a number of areas."


In Japan, the original home of knotweed, the plant is common but it does
not rage out of control like in the UK.


Dick Shaw, the lead researcher on the project, from Cabi, a not-for-profit
agricultural research organisation, said: "In 2000, we went out to Japan to
see whether the plant had any natural enemies that it had lost when it came
here.


"We found that it had a lot: there were 186 species of plant-eating insects
and about 40 species of fungi."


The team then began to test the predators to find those that only had an
appetite for Japanese knotweed - and not any other plants.


The researchers tempted them with plant species that were very closely
related to knotweed, less closely related species that belonged to the same
tribe or family, and important UK plants such as apples and wheat.


Those that attacked any plants other than Japanese knotweed were ruled out,
explained Dr Shaw.


Eventually, the list was whittled down to two: a sap-sucking psyllid insect
( Aphalara itadori ) and a leaf spot fungus from the genus Mycosphaerella.


Dr Shaw told the BBC: "We have done some efficacy trials here in the lab
and they are showing a significant impact."


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Dick Shaw shows the effects of the sap-sucking psyllid on Japanese
knotweed.


Successful biocontrols do not eradicate the target weed - this would mean
wiping out their only food source and effectively making themselves extinct
- but they do bring them under control.


Dr Shaw said: "The psyllids are having an effect on the plants' height and
the treated knotweeds produce tiny curled leaves rather than big light
absorbing leaves, which means that less resources will get to their root
system.


"The nymphs are literally sucking the life out of the plant," he added.


Phenomenal growth


Japanese knotweed, like many other non-native, invasive plants, was first
introduced to the UK for horticulture.


Its 3-4m-tall (10-13ft) stems, ornamental leaves and clusters of white
flowers made it an attractive option for gardens.


Simon Ford, a nature conservation adviser from the National Trust, said:
"Japanese knotweed first came into the UK in 1840 through Wales - but it
was only about 10 to 15 years later that people started to see it as a
threat."


The plants grow incredibly quickly - some have been shown to grow four
metres in just four months, they can spread at a tremendous rate, and they
can quickly obliterate any other vegetation growing nearby.


Mr Ford said: "By the time they realised this it was already far too late."


Today, Japanese knotweed is prevalent throughout the UK.


It has not only caused great damage to plant biodiversity but it is also
causing problems for hard structures, including buildings, paving stones
and flood defence structures.
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           



It has been estimated that to remove all knotweed from the UK would cost
several billion pounds.


Cabi scientists believe that natural control could offer a much simpler
solution.


The project has cost about £600,000 over five years.


Dr Shaw said: "In comparison to the current control methods, if it works,
this will be significantly less costly."


The team has submitted its proposals to the government.


The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) along with
independent peer reviewers will assess the work before it is submitted for
a public consultation. HAVE YOUR SAY What is more alarming is the idea of
introducing an insect into the wild to eat the J.K. Weed James Paul, United
Kingdom


Dr Shaw said: "We do not know if this is going to be the silver bullet for
knotweed, but if we were able to just stop the thing spreading at the rate
it currently is, or make it easier to kill, I will be very happy."


The research project has been paid for by a consortium of UK sponsors
including Defra, the Environment Agency, the Welsh Assembly Government,
Network Rail, South West Regional Development Agency and British Waterways,
coordinated by Cornwall County Council.


Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/science/nature/7531221.stm

Published: 2008/10/13 04:48:21 GMT

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